Published in:
01-11-2013 | Original Article
Profiles of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in Japanese men and women: association with biological, environmental, and nutritional factors and coexisting disorders: the ROAD study
Published in: Osteoporosis International | Issue 11/2013
Login to get accessAbstract
Summary
Assessments of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in 1,683 Japanese from a population-based cohort revealed prevalences of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were 81.3 and 1.2 %, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with female sex, examined month, current smoking, lack of regular walking, higher intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and poor daily vitamin D intake.
Introduction
To clarify the characteristics of subjects with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency among men and women in the general Japanese population.
Methods
We initiated research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability (ROAD), a large-scale population-based cohort study, in 2005–2007. Blood examination was performed to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and iPTH levels and biochemical markers of bone turnover in 1,683 participants (595 men, 1,088 women). Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire, measurements of bone mineral density, and x-ray examination. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were defined by serum 25D levels <10 and ≥10 but <30 ng/mL, respectively.
Results
The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was 81.3 and 1.2 %, respectively. Multinominal logistic regression analyses using potentially confounding variables revealed vitamin D insufficiency was significantly associated with age (+1 year, relative risk ratio, 0.98; 95 % confidence interval, 0.96–0.99), gender (women vs. men, 2.28; 1.59–3.30), residing areas (coastal area vs. mountainous area, 0.58; 0.41–0.81), examined month (October, November, December vs. January, 0.51; 0.34–0.76), and serum levels of iPTH (+1 pg/mL, 1.02; 1.01–1.03). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly characterised by female sex (20.5; 3.1–136.7), examined month (0.28; 0.09–0.95), current smoking habit (6.39; 1.78–23.0), lack of regular outside walking (3.96; 1.34–11.7), higher iPTH (1.02; 1.01–1.03) and poor daily vitamin D intake (+10 μg/day, 0.48; 0.24–0.93).
Conclusions
A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and a low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency were found in Japanese men and women, and the characteristics of vitamin D status were clarified.