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Diabetologia
Published in: Diabetologia 3/2005

01-03-2005 | Article

High glucose and hydrogen peroxide increase c-Myc and haeme-oxygenase 1 mRNA levels in rat pancreatic islets without activating NFκB

Authors: H. Elouil, A. K. Cardozo, D. L. Eizirik, J. C. Henquin, J. C. Jonas

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 3/2005

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

Hyperglycaemia and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β induce similar alterations of beta cell gene expression, including up-regulation of c-Myc and haeme-oxygenase 1. These effects of hyperglycaemia may result from nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) activation by oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, we compared the effects of IL-1β, high glucose, and hydrogen peroxide, on NFκB DNA binding activity and target gene mRNA levels in cultured rat islets.

Methods

Rat islets were pre-cultured for 1 week in serum-free RPMI medium containing 10 mmol/l glucose, and further cultured in glucose concentrations of 5–30 mmol/l plus various test substances. Islet NFκB activity was measured by ELISA and gene mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR.

Results

IL-1β consistently increased islet NFκB activity and c-Myc, haeme-oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Fas, and inhibitor of NFκB alpha (IκBα) mRNA levels. In comparison, 1- to 7-day culture in 30 mmol/l instead of 10 mmol/l glucose stimulated islet c-Myc and haeme-oxygenase 1 expression without affecting NFκB activity or iNOS and IκBα mRNA levels. Fas mRNA levels only increased after 1 week in 30 mmol/l glucose. Overnight exposure to hydrogen peroxide mimicked the effects of 30 mmol/l glucose on haeme-oxygenase 1 and c-Myc mRNA levels without activating NFκB. On the other hand, the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine inhibited the stimulation of haeme-oxygenase 1 and c-Myc expression by 30 mmol/l glucose and/or hydrogen peroxide.

Conclusions/interpretation

In contrast to IL-1β, high glucose and hydrogen peroxide do not activate NFκB in cultured rat islets. It is suggested that the stimulation of islet c-Myc and haeme-oxygenase 1 expression by 30 mmol/l glucose results from activation of a distinct, probably oxidative-stress-dependent signalling pathway.
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Metadata
Title
High glucose and hydrogen peroxide increase c-Myc and haeme-oxygenase 1 mRNA levels in rat pancreatic islets without activating NFκB
Authors
H. Elouil
A. K. Cardozo
D. L. Eizirik
J. C. Henquin
J. C. Jonas
Publication date
01-03-2005
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Diabetologia / Issue 3/2005
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-004-1664-4

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