Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 1/2009

01-03-2009

PET/MRI system design

Authors: Gaspar Delso, Sibylle Ziegler

Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Special Issue 1/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

Introduction

The combination of clinical MRI and PET systems has received increased attention in recent years. In contrast to currently used PET/CT systems, PET/MRI offers not only improved soft-tissue contrast and reduced levels of ionizing radiation, but also a wealth of MRI-specific information such as functional, spectroscopic and diffusion tensor imaging. Combining PET and MRI, however, has proven to be very challenging, due to the detrimental cross-talk effects between the two systems.

Objective

Significant progress has been made in the recent years to overcome these difficulties, with several groups reporting PET/MRI prototypes for animal imaging and a clinical insert for neurological applications being demonstrated at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine.

Discussion

In this paper we review different architectures for clinical PET/MRI systems, and their possibilities, limitations and technological obstacles.
Literature
1.
Beyer T, Townsend DW, Brun T, Kinahan PE, Charron M, Roddy R, et al. A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology. J Nucl Med 2000;41:1369–79.PubMed
2.
European Commission. Referral guidelines for imaging radiation protection 118. Technical Report. ISBN: 92-828-9454-1; 2001.
3.
Zaidi H, Mawlawi O, Orton CG. Point/counterpoint. Simultaneous PET/MR will replace PET/CT as the molecular multimodality imaging platform of choice. Med Phys 2007;34:1525–8.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Christensen NL, Hammer BE, Heil BG, Fetterly K. Positron emission tomography within a magnetic field using photomultiplier tubes and lightguides. Phys Med Biol 1995;40:691–7.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Cumalat JP, Cheung HWK, Hassed J, Smith BD, Bross AD. Effects of magnetic fields on the light yield of scintillators. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A 1990;293:606–14.CrossRef
6.
Yamamoto S, Kuroda K, Senda M. Scintillator selection for MR-compatible gamma detectors. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 2003;50:1683–5.CrossRef
7.
Lucas AJ, Hawkes RC, Ansorge RE, Williams GB, Nutt RE, Clark JC, et al. Development of a combined microPET-MR system. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2006;5:337–41.PubMed
8.
Marsden PK, Strul D, Keevil SF, Williams SCR, Cash D. Simultaneous PET and NMR. Br J Radiol 2002;75:53–9.
9.
Raylman RR, Majewski S, Velan SS, Lemieux S, Kross B, Popov V, et al. Simultaneous acquisition of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data and positron emission tomography (PET) images with a prototype MR-compatible, small animal PET imager. J Magn Reson 2007;186:305–10.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Shao Y, Cherry S, Farahani K, Slates R, Silverman R, Meadors K, et al. Development of a PET detector system compatible with MRI/NMR systems. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 1997;44:1167–71.CrossRef
11.
Pichler B, Lorenz E, Mirzoyan R, Pimpl W, Roder F, Schwaiger M, et al. Performance test of a LSO-APD PET module in a 9.4 Tesla magnet. Proc IEEE Nucl Sci Symp 1997;2:1237–9.
12.
Catana C, Wu Y, Judenhofer MS, Qi J, Pichler BJ, Cherry SR. Simultaneous acquisition of multislice PET and MR images: initial results with a MR-compatible PET scanner. J Nucl Med 2006;47:1968–76.PubMed
13.
Catana C, Procissi D, Wu Y, Judenhofer MS, Qi J, Pichler BJ, et al. Simultaneous in vivo positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008;105:3705–10.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Grazioso R, Zhanga N, Corbeila J, Schmanda M, Ladebeck R, Vester M, et al. APD-based PET detector for simultaneous PET/MR imaging. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A 2006;569:301–5.CrossRef
15.
Pichler BJ, Judenhofer MS, Catana C, Walton JH, Kneilling M, Nutt RE, et al. Performance test of an LSO-APD detector in a 7-T MRI scanner for simultaneous PET/MRI. J Nucl Med 2006;47:639–47.PubMed
16.
Woody C, Schlyer D, Vaska P, Tomasi D, Solis-Najera S, Rooney W. Preliminary studies of a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner based on the RatCAP small animal tomograph. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A 2007;571:102–5.CrossRef
17.
Junnarkar S, Fried J, O’Connor P, Radeka V, Vaska P, Purschke M. MRI compatible G-link and PCI based data acquisition hardware for the RatCAP scanner. IEEE Nucl Sci Symp 2006;1:380–3.
18.
Zang-Hee C, Young-Don S, Hang-Keun K, Kyoung-Nam K, Se-Hong O, Jae-Yong H, et al. A hybrid PET-MRI: an integrated molecular-genetic imaging system with HRRT-PET and 7.0-T MRI. Int J Imaging Sys Tech 2007;17:252–65.CrossRef
19.
Shao Y, Cherry SR, Farahani K, Meadors K, Siegel S, Silverman RW, et al. Simultaneous PET and MR imaging. Phys Med Biol 1997;42:1965–70.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Slates RB, Farahani K, Shao Y, Marsden PK, Taylor J, Summers PE. A study of artefacts in simultaneous PET and MR imaging using a prototype MR compatible PET scanner. Phys Med Biol 1999;44:2015–27.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Pichler BJ, Swann BK, Rochelle J, Nutt RE, Cherry SR, Siegel SB. Lutetium oxyorthosilicate block detector readout by avalanche photodiode arrays for high resolution animal PET. Phys Med Biol 2004;49:4305–19.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Spanoudaki VC, McElroy DP, Torres-Espallardo I, Ziegler SI. Effect of temperature on the performance of proportional APD-based modules for gamma ray detection in positron emission tomography. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 2008;55:469–80.CrossRef
23.
Carson RE, Herscovitch P, Daube-Witherspoon ME, editors. Quantitative functional brain imaging with positron emission tomography. 1st ed. New York: Academic Press; 1998.
24.
Raylman RR, Majewski S, Lemieux SK, Velan SS, Kross B, Popov V. Simultaneous MRI and PET imaging of a rat brain. Phys Med Biol 2006;51:6371–9.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Schlyer D, Vaska P, Tomasi D, Woody C, Maramraju S-H, Southekal S. A simultaneous PET/MRI scanner based on RatCAP in small animals. IEEE Nucl Sci Symp 2007;5:3256–9.
26.
Judenhofer MS, Wehrl HF, Newport DF, Catana C, Siegel SB, Becker M, et al. Simultaneous PET-MRI: a new approach for functional and morphological imaging. Nat Med 2008;14:459–65.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Schlemmer H, Pichler B, Wienhard K, Schmand M, Nahmias C, Townsend D, et al. Simultaneous MR/PET for brain imaging: first patient scans (abstract). J Nucl Med 2007;48(Suppl 2):45P.
28.
Schlemmer H, Pichler BJ, Schmand M, Burbar Z, Michel C, Ladebeck R, et al. Simultaneous MR/PET imaging of the human brain: feasibility study. Radiology 2008;248:1028–35.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Handler W, Chronik B, Scholl T, Gilbert K, Peng H. Combining field-cycled magnetic resonance imaging with positron emission tomography (abstract). J Nucl Med Meeting Abstracts 2007;48(Suppl 2):89P.
30.
Martinez M, Torres I, Ladebeck R, Nekolla S, Ziegler S, Schwaiger M. Whole-body MR-PET: characterization of PET performance by Monte Carlo simulations (abstract). J Nucl Med 2007;48(Suppl 2):46P.
31.
Otte A, Barral J, Dolgoshein B, Hose J, Klemin S, Lorenz E, et al. A test of silicon photomultipliers as readout for PET. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A 2005;545:705–15.CrossRef
32.
Spanoudaki VC, Mann AB, Otte AN, Konorov I, Torres-Espallardo I, Paul S, et al. Use of single photon counting detector arrays in combined PET/MR: characterization of LYSO-SiPM detector modules and comparison with a LSO-APD detector. J Instrum 2007;2:P12002.CrossRef
33.
Strul D, Cash D, Keevil S, Halsted P, Williams S, Marsden P. Gamma shielding materials for MR-compatible PET. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 2003;50:60–9.CrossRef
34.
Lee H, Li Z, Chen K, Hsu A, Xu C, Xie J, et al. PET/MRI dual-modality tumor imaging using arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD)-conjugated radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles. J Nucl Med 2008;49:1371–9.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Metadata
Title
PET/MRI system design
Authors
Gaspar Delso
Sibylle Ziegler
Publication date
01-03-2009
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Issue Special Issue 1/2009
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Electronic ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-008-1008-6

Other articles of this Special Issue 1/2009

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 1/2009 Go to the issue

OriginalPaper

Towards quantitative PET/MRI: a review of MR-based attenuation correction techniques

OriginalPaper

Pre-clinical PET/MR: technological advances and new perspectives in biomedical research

OriginalPaper

Healthcare costs for new technologies

OriginalPaper

The potential of PET/MR for brain imaging

OriginalPaper

Multimodality image registration with software: state-of-the-art

OriginalPaper

Combined PET/MRI: a new dimension in whole-body oncology imaging?