Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Abdominal Radiology 3/2007

01-06-2007

Renal MR and CT angiography: current concepts

Authors: James F. Glockner, Terri J. Vrtiska

Published in: Abdominal Radiology | Issue 3/2007

Login to get access

Abstract

During the past decade, noninvasive CTA and MRA imaging techniques have replaced catheter angiography for evaluation of the renal arteries. This article reviews techniques for optimizing renal MRA and CTA, assesses the advantages and limitations of MRA and CTA, and provides the current indications for renal vascular imaging including renal artery stenosis screening. New and future developments in these rapidly evolving techniques are also discussed.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Galanski M, Prokop M, Chavan A, et al. (1994) Accuracy of CT angiography in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. Rofo 161(6):519–525PubMed Galanski M, Prokop M, Chavan A, et al. (1994) Accuracy of CT angiography in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. Rofo 161(6):519–525PubMed
2.
go back to reference Fleischmann D (2003) Multiple detector-row CT angiography of the renal and mesenteric vessels. Eur J Radiol 45(suppl 1):S79–S87PubMedCrossRef Fleischmann D (2003) Multiple detector-row CT angiography of the renal and mesenteric vessels. Eur J Radiol 45(suppl 1):S79–S87PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Prince MR, Yucel EK, Kaufman JA, et al. (1993) Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional abdominal MR arteriography. J Magn Reson Imaging 3:877–881PubMedCrossRef Prince MR, Yucel EK, Kaufman JA, et al. (1993) Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional abdominal MR arteriography. J Magn Reson Imaging 3:877–881PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Prince MR, Narasimham DL, Stanley JC, et al. (1995) Breath-hold gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of the abdominal aorta and its major branches. Radiology 197:785–892PubMed Prince MR, Narasimham DL, Stanley JC, et al. (1995) Breath-hold gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of the abdominal aorta and its major branches. Radiology 197:785–892PubMed
5.
go back to reference Maki JH, Prince MR, Chenevert TC (1998) Optimizing three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Invest Radiol 33(9):528–537PubMedCrossRef Maki JH, Prince MR, Chenevert TC (1998) Optimizing three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Invest Radiol 33(9):528–537PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Mittal TK, Evans C, Perkins T, et al. (2001) Renal arteriography using gadolinium enhanced 3D MR angiography—clinical experience with the technique, its limitations and pitfalls. Br J Radiol 74:495–502PubMed Mittal TK, Evans C, Perkins T, et al. (2001) Renal arteriography using gadolinium enhanced 3D MR angiography—clinical experience with the technique, its limitations and pitfalls. Br J Radiol 74:495–502PubMed
7.
go back to reference Shetty AN, Bis KG, Kirsch M, et al. (2000) Contrast-enhanced breath-hold three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography in the evaluation of renal arteries: optimization of technique and pitfalls. J Magn Reson Imaging 12:912–923PubMedCrossRef Shetty AN, Bis KG, Kirsch M, et al. (2000) Contrast-enhanced breath-hold three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography in the evaluation of renal arteries: optimization of technique and pitfalls. J Magn Reson Imaging 12:912–923PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Fain SB, King BF, Breen JF, et al. (2001) High spatial resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the renal arteries: a prospective comparison with digital subtraction angiography. Radiology 218:481–490PubMed Fain SB, King BF, Breen JF, et al. (2001) High spatial resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the renal arteries: a prospective comparison with digital subtraction angiography. Radiology 218:481–490PubMed
9.
go back to reference Qanadli SD, Soulez G, Therasse E, et al. (2001) Detection of renal artery stenosis: prospective comparison of captopril-enhanced Doppler sonography, captopril-enhanced scintigraphy, and MR angiography. AJR 177:1123–1129PubMed Qanadli SD, Soulez G, Therasse E, et al. (2001) Detection of renal artery stenosis: prospective comparison of captopril-enhanced Doppler sonography, captopril-enhanced scintigraphy, and MR angiography. AJR 177:1123–1129PubMed
10.
go back to reference Thornton J, O’Callaghan J, Walshe J, et al. (1999) Comparison of digital subtraction angiography with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. Eur Radiol 9:930–934PubMedCrossRef Thornton J, O’Callaghan J, Walshe J, et al. (1999) Comparison of digital subtraction angiography with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. Eur Radiol 9:930–934PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Leung DA, Hagspiel KD, Angle F, et al. (2002) MR angiography of the renal arteries. Radiol Clin N Am 40:847–865PubMedCrossRef Leung DA, Hagspiel KD, Angle F, et al. (2002) MR angiography of the renal arteries. Radiol Clin N Am 40:847–865PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Olin JW, Melia M, Young JR, et al. (1990) Prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in patients with atherosclerosis elsewhere. Am J Med 88:46N–51NPubMedCrossRef Olin JW, Melia M, Young JR, et al. (1990) Prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in patients with atherosclerosis elsewhere. Am J Med 88:46N–51NPubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Jean WJ, al Bitar I, Zwicke DL, et al. (1994) High incidence of renal artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 32:8–10PubMedCrossRef Jean WJ, al Bitar I, Zwicke DL, et al. (1994) High incidence of renal artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 32:8–10PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Scoble JE, Maher ER, Hamilton G, et al. (1989) Atherosclerotic renovascular disease causing renal impairment: a case for treatment. Clin Nephrol 31:119–122PubMed Scoble JE, Maher ER, Hamilton G, et al. (1989) Atherosclerotic renovascular disease causing renal impairment: a case for treatment. Clin Nephrol 31:119–122PubMed
15.
go back to reference van Jaarsveld BC, Krijnen P, Pieterman H, et al. (2000) The effect of balloon angioplasty on hypertension in atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: Dutch renal artery stenosis intervention cooperative study group. N Engl J Med 342:1007–1014PubMedCrossRef van Jaarsveld BC, Krijnen P, Pieterman H, et al. (2000) The effect of balloon angioplasty on hypertension in atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: Dutch renal artery stenosis intervention cooperative study group. N Engl J Med 342:1007–1014PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Webster J, Marshall F, Abdalla M, et al. (1998) Randomised comparison of percutaneous angioplasty vs. continued medical therapy for hypertensive patients with atheromatous renal artery stenosis. Scottish and Newcastle renal artery stenosis collaborative group. J Hum Hypertens 12:329–335PubMedCrossRef Webster J, Marshall F, Abdalla M, et al. (1998) Randomised comparison of percutaneous angioplasty vs. continued medical therapy for hypertensive patients with atheromatous renal artery stenosis. Scottish and Newcastle renal artery stenosis collaborative group. J Hum Hypertens 12:329–335PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Dorros G, Jaff M, Mathiak L, et al. (2002) Multicenter Palmaz stent renal artery stenosis revascularization registry report: four-year follow-up of 1,058 successful patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2:182–188CrossRef Dorros G, Jaff M, Mathiak L, et al. (2002) Multicenter Palmaz stent renal artery stenosis revascularization registry report: four-year follow-up of 1,058 successful patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2:182–188CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Isles CG, Robertson S, Hill D (1999) Management of renovascular disease: a review of renal artery stenting in ten studies. QJM 92:159–167PubMedCrossRef Isles CG, Robertson S, Hill D (1999) Management of renovascular disease: a review of renal artery stenting in ten studies. QJM 92:159–167PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Beutler JJ, van Ampting JMA, van de Ven PJG, et al. (2001) Long-term effects of arterial stenting on kidney function for patients with ostial atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and renal insufficiency. J Am Soc Nephrol 12:1475–1481PubMed Beutler JJ, van Ampting JMA, van de Ven PJG, et al. (2001) Long-term effects of arterial stenting on kidney function for patients with ostial atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and renal insufficiency. J Am Soc Nephrol 12:1475–1481PubMed
20.
go back to reference Uder M, Humke U (2005) Endovascular therapy of renal artery stenosis: where do we stand today? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 28:139–147PubMedCrossRef Uder M, Humke U (2005) Endovascular therapy of renal artery stenosis: where do we stand today? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 28:139–147PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Bettmann MA, Dake MD, Hopkins N, et al. (2004) Atherosclerotic vascular disease conference writing group VI: revascularization. Circulation 109:2643–2650PubMedCrossRef Bettmann MA, Dake MD, Hopkins N, et al. (2004) Atherosclerotic vascular disease conference writing group VI: revascularization. Circulation 109:2643–2650PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Haller C (2002) Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: conservative versus interventional management. Heart 88:193–197PubMedCrossRef Haller C (2002) Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: conservative versus interventional management. Heart 88:193–197PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Tan KT, Van Beek EJR, Brown PWG, et al. (2002) Magnetic resonance angiography for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: a meta-analysis. Clin Radiol 57:617–624PubMedCrossRef Tan KT, Van Beek EJR, Brown PWG, et al. (2002) Magnetic resonance angiography for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: a meta-analysis. Clin Radiol 57:617–624PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Boudewijn G, Vasbinder C, Nelemans PJ, et al. (2001) Diagnostic tests for renal artery stenosis in patients suspected of having renovascular hypertension: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 135:401–411 Boudewijn G, Vasbinder C, Nelemans PJ, et al. (2001) Diagnostic tests for renal artery stenosis in patients suspected of having renovascular hypertension: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 135:401–411
25.
go back to reference Boudewijn G, Vasbinder C, Nelemans PJ, et al. (2004) Accuracy of computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance angiography for diagnosing renal artery stenosis. Ann Intern Med 141:674–682 Boudewijn G, Vasbinder C, Nelemans PJ, et al. (2004) Accuracy of computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance angiography for diagnosing renal artery stenosis. Ann Intern Med 141:674–682
26.
go back to reference Schoenberg SO, Rieger J, Weber CH, et al. (2005) High spatial resolution MR angiography of renal arteries with integrated parallel acquisitions: comparison with digital subtraction angiography and US. Radiology 235:687–698PubMedCrossRef Schoenberg SO, Rieger J, Weber CH, et al. (2005) High spatial resolution MR angiography of renal arteries with integrated parallel acquisitions: comparison with digital subtraction angiography and US. Radiology 235:687–698PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Kramer U, Kambiz N, Laub G, et al. (2006) High-resolution magnetic resonance angiography of the renal arteries using parallel imaging acquisition techniques at 3.0 T. Invest Radiol 41:125–132PubMedCrossRef Kramer U, Kambiz N, Laub G, et al. (2006) High-resolution magnetic resonance angiography of the renal arteries using parallel imaging acquisition techniques at 3.0 T. Invest Radiol 41:125–132PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Draney MT, Zarins CK, Taylor CA (2005) Three-dimensional analysis of renal artery bending motion during respiration. J Endovasc Ther 12:380–386PubMedCrossRef Draney MT, Zarins CK, Taylor CA (2005) Three-dimensional analysis of renal artery bending motion during respiration. J Endovasc Ther 12:380–386PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Boudewijn G, Vasbinder C, Maki JH, et al. (2002) Motion of the distal renal artery during three-dimensional contrast-enhanced breath-hold MRA. J Magn Reson Imaging 16:685–696CrossRef Boudewijn G, Vasbinder C, Maki JH, et al. (2002) Motion of the distal renal artery during three-dimensional contrast-enhanced breath-hold MRA. J Magn Reson Imaging 16:685–696CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Masunaga H, Takehara Y, Isoda H, et al. (2001) Assessment of gadolinium-enhanced time-resolved three-dimensional MR angiography for evaluating renal artery stenosis. AJR 176:1213–1219PubMed Masunaga H, Takehara Y, Isoda H, et al. (2001) Assessment of gadolinium-enhanced time-resolved three-dimensional MR angiography for evaluating renal artery stenosis. AJR 176:1213–1219PubMed
31.
go back to reference Volk M, Strotzer M, Lenhart M, et al. (2000) Time-resolved contrast-enhanced MR angiography of renal artery stenosis: diagnostic accuracy and interobserver variability. AJR 174:1583–1588PubMed Volk M, Strotzer M, Lenhart M, et al. (2000) Time-resolved contrast-enhanced MR angiography of renal artery stenosis: diagnostic accuracy and interobserver variability. AJR 174:1583–1588PubMed
32.
go back to reference Buecker A, Spuentrup E, Ruebben A, et al. (2002) Artifact-free in-stent lumen visualization by standard magnetic resonance angiography using a new metallic magnetic resonance imaging stent. Circulation 105(15):1772–1775PubMedCrossRef Buecker A, Spuentrup E, Ruebben A, et al. (2002) Artifact-free in-stent lumen visualization by standard magnetic resonance angiography using a new metallic magnetic resonance imaging stent. Circulation 105(15):1772–1775PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference van Holten J, Wielopolski P, Bruck E, et al. (2003) High flip angle imaging of metallic stents: implications for MR angiography and intraluminal signal interruption. Magn Reson Med 50(4):879–883PubMedCrossRef van Holten J, Wielopolski P, Bruck E, et al. (2003) High flip angle imaging of metallic stents: implications for MR angiography and intraluminal signal interruption. Magn Reson Med 50(4):879–883PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Spuentrup E, Ruebben A, Stuber M, et al. (2003) Metallic renal artery MR imaging stent: artifact-free lumen visualization with projection and standard renal MR angiography. Radiology 227(3):897–902PubMedCrossRef Spuentrup E, Ruebben A, Stuber M, et al. (2003) Metallic renal artery MR imaging stent: artifact-free lumen visualization with projection and standard renal MR angiography. Radiology 227(3):897–902PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Kearney GP, Waters WB, Klein LA, et al. (1981) Results of inferior vena cava resection for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 125:769PubMed Kearney GP, Waters WB, Klein LA, et al. (1981) Results of inferior vena cava resection for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 125:769PubMed
36.
go back to reference Hallscheidt PJ, Fink C, Haferkamp A, et al. (2005) Preoperative staging of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus using multidetector CT and MRI: prospective study with histopathological correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 29:64–68PubMedCrossRef Hallscheidt PJ, Fink C, Haferkamp A, et al. (2005) Preoperative staging of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus using multidetector CT and MRI: prospective study with histopathological correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 29:64–68PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Kallmann DA, King BF, Hattery RR, et al. (1992) Renal vein and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma: CT, US, MRI, and vena cavography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 16:240–247CrossRef Kallmann DA, King BF, Hattery RR, et al. (1992) Renal vein and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma: CT, US, MRI, and vena cavography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 16:240–247CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Choyke PL, Wather MCM, Wagner JR, et al. (1997) Renal cancer: preoperative evaluation with dual phase three dimensional MR angiography. Radiology 205:767–771PubMed Choyke PL, Wather MCM, Wagner JR, et al. (1997) Renal cancer: preoperative evaluation with dual phase three dimensional MR angiography. Radiology 205:767–771PubMed
39.
go back to reference Oto A, Herts BR, Remer EM, et al. (1998) Inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in renal cell carcionoma: staging by MR imaging and impact on surgical treatment. AJR 171:1619–1624PubMed Oto A, Herts BR, Remer EM, et al. (1998) Inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in renal cell carcionoma: staging by MR imaging and impact on surgical treatment. AJR 171:1619–1624PubMed
40.
go back to reference Schaffer D, Sahyoun AI, Madras PN, et al. (1998) Two hundred and one consecutive living-donor nephrectomies. Arch Surg 133:426–431CrossRef Schaffer D, Sahyoun AI, Madras PN, et al. (1998) Two hundred and one consecutive living-donor nephrectomies. Arch Surg 133:426–431CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Lind MY, Ijzermans JNM, Bonjer HJ (2002) Open vs. laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in renal transplantation. BJU Int 89:162–168PubMedCrossRef Lind MY, Ijzermans JNM, Bonjer HJ (2002) Open vs. laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in renal transplantation. BJU Int 89:162–168PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Hussain SM, Kock MCJM, Ijzermans JNM, et al. (2003) MR imaging: a one stop shop modality for preoperative evaluation of potential living kidney donors. Radiographics 23:505–520PubMedCrossRef Hussain SM, Kock MCJM, Ijzermans JNM, et al. (2003) MR imaging: a one stop shop modality for preoperative evaluation of potential living kidney donors. Radiographics 23:505–520PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Fink C, Hallscheidt PJ, Hosch WP, et al. (2003) Preoperative evaluation of living renal donors: value of contrast-enhanced 3D magnetic resonance angiography and comparison of three rendering algorithms. Eur Radiol 13:794–801PubMed Fink C, Hallscheidt PJ, Hosch WP, et al. (2003) Preoperative evaluation of living renal donors: value of contrast-enhanced 3D magnetic resonance angiography and comparison of three rendering algorithms. Eur Radiol 13:794–801PubMed
44.
go back to reference Subramaniam M, Mizzi A, Roditi G (2004) Magnetic resonance angiography in potential live renal donors: a joint radiological and surgical evaluation. Clin Radiol 59:335–341PubMedCrossRef Subramaniam M, Mizzi A, Roditi G (2004) Magnetic resonance angiography in potential live renal donors: a joint radiological and surgical evaluation. Clin Radiol 59:335–341PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Rajab A, Khabiri H, Pelletier RP, et al. (2004) Magnetic resonance angiography for preoperative evaluation of potential kidney donors. J Surg Res 120:195–200PubMedCrossRef Rajab A, Khabiri H, Pelletier RP, et al. (2004) Magnetic resonance angiography for preoperative evaluation of potential kidney donors. J Surg Res 120:195–200PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Tan SP, Bux SI, Kumar G, et al. (2004) Evaluation of live renal donors with three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in comparison to catheter angiography. Transplant Proc 36:1914–1916PubMedCrossRef Tan SP, Bux SI, Kumar G, et al. (2004) Evaluation of live renal donors with three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in comparison to catheter angiography. Transplant Proc 36:1914–1916PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Al-Saeed O, Ismail M, Sheikh M, et al. (2005) Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient magnetic resonance angiography of the renal arteries for potential living renal transplant donors: a comparative study with digital subtraction angiography. Australas Radiol 49:214–217PubMedCrossRef Al-Saeed O, Ismail M, Sheikh M, et al. (2005) Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient magnetic resonance angiography of the renal arteries for potential living renal transplant donors: a comparative study with digital subtraction angiography. Australas Radiol 49:214–217PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Bhatti AA, Chugtai A, Haslam P, et al. (2005) Prospective study comparing three-dimensional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating renal vascular anatomy in potential living renal donors. BJU Int 96:1105–1108PubMedCrossRef Bhatti AA, Chugtai A, Haslam P, et al. (2005) Prospective study comparing three-dimensional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating renal vascular anatomy in potential living renal donors. BJU Int 96:1105–1108PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Wang DS, Stolpen AH, Bird VG, et al. (2005) Correlation of preoperative three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography with intraoperative findings in laparoscopic renal surgery. J Endocr 19:193–199 Wang DS, Stolpen AH, Bird VG, et al. (2005) Correlation of preoperative three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography with intraoperative findings in laparoscopic renal surgery. J Endocr 19:193–199
50.
go back to reference Di Felice A, Inguaggiato P, Rubbiani E, et al. (2002) Magnetic resonance in renal transplantation: evaluation of post-surgery complications. Transplant Proc 34:3193–3195PubMedCrossRef Di Felice A, Inguaggiato P, Rubbiani E, et al. (2002) Magnetic resonance in renal transplantation: evaluation of post-surgery complications. Transplant Proc 34:3193–3195PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Browne RFJ, Riordan EO, Roberts JA, et al. (2004) Renal artery aneurysms: diagnosis and surveillance with 3D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Eur Radiol 14:1807–1812PubMedCrossRef Browne RFJ, Riordan EO, Roberts JA, et al. (2004) Renal artery aneurysms: diagnosis and surveillance with 3D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Eur Radiol 14:1807–1812PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Svensson J, Petersson JS, Stahlberg F, et al. (1999) Image artifacts due to a time-varying contrast medium concentration in 3D contrast-enhanced MRA. J Magn Reson Imaging 10(6):919–928PubMedCrossRef Svensson J, Petersson JS, Stahlberg F, et al. (1999) Image artifacts due to a time-varying contrast medium concentration in 3D contrast-enhanced MRA. J Magn Reson Imaging 10(6):919–928PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Lee VS, Martin DJ, Krinsky GA, et al. (2000) Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography: artifacts and pitfalls. AJR 175:197–205PubMed Lee VS, Martin DJ, Krinsky GA, et al. (2000) Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography: artifacts and pitfalls. AJR 175:197–205PubMed
54.
go back to reference Zhang HL, Schoenberg SO, Resnick LM, et al. (2003) Diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: combining gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography with functional magnetic resonance pulse sequences. AJH 16:1079–1082PubMed Zhang HL, Schoenberg SO, Resnick LM, et al. (2003) Diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: combining gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography with functional magnetic resonance pulse sequences. AJH 16:1079–1082PubMed
55.
go back to reference Hood MN, Ho VB, Corse WR (2002) Three-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography: a useful clinical adjunct to gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional renal magnetic resonance angiography? Mil Med 167:343–349PubMed Hood MN, Ho VB, Corse WR (2002) Three-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography: a useful clinical adjunct to gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional renal magnetic resonance angiography? Mil Med 167:343–349PubMed
56.
go back to reference Miller S, Schick F, Duda SH, et al. (1998) Gd-enhanced 3D phase-contrast MR angiography and dynamic perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. Magn Reson Imaging 16:1005–1012PubMedCrossRef Miller S, Schick F, Duda SH, et al. (1998) Gd-enhanced 3D phase-contrast MR angiography and dynamic perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. Magn Reson Imaging 16:1005–1012PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Schoenberg SO, Knopp MV, Londy F, et al. (2002) Morphologic and functional magnetic resonance imaging of renal artery stenosis: a multireader tricenter study. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:158–169PubMed Schoenberg SO, Knopp MV, Londy F, et al. (2002) Morphologic and functional magnetic resonance imaging of renal artery stenosis: a multireader tricenter study. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:158–169PubMed
58.
go back to reference Yim PJ, Cebral JR, Weaver A, et al. (2004) Estimation of the differential pressure at renal artery stenoses. Magn Reson Med 51:969–977PubMedCrossRef Yim PJ, Cebral JR, Weaver A, et al. (2004) Estimation of the differential pressure at renal artery stenoses. Magn Reson Med 51:969–977PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Grenier N, Basseau F, Ries M, et al. (2004) Functional MRI of the kidney. Abdom Imaging 28:164–175CrossRef Grenier N, Basseau F, Ries M, et al. (2004) Functional MRI of the kidney. Abdom Imaging 28:164–175CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Michaely HJ, Schoenberg SO, Ittrich C, et al. (2004) Renal disease: value of functional magnetic resonance imaging with flow and perfusion measurements. Invest Radiol 39:698–705PubMedCrossRef Michaely HJ, Schoenberg SO, Ittrich C, et al. (2004) Renal disease: value of functional magnetic resonance imaging with flow and perfusion measurements. Invest Radiol 39:698–705PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Huang AJ, Lee VS, Rusinek H (2004) Functional renal MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 12:469–486PubMedCrossRef Huang AJ, Lee VS, Rusinek H (2004) Functional renal MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 12:469–486PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Gandy SJ, Sudarshan TAP, Sheppard DG, et al. (2003) Dynamic MRI contrast enhancement of renal cortex: a functional assessment of renovascular disease in patients with renal artery stenosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 18:461–466PubMedCrossRef Gandy SJ, Sudarshan TAP, Sheppard DG, et al. (2003) Dynamic MRI contrast enhancement of renal cortex: a functional assessment of renovascular disease in patients with renal artery stenosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 18:461–466PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Juillard L, Lerman LO, Kruger DG, et al. (2004) Blood oxygen-level dependent measurement of acute intra-renal ischemia. Kidney Int 65:944–950PubMedCrossRef Juillard L, Lerman LO, Kruger DG, et al. (2004) Blood oxygen-level dependent measurement of acute intra-renal ischemia. Kidney Int 65:944–950PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Van den Brink JS, Watanabe Y, Kuhl CK, et al. (2003) Implications of SENSE MR in routine clinical practice. Eur J Radiol 46:3–27PubMedCrossRef Van den Brink JS, Watanabe Y, Kuhl CK, et al. (2003) Implications of SENSE MR in routine clinical practice. Eur J Radiol 46:3–27PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Glockner JF, Hu HH, Stanley DW, et al. (2005) Parallel imaging: a user’s guide. Radiographics 25:1279–1297PubMedCrossRef Glockner JF, Hu HH, Stanley DW, et al. (2005) Parallel imaging: a user’s guide. Radiographics 25:1279–1297PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Katoh M, Spuentrup E, Stuber M, et al. (2005) Free-breathing renal magnetic resonance angiography with steady-state free-precession and slab-selective spin inversion combined with radial k-space sampling and water-selective excitation. Magn Reson Med 53:1228–1233PubMedCrossRef Katoh M, Spuentrup E, Stuber M, et al. (2005) Free-breathing renal magnetic resonance angiography with steady-state free-precession and slab-selective spin inversion combined with radial k-space sampling and water-selective excitation. Magn Reson Med 53:1228–1233PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Coenegrachts KL, Hoogeveen R, Vaninbroukx JA, et al. (2004) High spatial resolution 3D balanced turbo field echo technique for MR angiography of the renal arteries: initial experience. Radiology 231:237–242PubMedCrossRef Coenegrachts KL, Hoogeveen R, Vaninbroukx JA, et al. (2004) High spatial resolution 3D balanced turbo field echo technique for MR angiography of the renal arteries: initial experience. Radiology 231:237–242PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Renal MR and CT angiography: current concepts
Authors
James F. Glockner
Terri J. Vrtiska
Publication date
01-06-2007
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Abdominal Radiology / Issue 3/2007
Print ISSN: 2366-004X
Electronic ISSN: 2366-0058
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-006-9066-3

Other articles of this Issue 3/2007

Abdominal Radiology 3/2007 Go to the issue
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.