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Published in: Intensive Care Medicine 12/2018

01-12-2018 | Original

Unrecognised myocardial infarction and its relationship to outcome in critically ill patients with cardiovascular disease

Authors: Annemarie B. Docherty, Shirjel Alam, Anoop S. Shah, Alastair Moss, David E. Newby, Nicholas L. Mills, Simon J. Stanworth, Nazir I. Lone, Timothy S. Walsh, the TROPICCAL Investigators

Published in: Intensive Care Medicine | Issue 12/2018

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Abstract

Purpose

To establish the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in ICU patients with co-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD), and explore its association with long-term survival.

Methods

In a multi-centre prospective cohort study in 11 UK ICUs, we enrolled 273 critically ill patients with co-existing CVD. We measured troponin I (cTnI) with a high sensitivity assay for 10 days; ECGs were carried out daily for 5 days and analysed by blinded cardiologists for dynamic changes. Data were combined to diagnose myocardial ‘infarction’, ‘injury’ or ‘no injury’ according to the third universal definition of MI. Patients were followed-up for 6 months. Regression and mediation analyses were used to explore relationships between acute physiological derangements, MI, and mortality.

Results

cTnI was detected in all patients, with a rise/fall pattern consistent with an acute hit. In 73% of patients, this peaked on days 1–3 [median 114 ng/l (first, third quartiles: 27, 393)]. Serial ECGs indicated 24.2% (n = 66) of patients experienced MI, but > 95% were unrecognized by clinical teams. Type 2 MI was the most likely aetiology in all cases. A further 46.1% (n = 126) experienced injury (no ECG changes). Injury and MI were both associated with 6-month mortality (reference: no injury): OR injury 2.28 (95% CI 1.06–4.92, p = 0.035), OR MI 2.70 (95% CI 1.11–6.55, p = 0.028). Mediation analysis suggested MI partially mediated the relationship between acute physiological derangement and 6-month mortality (p = 0.002), suggesting a possible causal association.

Conclusions

Undiagnosed MI occurs in around a quarter of critically ill patients with co-existing CVD and is associated with lower long-term survival.
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Metadata
Title
Unrecognised myocardial infarction and its relationship to outcome in critically ill patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors
Annemarie B. Docherty
Shirjel Alam
Anoop S. Shah
Alastair Moss
David E. Newby
Nicholas L. Mills
Simon J. Stanworth
Nazir I. Lone
Timothy S. Walsh
the TROPICCAL Investigators
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Intensive Care Medicine / Issue 12/2018
Print ISSN: 0342-4642
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1238
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-018-5425-0

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