Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Pediatric Radiology
Published in: Pediatric Radiology 6/2019

01-05-2019 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Pictorial Essay

Imaging of diseases of the vagina and external genitalia in children

Authors: João Matos, Cinzia Orazi, Fiammetta Sertorio, Gianmichele Magnano, Paolo Toma, Claudio Granata

Published in: Pediatric Radiology | Issue 6/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

A wide range of congenital or acquired conditions, some pretty rare, may affect the vulva and vagina in children. Swelling, visible or palpable masses and abnormal discharges are common symptoms of conditions affecting the vulva and/or the lower genital tract. The majority of these diseases are benign. Ultrasonography is pivotal to elucidate the anatomical origin of these conditions and make the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging can be relevant to improve diagnostic confidence and, if needed, to plan more accurate surgical treatment. The aim of this pictorial essay is to review the related imaging findings to help make radiologists familiar with these conditions.
Literature
1.
2.
3.
Walker DK, Salibian RA, Salibian AD et al (2011) Overlooked diseases of the vagina: a directed anatomic-pathologic approach for imaging assessment. Radiographics 31:1583–1598CrossRefPubMed
4.
5.
Agarwal MD, Resnick EL, Mhuircheartaigh JN, Mortele KJ (2017) MR imaging of the female perineum: clitoris, labia, and introitus. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 25:435–455CrossRefPubMed
6.
Grant LA, Sala E, Griffin N (2010) Congenital and acquired conditions of the vulva and vagina on magnetic resonance imaging: a pictorial review. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 31:347–362CrossRefPubMed
7.
Tseng JJ, Ho JY, Chen WH, Chou MM (2008) Prenatal diagnosis of isolated fetal hydrocolpos secondary to congenital imperforate hymen. J Chin Med Assoc 71:325–328CrossRefPubMed
8.
Sardanelli F, Renzetti P, Oddome M, Tomà P (1995) Uterus didelphys with blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis: MR findings before and after vaginal septum resection. Eur J Radiol 19:164–170CrossRefPubMed
9.
Tomà P, Magistrelli A, Lucchetti MC (2017) Urethral prolapse in a paediatric patient with urogenital bleeding: diagnosis by imaging. Int Urogynecol J 28:1755–1756CrossRefPubMed
10.
Didier RA, Chow JS, Kwatra NS et al (2017) The duplicated collecting system of the urinary tract: embryology, imaging appearances and clinical considerations. Pediatr Radiol 47:1526–1538CrossRefPubMed
11.
Desmarais CM (2015) Skene's gland abscess: detection with transperineal sonography. J Diagn Med Sonogr 31:390–393CrossRef
12.
Siegelmann ES, Outwater EK, Banner MP et al (1997) High-resolution MR imaging of the vagina. Radiographics 17:1183–1203CrossRef
13.
Gomes AL, Silveira Onofre L, de Souza Leão JQ et al (2013) Clitoral anomalies not associated with disorders of sex development. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep 1:403–405CrossRef
14.
Moshiri M, Chapman T, Fechner PY et al (2012) Evaluation and management of disorders of sex development: multidisciplinary approach to a complex diagnosis. Radiographics 32:1599–1618CrossRefPubMed
15.
Nelson KL, McQuillan SK, Brain P (2016) Literature review of periclitoral cysts in the prepubertal population. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 29:558–561CrossRefPubMed
16.
17.
Kato H, Kanematsu M, Sato E et al (2010) Magnetic resonance imaging findings of fibroepithelial polyp of the vulva: radiological-pathological correlation. Jpn J Radiol 28:609–612CrossRefPubMed
18.
McQuillan SK, Grover SR, Pyman J, Jayasinghe YL (2016) Literature review of benign Müllerian papilloma contrasted with vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 29:333–337CrossRefPubMed
19.
Creasman WT, Phillips JL, Menck HR (1998) The National Cancer Data Base report on cancer of the vagina. Cancer 83:1033–1040CrossRefPubMed
20.
Liu QY, Huang L, Lin XF et al (2013) Clinical manifestations and MRI features of vaginal endodermal sinus tumors in four children. Pediatr Radiol 43:983–990CrossRefPubMed
21.
Bhattacharya S, Dasgupta S, Pramanik S, Ghosh P (2016) Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina - not associated with diethylstilbestrol exposure. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 5:4061–4063CrossRef
22.
Donnelly LF, Gylys-Morin VM, Warner BW, Hillard PJ (1998) Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in a 5-year-old girl: imaging findings. Clin Radiol 53:69–72CrossRefPubMed
23.
24.
Arndt CA, Donaldson SS, Anderson JR et al (2001) What constitutes optimal therapy for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genital tract? Cancer 91:2454–2468CrossRefPubMed
25.
Sachedina A, Chan A, MacGregor D et al (2018) More than grapes and bleeding: an updated look at pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma in young women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 31:522–525CrossRefPubMed
26.
Liu Q, Yang J, Tao T et al (2012) The clinical features and treatment of endodermal sinus tumor of vagina. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 165:130–131CrossRefPubMed
27.
Arora M, Shrivastav RK, Jaiprakash MP (2002) A rare germ-cell tumor site: vaginal endodermal sinus tumor. Pediatr Surg Int 18:521–523CrossRefPubMed
28.
Subrahmanya NB, Kapadi SN, Junaid TA (2011) Primary yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumour of the vulva: a case report. Med Princ Pract 20:90–92CrossRefPubMed
29.
Sultan C, Gaspari L, Maimoun L et al (2018) Disorders of puberty. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 48:62–89CrossRefPubMed
30.
Altcheck A, Deligdisch L, Norton K et al (2007) Prepubertal unilateral fibrous hyperplasia of the labium majus: report of eight cases and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 110:103–108CrossRef
31.
Gokli A, Neuman J, Lukse R et al (2016) Childhood asymmetrical labium majus enlargement sonographic and MR imaging appearances. Pediatr Radiol 46:674–679CrossRefPubMed
32.
Heller DS, Bean S (2014) Lesions of the Bartholin gland: a review. J Low Genit Tract Dis 18:351–357CrossRefPubMed
33.
Sameshima YT, Yamanari MG, Silva MA et al (2017) The challenging sonographic inguinal canal evaluation in neonates and children: an update of differential diagnoses. Pediatr Radiol 47:461–472CrossRefPubMed
34.
Robinson A, Light D, Nice C (2013) Meta-analysis of sonography in the diagnosis of inguinal hernias. J Ultrasound Med 32:339–346CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Imaging of diseases of the vagina and external genitalia in children
Authors
João Matos
Cinzia Orazi
Fiammetta Sertorio
Gianmichele Magnano
Paolo Toma
Claudio Granata
Publication date
01-05-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Radiology / Issue 6/2019
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-018-4324-4

Other articles of this Issue 6/2019

Pediatric Radiology 6/2019 Go to the issue

Original Article

Diagnostic accuracy of non-contrast magnetic resonance enterography in detecting active bowel inflammation in pediatric patients with diagnosed or suspected inflammatory bowel disease to determine necessity of gadolinium-based contrast agents

Original Article

What’s missing? An analysis of pediatric radiology fellowship website utility and recruitment potential

Original Article

Computed tomography texture features can discriminate benign from malignant lymphadenopathy in pediatric patients: a preliminary study

Obituary

Giulio (Dan) J. D’Angio, MD (1922–2018)

Commentary

Pediatric radiologists and burnout: identifying stressors and moving forward

Original Article

Clinical experience with two-point mDixon turbo spin echo as an alternative to conventional turbo spin echo for magnetic resonance imaging of the pediatric knee