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Diabetologia
Published in: Diabetologia 11/2018

01-11-2018 | Article

Associations of maternal type 1 diabetes with childhood adiposity and metabolic health in the offspring: a prospective cohort study

Authors: Anitha Pitchika, Manja Jolink, Christiane Winkler, Sandra Hummel, Nadine Hummel, Jan Krumsiek, Gabi Kastenmüller, Jennifer Raab, Olga Kordonouri, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Andreas Beyerlein

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 11/2018

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

Exposure to an intrauterine hyperglycaemic environment has been suggested to increase the offspring’s later risk for being overweight or having metabolic abnormalities, but conclusive evidence for pregnancies affected by maternal type 1 diabetes is still lacking. This study aims to analyse the relationship between maternal type 1 diabetes and the offspring’s metabolic health and investigate whether birthweight and/or changes in the offspring’s metabolome are in the potential pathway.

Methods

We analysed data from 610 and 2169 offspring having a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes from the TEENDIAB and BABYDIAB/BABYDIET cohorts, respectively. Anthropometric and metabolic outcomes, assessed longitudinally at 0.3–18 years of age, were compared between offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes and offspring of non-diabetic mothers but with fathers or siblings with type 1 diabetes using mixed regression models. Non-targeted metabolomic measurements were carried out in 500 individuals from TEENDIAB and analysed with maternal type 1 diabetes and offspring overweight status.

Results

The offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes had a higher BMI SD score (SDS) and an increased risk for being overweight than the offspring of non-diabetic mothers (e.g. OR for overweight status in TEENDIAB 2.40 [95% CI 1.41, 4.06]). Further, waist circumference SDS, fasting levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide, and insulin resistance and abdominal obesity were significantly increased in the offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes, even when adjusted for potential confounders and birthweight. Metabolite patterns related to androgenic steroids and branched-chain amino acids were found to be associated with offspring’s overweight status, but no significant associations were observed between maternal type 1 diabetes and metabolite concentrations in the offspring.

Conclusions/interpretation

Maternal type 1 diabetes is associated with offspring’s overweight status and metabolic health in later life, but this is unlikely to be caused by alterations in the offspring’s metabolome.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Associations of maternal type 1 diabetes with childhood adiposity and metabolic health in the offspring: a prospective cohort study
Authors
Anitha Pitchika
Manja Jolink
Christiane Winkler
Sandra Hummel
Nadine Hummel
Jan Krumsiek
Gabi Kastenmüller
Jennifer Raab
Olga Kordonouri
Anette-Gabriele Ziegler
Andreas Beyerlein
Publication date
01-11-2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Diabetologia / Issue 11/2018
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4688-x

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