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Osteoporosis International
Published in: Osteoporosis International 4/2017

01-04-2017 | Review

Vertebral cross-sectional area: an orphan phenotype with potential implications for female spinal health

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Issue 4/2017

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Abstract

A high priority in imaging-based research is the identification of the structural basis that confers greater risk for spinal disorders. New evidence indicates that factors related to sex influence the fetal development of the axial skeleton. Girls are born with smaller vertebral cross-sectional area compared to boys—a sexual dimorphism that is present throughout life and independent of body size. The smaller female vertebra is associated with greater flexibility of the spine that could represent the human adaptation to fetal load. It also likely contributes to the higher prevalence of spinal deformities, such as exaggerated lordosis and progressive scoliosis in adolescent girls when compared to boys, and to the greater susceptibility for spinal osteoporosis and vertebral fractures in elderly women than men.
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Metadata
Title
Vertebral cross-sectional area: an orphan phenotype with potential implications for female spinal health
Publication date
01-04-2017
Published in
Osteoporosis International / Issue 4/2017
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3832-z

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