Published in:
01-03-2010 | Article
Predictive power of screening for antibodies against insulinoma-associated protein 2 beta (IA-2β) and zinc transporter-8 to select first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients with risk of rapid progression to clinical onset of the disease: implications for prevention trials
Authors:
J. De Grijse, M. Asanghanwa, B. Nouthe, N. Albrecher, P. Goubert, I. Vermeulen, S. Van Der Meeren, K. Decochez, I. Weets, B. Keymeulen, V. Lampasona, J. Wenzlau, J. C. Hutton, D. Pipeleers, F. K. Gorus, the Belgian Diabetes Registry
Published in:
Diabetologia
|
Issue 3/2010
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Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We investigated whether screening for insulinoma-associated protein (IA-2) beta (IA-2β) autoantibodies (IA-2βA) and zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) autoantibodies (ZnT8A) improves identification of first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients with a high 5-year disease risk, which to date has been based on assays for insulin autoantibodies (IAA), GAD autoantibodies (GADA) and IA-2 autoantibodies (IA-2A).
Methods
IA-2βA and ZnT8A (using a ZnT8 carboxy-terminal hybrid construct, CW-CR, carrying 325Arg and 325Trp) were determined by radiobinding assay in 409 IAA+, GADA+ and/or IA-2A+ siblings or offspring (<40 years) of type 1 diabetic patients consecutively recruited by the Belgian Diabetes Registry. The median (interquartile range) age of the first-degree relatives was 12 (6–19) years.
Results
Of the first-degree relatives, 24% were IA-2A+ (n = 97), 14% (n = 59) IA-2βA+ and 20% (n = 80) ZnT8A+. IA-2βA and ZnT8A were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with IA-2A and prediabetes (n = 86); in IA-2A− first-degree relatives (n = 312) the presence of IA-2βA and ZnT8A was associated with an increased progression rate to diabetes (p < 0.001). Positivity for IA-2A and/or ZnT8A emerged as the most sensitive combination of two markers to identify first-degree relatives with a 5-year progression rate to diabetes of 45% (survival analysis) and as strongest predictor of diabetes (Cox regression analysis). Omission of first-degree relatives protected by HLA-DQ genotypes or maternal diabetes reduced the group to be followed from n = 409 to n = 246 (40%) with minor loss in the number of prediabetic IA-2A+ or ZnT8A+ first-degree relatives identified (n = 3).
Conclusions/interpretation
IA-2A+ and/or ZnT8A+ first-degree relatives may be the participants of choice in future secondary prevention trials with immunointervention in relatives of type 1 diabetic patients.