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Current Pediatrics Reports
Published in: Current Pediatrics Reports 3/2018

01-09-2018 | Urology (GE Tasian, Section Editor)

Recent Advances in the Evaluation, Medical, and Surgical Management of Pediatric Nephrolithiasis

Authors: Jonathan S. Ellison, Karyn Yonekawa

Published in: Current Pediatrics Reports | Issue 3/2018

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

With the recent rise in the incidence of pediatric nephrolithiasis, much work has focused on understanding the epidemiology and burden of this disease. We reviewed the recent literature to understand current hypotheses for increased kidney stone risk in children, define current best practices for imaging evaluation, assess surgical advances and outcomes, and evaluate up to date strategies for risk modification.

Recent Findings

The interactions of multiple risk factors comprise the exposome that may define future risk of nephrolithiasis. Computed tomography appears to be over-utilized in the acute presentation of children with nephrolithiasis. Smaller equipment has advanced surgical technique, though comparative studies on surgical modalities are lacking. Reminder technologies may be useful in preventing future stone events.

Summary

Future investigation needs to identify modifiable risk factors while large-scale comparative studies should optimize acute management and surgical intervention. Advancing technologies must be leveraged to reduce future stone recurrence.
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Metadata
Title
Recent Advances in the Evaluation, Medical, and Surgical Management of Pediatric Nephrolithiasis
Authors
Jonathan S. Ellison
Karyn Yonekawa
Publication date
01-09-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Pediatrics Reports / Issue 3/2018
Electronic ISSN: 2167-4841
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-018-0176-5

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