Top

Published in:

Open Access 16-11-2023 | Anesthesia, Pain Management and Long-term Outcomes (VNR Gottumukkala and ER Mariano, Section Editors)

Chronic Disease Management and Optimization of Functional Status Before Surgery: Does This Improve Long-Term Postoperative Outcomes?

Authors: Eleanor Warwick, Suneetha Ramani Moonesinghe

Published in: Current Anesthesiology Reports | Issue 4/2023

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

Perioperative care is facing many challenges; these include long surgical wait times, an increasing demand for surgery, a more complex perioperative population, and increased health inequalities. As perioperative care providers, we have an opportunity to shape the future of perioperative care and address these challenges by working to improve the health of those presenting for surgery.

Recent Findings

There is equipoise in the literature on the impact of chronic disease management and functional status optimization, but we feel that it is now time to embed these concepts into perioperative care and up-to-date guidance and policy support this.

Summary

Clinicians have the opportunity to improve the care of complex patients in the perioperative period, and they can contribute to the development of robust, equitable, and streamlined perioperative pathways. However, perioperative care also affords the opportunity to engage, educate, and empower patients in their health looking beyond purely surgical outcomes, aiming for improved long-term health management and behavioural modification.

Jones KR, Burney RE, Christy B. Patient expectations for surgery: are they being met? Jt Comm J Qual Improv. 2000;26(6):349–60.PubMed

2.•

Moonesinghe SR. The anesthesiologist as public health physician. Anesth Analg. 2023;136(4):675. A recent editorial that elegantly highlights how the role of the anaesthesiologist is evolving and how it is imperative that we think about how best to help our patients in the perioperative period but also how this may impact their care in the future and may be a platform to begin to expose and address health inequalities.PubMedCrossRef

Lee PHU, Gawande AA. The number of surgical procedures in an American lifetime in 3 States. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;207(3, Supplement):S75.

COVIDSurg Collaborative. Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans. Br J Surg. 2020;107(11):1440–9.

Bilimoria KY, Ko CY, Tomlinson JS, Stewart AK, Talamonti MS, Hynes DL, et al. Wait times for cancer surgery in the United States: trends and predictors of delays. Ann Surg. 2011;253(4):779–85.PubMedCrossRef

Gurewich D, Beilstein-Wedel E, Shwartz M, Davila H, Rosen AK. Disparities in wait times for care among US veterans by race and ethnicity. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1):e2252061.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

NHS Key Statistics: England, July 2023 - House of Commons Library [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 24]. Available from: https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7281/.

Kane AD, Soar J, Armstrong RA, Kursumovic E, Davies MT, Oglesby FC, et al. Patient characteristics, anaesthetic workload and techniques in the UK: an analysis from the 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) activity survey. Anaesthesia. 2023;78(6):701–11.PubMedCrossRef

CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 21]. Obesity is a common, serious, and costly disease. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html.

10.

Clemmensen C, Petersen MB, Sørensen TIA. Will the COVID-19 pandemic worsen the obesity epidemic? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(9):469–70.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

11.

Waiting for care - The Health Foundation [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 23]. Available from: https://www.health.org.uk/publications/long-reads/waiting-for-care.

12.

Pearse RM, Harrison DA, James P, Watson D, Hinds C, Rhodes A, et al. Identification and characterisation of the high-risk surgical population in the United Kingdom. Crit Care Lond Engl. 2006;10(3):R81.CrossRef

13.

Abbott TEF, Fowler AJ, Dobbs TD, Harrison EM, Gillies MA, Pearse RM. Frequency of surgical treatment and related hospital procedures in the UK: a national ecological study using hospital episode statistics. Br J Anaesth. 2017;119(2):249–57.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Gill TM, Wyk BV, Leo-Summers L, Murphy TE, Becher RD. Population-based estimates of 1-year mortality after major surgery among community-living older US adults. JAMA Surg. 2022;157(12):e225155.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

15.

Quantifying health inequalities in England [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 29]. Available from: https://www.health.org.uk/news-and-comment/charts-and-infographics/quantifying-health-inequalities.

16.

Dickman SL, Himmelstein DU, Woolhandler S. Inequality and the health-care system in the USA. The Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1431–41.CrossRef

17.

Wade C, Malhotra AM, McGuire P, Vincent C, Fowler A. Action on patient safety can reduce health inequalities. BMJ [Internet]. 2022 Mar 29 [cited 2023 Aug 29];376. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj-2021-067090.

18.

Hernandez M, Winicki N, Kadivar A, Alvarez S, Zhang Y, Maguire S, et al. Racial and ethnic variation in referral times for thoracic oncologic surgery in a major metropolitan area. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2023;165(2):482–494.e1.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Health TLP. COVID-19—break the cycle of inequality. Lancet Public Health. 2021;6(2):e82.CrossRef

20.

Mehlmann-Wicks J. The British Medical Association is the trade union and professional body for doctors in the UK. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 23]. The impact of the pandemic on population health and health inequalities. Available from: https://www.bma.org.uk/advice-and-support/covid-19/what-the-bma-is-doing/the-impact-of-the-pandemic-on-population-health-and-health-inequalities.

21.

Radowsky JS, Helou LB, Howard RS, Solomon NP, Stojadinovic A. Racial disparities in voice outcomes after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Surgery. 2013;153(1):103–10.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Curran T, Zhang J, Gebregziabher M, Taber DJ, Marsden JE, Booth A, et al. Surgical outcomes improvement and health inequity in a regional quality collaborative. J Am Coll Surg. 2022;234(4):607–14.PubMedCrossRef

23.

Amirian H, Torquati A, Omotosho P. Racial disparity in 30-day outcomes of metabolic and bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2020;30(3):1011–20.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Marques IC, Wahl TS, Chu DI. Enhanced recovery after surgery and surgical disparities. Surg Clin North Am. 2018;98(6):1223–32.PubMedCrossRef

25.

Poulton TE, Moonesinghe R, Raine R, Martin P. National Emergency Laparotomy Audit project team. Socioeconomic deprivation and mortality after emergency laparotomy: an observational epidemiological study. Br J Anaesth. 2020;124(1):73–83.PubMedCrossRef

26.

Wan YI, McGuckin D, Fowler AJ, Prowle JR, Pearse RM, Moonesinghe SR. Socioeconomic deprivation and long-term outcomes after elective surgery: analysis of prospective data from two observational studies. Br J Anaesth. 2021;126(3):642–51.PubMedCrossRef

27.•

McNally SA, El-Boghdadly K, Kua J, Moonesinghe SR. Preoperative assessment and optimisation: the key to good outcomes after the pandemic. Br J Hosp Med Lond Engl. 2021;82(6):1–2. A recent paper highlighting the crucial role of perioperative care and the perioperative MDT in improving outcomes for surgery postpandemic.CrossRef

28.

Khuri SF, Henderson WG, DePalma RG, Mosca C, Healey NA, Kumbhani DJ, et al. Determinants of long-term survival after major surgery and the adverse effect of postoperative complications. Ann Surg. 2005;242(3):326–41. discussion 341–343.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

29.

Gaudino M, Benesch C, Bakaeen F, DeAnda A, Fremes SE, Glance L, et al. Considerations for reduction of risk of perioperative stroke in adult patients undergoing cardiac and thoracic aortic operations: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation [Internet]. 2020 Oct 6 [cited 2023 Aug 23]; Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000885.

30.

Making sense of the evidence: Multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) - NIHR Evidence [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 23]. Available from: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/collection/making-sense-of-the-evidence-multiple-long-term-conditions-multimorbidity/.

31.

Is poor health driving a rise in economic inactivity? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 23]. Available from: https://www.health.org.uk/news-and-comment/charts-and-infographics/is-poor-health-driving-a-rise-in-economic-inactivity.

32.

Eaton S, Roberts S, Turner B. Delivering person centred care in long term conditions. BMJ. 2015;10(350):h181.CrossRef

33.

The King’s Fund [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 23]. Long-term conditions and multi-morbidity. Available from: https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/time-think-differently/trends-disease-and-disability-long-term-conditions-multi-morbidity.

34.

National Perioperative Care Programme - Getting It Right First Time - GIRFT [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 24]. Available from: https://gettingitrightfirsttime.co.uk/associated_projects/npcp/.

35.

Loughney LA, West MA, Kemp GJ, Grocott MP, Jack S. Exercise interventions for people undergoing multimodal cancer treatment that includes surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Sep 13];(12). Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012280.pub2/full.

36.

Fecher-Jones I. Preoperative education: making every contact count. Br J Hosp Med [Internet]. 2021 Feb 17 [cited 2023 Aug 24]; Available from: https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/10.12968/hmed.2020.0631.

37.

Lee SM, Landry J, Jones PM, Buhrmann O, Morley-Forster P. Long-term quit rates after a perioperative smoking cessation randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2015;120(3):582.PubMedCrossRef

38.

Pritchard MW, Robinson A, Lewis SR, Gibson SV, Chuter A, Copeland R, et al. Perioperative exercise programmes to promote physical activity in the medium to long term: systematic review and qualitative research [Internet]. Southampton (UK): National Institute for Health and Care Research; 2022. [cited 2023 Aug 24]. (Health and Social Care Delivery Research). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582414/.

39.

Perioperative Care – The ‘Holy Grail of Healthcare’ | Centre for Perioperative Care [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 24]. Available from: https://beta.cpoc.org.uk/perioperative-care-holy-grail-healthcare.

40.

Lohr KN. Outcome measurement: concepts and questions. Inq J Med Care Organ Provis Financ. 1988;25(1):37–50.

41.

Boney O, Moonesinghe SR, Myles PS, Grocott MPW, StEP-COMPAC group. Core Outcome Measures for Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (COMPAC): A modified Delphi process to develop a core outcome set for trials in perioperative care and anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2022;128(1):174–85.PubMedCrossRef

42.•

Domenghino A, Walbert C, Birrer DL, Puhan MA, Clavien PA, Outcome4Medicine consensus group. Consensus recommendations on how to assess the quality of surgical interventions. Nat Med. 2023;29(4):811–22. A recent and key paper that discusses the issues with outcome measurement and lack of consensus definition. It discusses the consensus process for defining recommended outcome measures that should be used going forward and how it is imperative that these include patient reported outcomes.

43.

Jackson AIR, Boney O, Pearse RM, Kurz A, Cooper DJ, van Klei WA, et al. Systematic reviews and consensus definitions for the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine (StEP) initiative: mortality, morbidity, and organ failure. Br J Anaesth. 2023;130(4):404–11.PubMedCrossRef

44.

Moonesinghe SR, Jackson AIR, Boney O, Stevenson N, Chan MTV, Cook TM, et al. Systematic review and consensus definitions for the standardised endpoints in perioperative medicine initiative: Patient-centred outcomes. Br J Anaesth. 2019;123(5):664–70.PubMedCrossRef

45.

Jaensson M, Nilsson U, Dahlberg K. Methods and timing in the assessment of postoperative recovery: a scoping review. Br J Anaesth. 2022;129(1):92–103.PubMedCrossRef

46.

Bowyer AJ, Royse CF. Postoperative recovery and outcomes--what are we measuring and for whom? Anaesthesia. 2016;71(Suppl 1):72–7.PubMedCrossRef

47.

Shuhaiber JH. Quality measurement of outcome in general surgery revisited: commentary and proposal. Arch Surg Chic Ill 1960. 2002;137(1):52–4.

48.

Myles PS. Perioperative outcomes: Are we asking the right questions? Can J Anaesth J Can Anesth. 2016;63(2):138–41.CrossRef

49.

Cutti S, Klersy C, Favalli V, Cobianchi L, Muzzi A, Rettani M, et al. A multidimensional approach of surgical mortality assessment and stratification (Smatt Score). Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):10964.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

50.

Heeney A, Hand F, Bates J, Mc Cormack O, Mealy K. Surgical mortality - an analysis of all deaths within a general surgical department. Surg J R Coll Surg Edinb Irel. 2014;12(3):121–8.

51.

Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliveira ML, Vauthey JN, Dindo D, Schulick RD, et al. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg. 2009;250(2):187–96.PubMedCrossRef

52.

Boney O, Moonesinghe SR, Myles PS, Grocott MPW. Standardizing endpoints in perioperative research. Can J Anesth Can Anesth. 2016;63(2):159–68.CrossRef

53.

Feldman LS, Lee L, Fiore J. What outcomes are important in the assessment of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways? Can J Anaesth J Can Anesth. 2015;62(2):120–30.CrossRef

54.

Bowyer A, Jakobsson J, Ljungqvist O, Royse C. A review of the scope and measurement of postoperative quality of recovery. Anaesthesia. 2014;69(11):1266–78.PubMedCrossRef

55.

Moonesinghe SR, McGuckin D, Martin P, Bedford J, Wagstaff D, Gilhooly D, et al. The Perioperative Quality Improvement Programme (PQIP patient study): protocol for a UK multicentre, prospective cohort study to measure quality of care and outcomes after major surgery. Perioper Med. 2022;11(1):1–10.CrossRef

56.

Moonesinghe SR, Harris S, Mythen MG, Rowan KM, Haddad FS, Emberton M, et al. Survival after postoperative morbidity: a longitudinal observational cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2014;113(6):977–84.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

57.

Toner A, Hamilton M. The long-term effects of postoperative complications. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2013;19(4):364–8.PubMedCrossRef

58.

Fowler AJ, Wahedally MAH, Abbott TEF, Smuk M, Prowle JR, Pearse RM, et al. Death after surgery among patients with chronic disease: prospective study of routinely collected data in the English NHS. Br J Anaesth. 2022;128(2):333–42.PubMedCrossRef

59.

Boersma P, Black LI, Ward BW. Prevalence of Multiple Chronic Conditions Among US Adults, 2018. Prev Chronic Dis. 2020;17(17):E106.PubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Appendix C. WHO performance status classification | Carmustine implants and temozolomide for the treatment of newly diagnosed high-grade glioma | Guidance | NICE [Internet]. NICE; 2007 [cited 2023 Jun 27]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta121/chapter/appendix-c-who-performance-status-classification.

61.

Prehabilitation guidance for healthcare professionals [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.macmillan.org.uk/healthcare-professionals/news-and-resources/guides/principles-and-guidance-for-prehabilitation.

62.

Santhirapala R, Fleisher LA, Grocott MPW. Choosing Wisely: just because we can, does it mean we should? Br J Anaesth. 2019;122(3):306–10.PubMedCrossRef

63.

Wijeysundera DN, Pearse RM, Shulman MA, Abbott TEF, Torres E, Ambosta A, et al. Assessment of functional capacity before major non-cardiac surgery: an international, prospective cohort study. Lancet Lond Engl. 2018;391(10140):2631–40.CrossRef

64.

Preoperative Assessment and Optimisation for Adult Surgery | Centre for Perioperative Care [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.cpoc.org.uk/preoperative-assessment-and-optimisation-adult-surgery.

65.

Barberan-Garcia A, Ubré M, Roca J, Lacy AM, Burgos F, Risco R, et al. Personalised prehabilitation in high-risk patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery: A randomized blinded controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2018;267(1):50–6.PubMedCrossRef

66.

GOV.UK [Internet]. cited 2023 Jun 28. Physical activity guidelines: UK Chief Medical Officers’ report; 2020. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/physical-activity-guidelines-uk-chief-medical-officers-report.

67.

Tobacco and postsurgical outcomes [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240000360.

68.

Oppedal K, Møller AM, Pedersen B, Tønnesen H. Preoperative alcohol cessation prior to elective surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;11(7):CD008343.

69.

RCP London [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Jun 22]. RCP calls for obesity to be recognised as a disease. Available from: https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/news/rcp-calls-obesity-be-recognised-disease.

70.

Members of the Working Party, Nightingale CE, Margarson MP, Shearer E, Redman JW, Lucas DN, et al. Peri-operative management of the obese surgical patient 2015: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Society for Obesity and Bariatric Anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2015;70(7):859–76.PubMedCentralCrossRef

71.

Lobo DN, Gianotti L, Adiamah A, Barazzoni R, Deutz NEP, Dhatariya K, et al. Perioperative nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert group. Clin Nutr Edinb Scotl. 2020;39(11):3211–27.CrossRef

72.

Novelli IR, Araújo BAD, Grandisoli LF, Furtado ECG, Aguchiku EKN, Bertocco MCG, et al. Nutritional counseling protocol for colorectal cancer patients after surgery improves outcome. Nutr Cancer [Internet]. 2020 Sep 15 [cited 2023 Jun 28]; Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01635581.2020.1819345.

73.

Pan H, Cai S, Ji J, Jiang Z, Liang H, Lin F, et al. The impact of nutritional status, nutritional risk, and nutritional treatment on clinical outcome of 2248 hospitalized cancer patients: a multi-center, prospective cohort study in Chinese teaching hospitals. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(1):62–70.PubMedCrossRef

74.

Wischmeyer PE, Carli F, Evans DC, Guilbert S, Kozar R, Pryor A, et al. American society for enhanced recovery and perioperative quality initiative joint consensus statement on nutrition screening and therapy within a surgical enhanced recovery pathway. Anesth Analg. 2018;126(6):1883.PubMedCrossRef

75.

Recommendations | Nutrition support for adults: oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition | Guidance | NICE [Internet]. NICE; 2006 [cited 2023 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg32/chapter/Recommendations#screening-for-malnutrition-and-the-risk-of-malnutrition-in-hospital-and-the-community.

76.

Gillis C, Buhler K, Bresee L, Carli F, Gramlich L, Culos-Reed N, et al. effects of nutritional prehabilitation, with and without exercise, on outcomes of patients who undergo colorectal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(2):391–410.e4.PubMedCrossRef

77.

British Geriatrics Society [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 21]. Introduction to frailty. Available from: https://www.bgs.org.uk/resources/introduction-to-frailty.

78.

Perioperative Care of People Living with Frailty | Centre for Perioperative Care [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 21]. Available from: https://www.cpoc.org.uk/guidelines-resources-guidelines/perioperative-care-people-living-frailty.

79.

Jónsdóttir F, Blöndal AB, Guðmundsson A, Bates I, Stevenson JM, Sigurðsson MI. Epidemiology and association with outcomes of polypharmacy in patients undergoing surgery: retrospective, population-based cohort study. BJS Open. 2023;7(3):zrad041.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

80.

Khezrian M, McNeil CJ, Murray AD, Myint PK. An overview of prevalence, determinants and health outcomes of polypharmacy. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2020;11:2042098620933741.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

81.

Donaldson LJ, Kelley ET, Dhingra-Kumar N, Kieny MP, Sheikh A. Medication without harm: WHO’s third global patient safety challenge. The Lancet. 2017;389(10080):1680–1.CrossRef

82.

Perioperative Quality Improvement Programme Annual report 21-23 [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 24]. Available from: https://pqip.org.uk/pages/ar23.

83.

Oliver CM, Warnakulasuriya S, McGuckin D, Singleton G, Martin P, Santos C, et al. Delivery of drinking, eating and mobilising (DrEaMing) and its association with length of hospital stay after major noncardiac surgery: observational cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2022;129(1):114–26.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

84.

Schnabel A, Yahiaoui-Doktor M, Meissner W, Zahn PK, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Predicting poor postoperative acute pain outcome in adults: an international, multicentre database analysis of risk factors in 50,005 patients. Pain Rep. 2020;5(4):e831.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

85.

Armstrong RA, Fayaz A, Manning GLP, Moonesinghe SR, Peri-operative Quality Improvement Programme (PQIP) delivery team, Oliver CM, et al. Predicting severe pain after major surgery: a secondary analysis of the Peri-operative Quality Improvement Programme (PQIP) dataset. Anaesthesia. 2023;78(7):840–852.

86.

Opioids for long term pain | Faculty of Pain Medicine [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 28]. Available from: https://fpm.ac.uk/opioids-aware-clinical-use-opioids/opioids-long-term-pain.

87.

Lancet T. A time of crisis for the opioid epidemic in the USA. The Lancet. 2021;398(10297):277.

88.

Gardner EA, McGrath SA, Dowling D, Bai D. The opioid crisis: Prevalence and markets of opioids. Forensic Sci Rev. 2022;34(1):43–70.PubMed

89.

Understanding the Opioid Overdose Epidemic | Opioids | CDC [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 28]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/basics/epidemic.html.

90.

Brodier EA, Cibelli M. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in clinical practice. BJA Educ. 2021;21(2):75–82.

91.

Levett DZH, Grimmett C. Psychological factors, prehabilitation and surgical outcomes: evidence and future directions. Anaesthesia. 2019 Jan;74(Suppl 1):36–42.PubMedCrossRef

92.

Overview | Common mental health problems: identification and pathways to care | Guidance | NICE [Internet]. NICE; 2011. [cited 2023 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/Guidance/CG123.

93.

https://www.kingsfund.org.uk//node/3497. The King’s Fund. 2014 [cited 2023 Jun 28]. Supporting people to manage their health. Available from: https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/supporting-people-manage-their-health.

94.

Block AR, Marek RJ, Ben-Porath YS. Patient activation mediates the association between psychosocial risk factors and spine surgery results. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2019;26(2):123–30.PubMedCrossRef

95.

Dumitra T, Ganescu O, Hu R, Fiore JF, Kaneva P, Mayo N, et al. Association between patient activation and health care utilization after thoracic and abdominal surgery. JAMA Surg. 2021;156(1):e205002.

96.

Skolasky RL, Mackenzie EJ, Wegener ST, Riley LH. Patient activation and functional recovery in persons undergoing spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93(18):1665–1671.

97.

Hartle A, McCormack T, Carlisle J, Anderson S, Pichel A, Beckett N, et al. The measurement of adult blood pressure and management of hypertension before elective surgery: Joint Guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Hypertension Society. Anaesthesia. 2016;71(3):326–37.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

98.

APOM - Getting It Right First Time - GIRFT [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 24]. Available from: https://gettingitrightfirsttime.co.uk/medical_specialties/apom/.

99.

The urgent need to implement patient blood management: policy brief [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 24]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240035744.

100.

Richards T, Baikady RR, Clevenger B, Butcher A, Abeysiri S, Chau M, et al. Preoperative intravenous iron to treat anaemia before major abdominal surgery (PREVENTT): a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. The Lancet. 2020;396(10259):1353–61.

101.

Anaemia in the Perioperative Pathway | Centre for Perioperative Care [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 22]. Available from: https://cpoc.org.uk/guidelines-resources-guidelines/anaemia-perioperative-pathway.

102.

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 28]. Diabetes Statistics - NIDDK. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/diabetes-statistics.

103.

Grant B, Chowdhury TA. New guidance on the perioperative management of diabetes. Clin Med Lond Engl. 2022;22(1):41–4.CrossRef

104.

Perioperative Care of People with Diabetes Undergoing Surgery | Centre for Perioperative Care [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 21]. Available from: https://cpoc.org.uk/guidelines-resources-guidelines-resources/guideline-diabetes.

105.

CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 28]. Facts about hypertension | cdc.gov. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm.

106.

Context | Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE [Internet]. NICE; 2019 [cited 2023 Jun 21]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng136/chapter/Context.

107.

Tait A, Howell SJ. Preoperative hypertension: perioperative implications and management. BJA Educ. 2021;21(11):426–32.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

108.

Sanders RD, Hughes F, Shaw A, Thompson A, Bader A, Hoeft A, et al. Perioperative Quality Initiative consensus statement on preoperative blood pressure, risk and outcomes for elective surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2019;122(5):552–62.PubMedCrossRef

109.

Garvey JF, Pengo MF, Drakatos P, Kent BD. Epidemiological aspects of obstructive sleep apnea. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7(5):920–9.PubMedPubMedCentral

110.

Faria A, Allen AH, Fox N, Ayas N, Laher I. The public health burden of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Sci Sao Paulo Braz. 2021;14(3):257–65.

111.

Grocott MPW, Plumb JOM, Edwards M, Fecher-Jones I, Levett DZH. Re-designing the pathway to surgery: better care and added value. Perioper Med Lond Engl. 2017;6:9.CrossRef

112.

Dedicated care before and after surgery offers patients a ‘teachable moment’ to improve long term health | The Royal College of Anaesthetists [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 24]. Available from: https://www.rcoa.ac.uk/news/dedicated-care-after-surgery-offers-patients-teachable-moment-improve-long-term-health.

Title: Chronic Disease Management and Optimization of Functional Status Before Surgery: Does This Improve Long-Term Postoperative Outcomes?
Authors: Eleanor Warwick
Suneetha Ramani Moonesinghe
Publication date: 16-11-2023
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Current Anesthesiology Reports / Issue 4/2023
Electronic ISSN: 2167-6275
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40140-023-00587-9

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Chronic Disease Management and Optimization of Functional Status Before Surgery: Does This Improve Long-Term Postoperative Outcomes?

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 4/2023

Where Will Gabapentin’s Bumpy Road Lead us? A Narrative Review of Pediatric Perioperative Gabapentinoids

Physiology of Neuromuscular Transmission and Applied Pharmacology of Muscle Relaxants

Perioperative Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Acute Kidney Injury: Is Routine Postoperative Monitoring Indicated?

The Relationship Between Intraoperative Tissue Oxygenation Monitoring and Postoperative Renal Function After Cardiac Surgery

Patterns of Stimulation, Site of Monitoring, and Accuracy in Detecting Residual Neuromuscular Blockade

Monitoring Depth of Neuromuscular Blockade and Adequacy of Reversal: Clinical and Pharmacoeconomic Implications