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Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Published in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 11/2008

01-11-2008 | Review

Cancer chemotherapy: not only a direct cytotoxic effect, but also an adjuvant for antitumor immunity

Authors: Cédric Ménard, François Martin, Lionel Apetoh, Florence Bouyer, François Ghiringhelli

Published in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy | Issue 11/2008

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Abstract

Treatment of metastatic cancer mainly relies on chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic agents kill tumor cells by direct cytotoxicity, thus leading to tumor regression. However, emerging data focus on another side of cancer chemotherapy: its antitumor immunity effect. Although cancer chemotherapy was usually considered as immunosuppressive, some chemotherapeutic agents have recently been shown to activate an anticancer immune response, which is involved in the curative effect of these treatments. Cancer development often leads to the occurrence of an immune tolerance that prevents cancer rejection by the immune system and hinders efficacy of immunotherapy. Cancer cells induce proliferation and local accumulation of immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells and immature myeloid cells, and prevent the maturation of dendritic cells and their capacity to present tumor antigens to T lymphocytes. Many anticancer cytotoxic agents interfere with the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to tumor-induced tolerance. They can restore an efficient immune response that contributes to the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy. These findings open a novel field of investigations for future clinical trial design, taking into account the immunostimulatory capacity of chemotherapeutic agents, and using them in combined chemo-immunotherapy strategies when tumor-induced tolerance is overcome.
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Metadata
Title
Cancer chemotherapy: not only a direct cytotoxic effect, but also an adjuvant for antitumor immunity
Authors
Cédric Ménard
François Martin
Lionel Apetoh
Florence Bouyer
François Ghiringhelli
Publication date
01-11-2008
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy / Issue 11/2008
Print ISSN: 0340-7004
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-008-0505-6

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