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01-03-2013 | Review

Prevention of falls in the elderly—a review

Authors: M. K. Karlsson, H. Magnusson, T. von Schewelov, B. E. Rosengren

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Issue 3/2013

Abstract

The proportion of elderly in the society increases and fall frequency increases with advancing age. Many falls result in fractures and also soft tissue injuries, longstanding pain, functional impairment, reduced quality of life, increased mortality, and excess in healthcare costs. Due to the magnitude of these negative effects, a variety of single- and multicomponent fall-preventive intervention programs has been initiated.This review identifies programs that, in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), have been shown with fall-reductive effects.The most effective strategies in community-dwelling elderly include regular physical training with program that includes several different training modalities. Modification of the overall or patient-specific risk factor profile in home hazard modification program has been proven to decrease fall risk in community-living elderly. The elderly in the community benefit also from wearing antislip shoe devices when walking in icy conditions, from adjustment of psychotropic medication, and from structured modification of multipharmacy. If vitamin D levels in blood are low, supplementation is beneficial as is the first eye cataract surgery and pacemaker implantation in patients with cardioinhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity. In addition to modification of specific risk factors, generalized and individualized multifactorial preventive programs, all including some sort of physical training, have been found to decrease the fall risk. In summary, there is now strong evidence in the literature that structured fall-preventive programs in the elderly, especially in high-risk groups, are beneficial in reducing both the number of fallers and the number of falls in community.

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Title: Prevention of falls in the elderly—a review
Authors: M. K. Karlsson
H. Magnusson
T. von Schewelov
B. E. Rosengren
Publication date: 01-03-2013
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Osteoporosis International / Issue 3/2013
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2256-7

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Prevention of falls in the elderly—a review

Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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Prevalence and risk factors of radiographic vertebral fractures in elderly Chinese men and women: results of Mr. OS (Hong Kong) and Ms. OS (Hong Kong) studies

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Effect of oral cholecalciferol 2,000 versus 5,000 IU on serum vitamin D, PTH, bone and muscle strength in patients with vitamin D deficiency

The effects of organic nitrates on osteoporosis: a systematic review

Effect of a multifactorial fall-and-fracture risk assessment and management program on gait and balance performances and disability in hospitalized older adults: a controlled study

Undercarboxylated osteocalcin is positively associated with free testosterone in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus