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Inflammation Research
Published in: Inflammation Research 8/2012

01-08-2012 | Original Research Paper

Local and systemic pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine patterns in patients with chronic subdural hematoma: a prospective study

Authors: Milo Stanisic, Ansgar Oddne Aasen, Are Hugo Pripp, Karl-Fredrik Lindegaard, Jon Ramm-Pettersen, Staale Petter Lyngstadaas, Jugoslav Ivanovic, Ane Konglund, Eivind Ilstad, Tiril Sandell, Omar Ellingsen, Terje Sæhle

Published in: Inflammation Research | Issue 8/2012

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Abstract

Objective and design

Innate immune pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in patients with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) were investigated by measuring and comparing the systemic and subdural fluid levels of cytokines.

Materials and method

Cytokine values were analyzed in samples obtained during surgery of 56 adult patients who were operated on for unilateral CSDHs using a Multiplex antibody bead kit.

Results

There were significantly higher levels of the pro-inflammatory IL-2R (p = 0.004), IL-5 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), and IL-7 (p < 0.001), and anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10 (p < 0.001) and IL-13 (p = 0.002) in CSDH fluid compared with systemic levels. The pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha (p < 0.001), IL-1beta (p < 0.001), IL-2 (p = 0.007) and IL-4 (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in hematoma fluid compared with systemic levels. The ratios between pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines were statistically significant higher in CSDH (7.8) compared with systemic levels (1.3).

Conclusions

The innate immune responses occur both locally at the site of CSDH, as well as systematically in patients with CSDH. The local hyper-inflammatory and low anti-inflammatory responses exist simultaneously. The findings suggest poorly coordinated innate immune responses at the site of CSDH that may lead to propagating of local inflammatory process and basically contribute to formation and progression of CSDH.
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Metadata
Title
Local and systemic pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine patterns in patients with chronic subdural hematoma: a prospective study
Authors
Milo Stanisic
Ansgar Oddne Aasen
Are Hugo Pripp
Karl-Fredrik Lindegaard
Jon Ramm-Pettersen
Staale Petter Lyngstadaas
Jugoslav Ivanovic
Ane Konglund
Eivind Ilstad
Tiril Sandell
Omar Ellingsen
Terje Sæhle
Publication date
01-08-2012
Publisher
SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel
Published in
Inflammation Research / Issue 8/2012
Print ISSN: 1023-3830
Electronic ISSN: 1420-908X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-012-0476-0

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