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Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

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01-03-2014 | Original Paper

The factor structure of the CES-D in a sample of Rwandan genocide survivors

Authors: Justin J. Lacasse, Marie J. C. Forgeard, Nuwan Jayawickreme, Eranda Jayawickreme

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 3/2014

Abstract

Background

Past research suggests that culture shapes the way psychopathology is experienced and expressed. Standard psychiatric assessment instruments may therefore not capture the same underlying constructs in different contexts. The present study investigated the factor structure of a standard depression scale in a sample of Rwandan genocide survivors.

Methods

One hundred ninety six Rwandan adults provided socio-demographic information and completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), one of the most widely used self-report instruments assessing depressive symptoms, as part of a larger study on well-being and mental health in Rwanda.

Results

A two-factor solution provided the best fit for these CES-D data. The first factor corresponded to general depressive symptoms (including depressed affect, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal concerns) and explained 37.20 % of the variance. The second factor included items assessing positive affect and explained 8.68 % of the variance.

Conclusions

The two-factor solution found in the present study deviates from the commonly reported four-factor structure, but is consistent with studies showing that depressed affect and somatic symptoms may not be experienced as distinct in certain non-Western and minority cultural groups.

We also reverse-coded this item to examine the resulting factor reliability, which was improved (Cronbach’s α = 0.71). However, this item still displayed a lower corrected item-total correlation (r = 0.19) than all four other items (all r _s = 0.51−0.63). Furthermore, it remained unclear whether the content of this item was meaningfully related to the content of the four positive affect items. Given these limitations, we decided to exclude this item from the final solution.

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Title: The factor structure of the CES-D in a sample of Rwandan genocide survivors
Authors: Justin J. Lacasse
Marie J. C. Forgeard
Nuwan Jayawickreme
Eranda Jayawickreme
Publication date: 01-03-2014
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0766-z

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The factor structure of the CES-D in a sample of Rwandan genocide survivors

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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