Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Diabetologia
Published in: Diabetologia 7/2015

01-07-2015 | Article

Maternal overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring of parents without diabetes regardless of ethnicity

Authors: Hozan I. Hussen, Martina Persson, Tahereh Moradi

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 7/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

The incidence of type 1 diabetes in children is increasing in Sweden, as is the prevalence of maternal overweight/obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if maternal overweight/obesity increases the risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring of parents with and without diabetes, and of different ethnicities.

Methods

The study cohort comprised 1,263,358 children, born in Sweden between 1992 and 2004. Children were followed from birth until diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, emigration, death or end of follow-up in 2009, whichever occurred first. First trimester maternal BMI was calculated (kg/m2). Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CI for type 1 diabetes in the offspring.

Results

The risk of type 1 diabetes was increased in offspring of parents with any type of diabetes regardless of parental ethnicity. High first trimester maternal BMI was associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes only in offspring of parents without diabetes (IRR 1.33 [95% CI 1.20, 1.48]).

Conclusions/Interpretation

Increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes in children with non-diabetic parents may partly be explained by increasing prevalence of maternal overweight/obesity.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
WHO Multinational Project for Childhood Diabetes (DIAMOND) Research Group (2006) Incidence and trends of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990-1999. Diabet Med 23:857-866
2.
Hussen HI, Persson M, Moradi T (2013) The trends and the risk of type 1 diabetes over the past 40 years: an analysis by birth cohorts and by parental migration background in Sweden. BMJ Open 3:e003418PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
3.
4.
Knip M, Veijola R, Virtanen SM, Hyoty H, Vaarala O, Akerblom HK (2005) Environmental triggers and determinants of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 54(Suppl 2):S125–S136PubMedCrossRef
5.
Cardwell CR, Carson DJ, Patterson CC (2005) Parental age at delivery, birth order, birth weight and gestational age are associated with the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes: a UK regional retrospective cohort study. Diabet Med 22:200–206PubMedCrossRef
6.
Dahlquist G, Kallen B (1992) Maternal-child blood group incompatibility and other perinatal events increase the risk for early-onset type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 35:671–675PubMedCrossRef
7.
Hypponen E (2010) Vitamin D and increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes-evidence for an association? Diabetes Obes Metab 12:737–743PubMedCrossRef
8.
9.
Dahlquist G, Blom L, Tuvemo T, Nystrom L, Sandstrom A, Wall S (1989) The Swedish childhood diabetes study—results from a nine year case register and a one year case-referent study indicating that type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is associated with both type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and autoimmune disorders. Diabetologia 32:2–6PubMedCrossRef
10.
Rasmussen T, Stene LC, Samuelsen SO et al (2009) Maternal BMI before pregnancy, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and risk of persistent positivity for multiple diabetes-associated autoantibodies in children with the high-risk HLA genotype: the MIDIA study. Diabetes Care 32:1904–1906PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
11.
D’Angeli MA, Merzon E, Valbuena LF, Tirschwell D, Paris CA, Mueller BA (2010) Environmental factors associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: an exploration of the hygiene and overload hypotheses. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 164:732–738PubMedCentralPubMed
12.
Arkkola T, Kautiainen S, Takkinen HM et al (2011) Relationship of maternal weight status and weight gain rate during pregnancy to the development of advanced beta cell autoimmunity in the offspring: a prospective birth cohort study. Pediatr Diabetes 12:478–484PubMedCrossRef
13.
Beiki O, Stegmayr B, Moradi T (2011) Country reports: Sweden. In: Razum O, Spallek J, Reeske A, Arnold M (eds) Migration-sensitive cancer registration in Europe. Lang, Pieterlen, pp 106–123
14.
Johannesson I (2002) The total population register of statistics Sweden. New possibilities and better quality. Statistics Sweden, Örebro
15.
16.
17.
18.
Socialstyrelsen (2007) Causes of death, The National Board of Health and Welfare, Centre for Epidemiology. Official Statistics of Sweden
19.
The Multi-Generation Registry (2001) Bakgrundsfakta till befolknings-ochvälfärdsstatistik. Statistska Centralbyrån, Örebro [article in Swedish]
20.
James PT, Leach R, Kalamara E, Shayeghi M (2001) The worldwide obesity epidemic. Obes Res 9(Suppl 4):S228–S233CrossRef
21.
Marsal K, Persson PH, Larsen T, Lilja H, Selbing A, Sultan B (1996) Intrauterine growth curves based on ultrasonically estimated foetal weights. Acta Paediatr 85:843–848PubMedCrossRef
22.
McKinney PA, Parslow R, Gurney K, Law G, Bodansky HJ, Williams DR (1997) Antenatal risk factors for childhood diabetes mellitus; a case-control study of medical record data in Yorkshire, UK. Diabetologia 40:933–939PubMedCrossRef
23.
Ziegler AG, Bonifacio E, Group B-BS (2012) Age-related islet autoantibody incidence in offspring of patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 55:1937–1943PubMedCrossRef
24.
Hussen HI, Yang D, Cnattingius S, Moradi T (2013) Type I diabetes among children and young adults: the role of country of birth, socioeconomic position and sex. Pediatr Diabetes 14:138–148PubMedCrossRef
25.
Rolandsson O, Norberg M, Nystrom L et al (2012) How to diagnose and classify diabetes in primary health care: lessons learned from the Diabetes Register in Northern Sweden (DiabNorth). Scand J Prim Health Care 30:81–87PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
26.
Algert CS, McElduff A, Morris JM, Roberts CL (2009) Perinatal risk factors for early onset of type 1 diabetes in a 2000-2005 birth cohort. Diabet Med 26:1193–1197PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
27.
Wagener DK, Sacks JM, LaPorte RE, Macgregor JM (1982) The Pittsburgh study of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Risk for diabetes among relatives of IDDM. Diabetes 31:136–144PubMedCrossRef
28.
Warram JH, Krolewski AS, Gottlieb MS, Kahn CR (1984) Differences in risk of insulin-dependent diabetes in offspring of diabetic mothers and diabetic fathers. N Engl J Med 311:149–152PubMedCrossRef
29.
Harjutsalo V, Reunanen A, Tuomilehto J (2006) Differential transmission of type 1 diabetes from diabetic fathers and mothers to their offspring. Diabetes 55:1517–1524PubMedCrossRef
30.
Larsson K, Elding-Larsson H, Cederwall E et al (2004) Genetic and perinatal factors as risk for childhood type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 20:429–437PubMedCrossRef
31.
Dahlquist G, Bennich SS, Kallen B (1996) Intrauterine growth pattern and risk of childhood onset insulin dependent (type I) diabetes: population based case-control study. BMJ 313:1174–1177PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
32.
Dahlquist GG, Pundziute-Lycka A, Nystrom L (2005) Birthweight and risk of type 1 diabetes in children and young adults: a population-based register study. Diabetologia 48:1114–1117PubMedCrossRef
33.
34.
Toschke AM, Ehlin A, Koletzko B, Montgomery SM (2007) Paternal smoking is associated with a decreased prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus among offspring in two national British birth cohort studies (NCDS and BCS70). J Perinat Med 35:43–47PubMedCrossRef
35.
Haynes A, Cooper MN, Bower C, Jones TW, Davis EA (2014) Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia. Diabetologia 57:469–472PubMedCrossRef
36.
Duffus GM, MacGillivray I (1968) The incidence of pre-eclamptic toxaemia in smokers and non-smokers. Lancet 1:994–995PubMedCrossRef
37.
Dahlquist GG, Patterson C, Soltesz G (1999) Perinatal risk factors for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe. The EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group. Diabetes Care 22:1698–1702PubMedCrossRef
38.
McKinney PA, Parslow R, Gurney KA, Law GR, Bodansky HJ, Williams R (1999) Perinatal and neonatal determinants of childhood type 1 diabetes. A case-control study in Yorkshire, U.K. Diabetes Care 22:928–932PubMedCrossRef
39.
Sewell MF, Huston-Presley L, Amini SB, Catalano PM (2007) Body mass index: a true indicator of body fat in obese gravidas. J Reprod Med 52:907–911PubMed
40.
Jarvie E, Hauguel-de-Mouzon S, Nelson SM, Sattar N, Catalano PM, Freeman DJ (2010) Lipotoxicity in obese pregnancy and its potential role in adverse pregnancy outcome and obesity in the offspring. Clin Sci (Lond) 119:123–129CrossRef
41.
Brandt S, Moss A, Lennerz B et al (2014) Plasma insulin levels in childhood are related to maternal factors—results of the Ulm Birth Cohort Study. Pediatr Diabetes 15:453–463PubMedCrossRef
42.
Catalano PM, Presley L, Minium J, Hauguel-de Mouzon S (2009) Fetuses of obese mothers develop insulin resistance in utero. Diabetes Care 32:1076–1080PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
43.
Plagemann A (2008) A matter of insulin: developmental programming of body weight regulation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 21:143–148PubMedCrossRef
44.
Stamnes Koepp UM, Frost Andersen L, Dahl-Joergensen K, Stigum H, Nass O, Nystad W (2012) Maternal pre-pregnant body mass index, maternal weight change and offspring birthweight. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 91:243–249PubMedCrossRef
45.
Stene LC, Magnus P, Lie RT, Sovik O, Joner G, Norwegian childhood Diabetes Study G (2001) Birth weight and childhood onset type 1 diabetes: population based cohort study. BMJ 322:889–892PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
46.
Carlsson A, Kockum I, Lindblad B et al (2012) Low risk HLA-DQ and increased body mass index in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study in Sweden. Int J Obes (Lond) 36:718–724CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Maternal overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring of parents without diabetes regardless of ethnicity
Authors
Hozan I. Hussen
Martina Persson
Tahereh Moradi
Publication date
01-07-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Diabetologia / Issue 7/2015
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3580-1

Other articles of this Issue 7/2015

Diabetologia 7/2015 Go to the issue

Article

Increased metabolic risk in adolescent offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes: the EPICOM study

Systematic Review

The effect of anaemia and abnormalities of erythrocyte indices on HbA1c analysis: a systematic review

Letter

Comparison of HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% and disposition index between US white men and Japanese men in Japan in the ERA JUMP study: was the calculation of disposition index legitimate?

Article

Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8)/betatrophin overexpression does not increase beta cell proliferation in mice

Article

Deletion of the gene for adiponectin accelerates diabetic nephropathy in the Ins2 +/C96Y mouse

Article

LKB1 couples glucose metabolism to insulin secretion in mice
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits