Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Infection
Published in: Infection 3/2011

01-06-2011 | Review

Costs of hospital-acquired infection and transferability of the estimates: a systematic review

Authors: H. Fukuda, J. Lee, Y. Imanaka

Published in: Infection | Issue 3/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) present a substantial problem for healthcare providers, with a relatively high frequency of occurrence and considerable damage caused. There has been an increase in the number of cost-effectiveness and cost-savings analyses of HAI control measures, and the quantification of the cost of HAI (COHAI) is necessary for such calculations. While recent guidelines allow researchers to utilize COHAI estimates from existing published literature when evaluating the economic impact of HAI control measures, it has been observed that the results of economic evaluations may not be directly applied to other jurisdictions due to differences in the context and circumstances in which the original results were produced. The aims of this study were to conduct a systematic review of published studies that have produced COHAI estimates from 1980 to 2006 and to evaluate the quality of these estimates from the perspective of transferability. From a total of 89 publications, only eight papers (9.0%) had a high level of transferability in which all components of costs were described, data for costs in each component were reported, and unit costs were estimated with actual costing. We also did not observe a higher citation level for studies with high levels of transferability. We feel that, in order to ensure an appropriate contribution to the infection control program decision-making process, it is essential for researchers who estimate COHAI, analysts who use COHAI estimates for decision-making, as well as relevant journal reviewers and editors to recognize the importance of a transferability paradigm.
Literature
1.
Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Richards CL Jr, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Pollock DA, et al. Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in U.S. hospitals, 2002. Public Health Rep. 2007;122:160–6.PubMed
2.
Perencevich EN, Stone PW, Wright SB, Carmeli Y, Fisman DN, Cosgrove SE. Raising standards while watching the bottom line: making a business case for infection control. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:1121–33.PubMed
3.
Harbarth S, Sax H, Gastmeier P. The preventable proportion of nosocomial infections: an overview of published reports. J Hosp Infect. 2003;54:258–66.PubMed
4.
Fukuda H, Imanaka Y. Assessment of transparency of cost estimates in economic evaluations of patient safety programmes. J Eval Clin Pract. 2009;15:451–9.PubMed
5.
Drummond M, Barbieri M, Cook J, Glick HA, Lis J, Malik F, et al. Transferability of economic evaluations across jurisdictions: ISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force report. Value Health. 2009;12:409–18.PubMed
6.
Sculpher MJ, Pang FS, Manca A, Drummond MF, Golder S, Urdahl H, et al. Generalisability in economic evaluation studies in healthcare: a review and case studies. Health Technol Assess. 2004;8:1–192.
7.
Drummond MF, Jefferson TO. Guidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ. The BMJ Economic Evaluation Working Party. BMJ. 1996;313:275–83.PubMed
8.
Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Torrance GW, O’Brien BJ, Stoddart GL. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005.
9.
Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC. Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996.
10.
Heyland DK, Kernerman P, Gafni A, Cook DJ. Economic evaluations in the critical care literature: do they help us improve the efficiency of our unit? Crit Care Med. 1996;24:1591–8.PubMed
11.
Shwartz M, Young DW, Siegrist R. The ratio of costs to charges: how good a basis for estimating costs? Inquiry. 1995–1996;32:476–81.
12.
Coello R, Glenister H, Fereres J, Bartlett C, Leigh D, Sedgwick J, et al. The cost of infection in surgical patients: a case–control study. J Hosp Infect. 1993;25:239–50.PubMed
13.
Plowman R, Graves N, Griffin MA, Roberts JA, Swan AV, Cookson B, et al. The rate and cost of hospital-acquired infections occurring in patients admitted to selected specialties of a district general hospital in England and the national burden imposed. J Hosp Infect. 2001;47:198–209.PubMed
14.
Zoutman D, McDonald S, Vethanayagan D. Total and attributable costs of surgical-wound infections at a Canadian tertiary-care center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1998;19:254–9.PubMed
15.
Boyce JM, Potter-Bynoe G, Dziobek L. Hospital reimbursement patterns among patients with surgical wound infections following open heart surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1990;11:89–93.PubMed
16.
Sheng WH, Chie WC, Chen YC, Hung CC, Wang JT, Chang SC. Impact of nosocomial infections on medical costs, hospital stay, and outcome in hospitalized patients. J Formos Med Assoc. 2005;104:318–26.PubMed
17.
Hollenbeak CS, Alfrey EJ, Souba WW. The effect of surgical site infections on outcomes and resource utilization after liver transplantation. Surgery. 2001;130:388–95.PubMed
18.
Fabry J, Meynet R, Joron MT, Sepetjan M, Lambert DC, Guillet R. Cost of nosocomial infections: analysis of 512 digestive surgery patients. World J Surg. 1982;6:362–5.PubMed
19.
Wilson AP, Hodgson B, Liu M, Plummer D, Taylor I, Roberts J, et al. Reduction in wound infection rates by wound surveillance with postdischarge follow-up and feedback. Br J Surg. 2006;93:630–8.PubMed
20.
Coskun D, Aytac J, Aydinli A, Bayer A. Mortality rate, length of stay and extra cost of sternal surgical site infections following coronary artery bypass grafting in a private medical centre in Turkey. J Hosp Infect. 2005;60:176–9.PubMed
21.
Mugford M, Kingston J, Chalmers I. Reducing the incidence of infection after caesarean section: implications of prophylaxis with antibiotics for hospital resources. BMJ. 1989;299:1003–6.PubMed
22.
Whitehouse JD, Friedman ND, Kirkland KB, Richardson WJ, Sexton DJ. The impact of surgical-site infections following orthopedic surgery at a community hospital and a university hospital: adverse quality of life, excess length of stay, and extra cost. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23:183–9.PubMed
23.
Scheckler WE. Hospital costs of nosocomial infections: a prospective three-month study in a community hospital. Infect Control. 1980;1:150–2.PubMed
24.
Gavaldà L, Masuet C, Beltran J, Garcia M, Garcia D, Sirvent JM, et al. Comparative cost of selective screening to prevent transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), compared with the attributable costs of MRSA infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27:1264–6.PubMed
25.
VandenBergh MF, Kluytmans JA, van Hout BA, Maat AP, Seerden RJ, McDonnel J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of perioperative mupirocin nasal ointment in cardiothoracic surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996;17:786–92.PubMed
26.
Lynch W, Malek M, Davey PG, Byrne DJ, Napier A. Costing wound infection in a Scottish hospital. Pharmacoeconomics. 1992;2:163–70.PubMed
27.
Reilly J, Twaddle S, McIntosh J, Kean L. An economic analysis of surgical wound infection. J Hosp Infect. 2001;49:245–9.PubMed
28.
Kirkland KB, Briggs JP, Trivette SL, Wilkinson WE, Sexton DJ. The impact of surgical-site infections in the 1990s: attributable mortality, excess length of hospitalization, and extra costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;20:725–30.PubMed
29.
Herwaldt LA, Cullen JJ, Scholz D, French P, Zimmerman MB, Pfaller MA, et al. A prospective study of outcomes, healthcare resource utilization, and costs associated with postoperative nosocomial infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27:1291–8.PubMed
30.
Hollenbeak CS, Murphy DM, Koenig S, Woodward RS, Dunagan WC, Fraser VJ. The clinical and economic impact of deep chest surgical site infections following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Chest. 2000;118:397–402.PubMed
31.
Vogel TR, Diaz JJ, Miller RS, May AK, Guillamondegui OD, Guy JS, et al. The open abdomen in trauma: do infectious complications affect primary abdominal closure? Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2006;7:433–41.
32.
Kasatpibal N, Thongpiyapoom S, Narong MN, Suwalak N, Jamulitrat S. Extra charge and extra length of postoperative stay attributable to surgical site infection in six selected operations. J Med Assoc Thai. 2005;88:1083–91.PubMed
33.
McGarry SA, Engemann JJ, Schmader K, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Surgical-site infection due to Staphylococcus aureus among elderly patients: mortality, duration of hospitalization, and cost. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25:461–7.PubMed
34.
Hollenbeak CS, Alfrey EJ, Sheridan K, Burger TL, Dillon PW. Surgical site infections following pediatric liver transplantation: risks and costs. Transpl Infect Dis. 2003;5:72–8.PubMed
35.
Engemann JJ, Carmeli Y, Cosgrove SE, Fowler VG, Bronstein MZ, Trivette SL, et al. Adverse clinical and economic outcomes attributable to methicillin resistance among patients with Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:592–8.PubMed
36.
Apisarnthanarak A, Jones M, Waterman BM, Carroll CM, Bernardi R, Fraser VJ. Risk factors for spinal surgical-site infections in a community hospital: a case–control study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;24:31–6.PubMed
37.
Hollenbeak CS, Murphy D, Dunagan WC, Fraser VJ. Nonrandom selection and the attributable cost of surgical-site infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23:177–82.PubMed
38.
Jenney AW, Harrington GA, Russo PL, Spelman DW. Cost of surgical site infections following coronary artery bypass surgery. ANZ J Surg. 2001;71:662–4.PubMed
39.
Vegas AA, Jodra VM, García ML. Nosocomial infection in surgery wards: a controlled study of increased duration of hospital stays and direct cost of hospitalization. Eur J Epidemiol. 1993;9:504–10.PubMed
40.
Laupland KB, Lee H, Gregson DB, Manns BJ. Cost of intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections. J Hosp Infect. 2006;63:124–32.PubMed
41.
Blot SI, Depuydt P, Annemans L, Benoit D, Hoste E, De Waele JJ, et al. Clinical and economic outcomes in critically ill patients with nosocomial catheter-related bloodstream infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:1591–8.PubMed
42.
Slonim AD, Kurtines HC, Sprague BM, Singh N. The costs associated with nosocomial bloodstream infections in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2001;2:170–4.PubMed
43.
Dimick JB, Pelz RK, Consunji R, Swoboda SM, Hendrix CW, Lipsett PA. Increased resource use associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection in the surgical intensive care unit. Arch Surg. 2001;136:229–34.PubMed
44.
Elward AM, Hollenbeak CS, Warren DK, Fraser VJ. Attributable cost of nosocomial primary bloodstream infection in pediatric intensive care unit patients. Pediatrics. 2005;115:868–72.PubMed
45.
Warren DK, Quadir WW, Hollenbeak CS, Elward AM, Cox MJ, Fraser VJ. Attributable cost of catheter-associated bloodstream infections among intensive care patients in a nonteaching hospital. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:2084–9.PubMed
46.
Payne NR, Carpenter JH, Badger GJ, Horbar JD, Rogowski J. Marginal increase in cost and excess length of stay associated with nosocomial bloodstream infections in surviving very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2004;114:348–55.PubMed
47.
Orsi GB, Di Stefano L, Noah N. Hospital-acquired, laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection: increased hospital stay and direct costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23:190–7.PubMed
48.
Digiovine B, Chenoweth C, Watts C, Higgins M. The attributable mortality and costs of primary nosocomial bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160:976–81.PubMed
49.
Rosenthal VD, Guzman S, Migone O, Crnich CJ. The attributable cost, length of hospital stay, and mortality of central line-associated bloodstream infection in intensive care departments in Argentina: a prospective, matched analysis. Am J Infect Control. 2003;31:475–80.PubMed
50.
Rello J, Ochagavia A, Sabanes E, Roque M, Mariscal D, Reynaga E, et al. Evaluation of outcome of intravenous catheter-related infections in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162:1027–30.PubMed
51.
Wisplinghoff H, Cornely OA, Moser S, Bethe U, Stützer H, Salzberger B, et al. Outcomes of nosocomial bloodstream infections in adult neutropenic patients: a prospective cohort and matched case–control study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;24:905–11.PubMed
52.
Liu JW, Su YK, Liu CF, Chen JB. Nosocomial blood-stream infection in patients with end-stage renal disease: excess length of hospital stay, extra cost and attributable mortality. J Hosp Infect. 2002;50:224–7.PubMed
53.
Abramson MA, Sexton DJ. Nosocomial methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus primary bacteremia: at what costs? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;20:408–11.PubMed
54.
Pittet D, Tarara D, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patients. Excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. JAMA. 1994;271:1598–601.PubMed
55.
Cocanour CS, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Peninger M, Garbade D, Tidemann T, Domonoske BD, et al. Cost of a ventilator-associated pneumonia in a shock trauma intensive care unit. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2005;6:65–72.
56.
Hugonnet S, Eggimann P, Borst F, Maricot P, Chevrolet JC, Pittet D. Impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia on resource utilization and patient outcome. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25:1090–6.PubMed
57.
Warren DK, Shukla SJ, Olsen MA, Kollef MH, Hollenbeak CS, Cox MJ, et al. Outcome and attributable cost of ventilator-associated pneumonia among intensive care unit patients in a suburban medical center. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:1312–7.PubMed
58.
van Nieuwenhoven CA, Buskens E, Bergmans DC, van Tiel FH, Ramsay G, Bonten MJ. Oral decontamination is cost-saving in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:126–30.PubMed
59.
Dietrich ES, Demmler M, Schulgen G, Fekec K, Mast O, Pelz K, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia: a cost-of-illness analysis. Infection. 2002;30:61–7.PubMed
60.
Rosenthal VD, Guzman S, Migone O, Safdar N. The attributable cost and length of hospital stay because of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units in 3 hospitals in Argentina: a prospective, matched analysis. Am J Infect Control. 2005;33:157–61.PubMed
61.
Thompson DA, Makary MA, Dorman T, Pronovost PJ. Clinical and economic outcomes of hospital acquired pneumonia in intra-abdominal surgery patients. Ann Surg. 2006;243:547–52.PubMed
62.
Merchant M, Karnad DR, Kanbur AA. Incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in a medical intensive care unit and general medical ward patients in a public hospital in Bombay, India. J Hosp Infect. 1998;39:143–8.PubMed
63.
Kappstein I, Schulgen G, Beyer U, Geiger K, Schumacher M, Daschner FD. Prolongation of hospital stay and extra costs due to ventilator-associated pneumonia in an intensive care unit. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992;11:504–8.PubMed
64.
Tambyah PA, Knasinski V, Maki DG. The direct costs of nosocomial catheter-associated urinary tract infection in the era of managed care. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23:27–31.PubMed
65.
Lai KK, Fontecchio SA. Use of silver-hydrogel urinary catheters on the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients. Am J Infect Control. 2002;30:221–5.PubMed
66.
Givens CD, Wenzel RP. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections in surgical patients: a controlled study on the excess morbidity and costs. J Urol. 1980;124:646–8.PubMed
67.
Shulkin DJ, Kinosian B, Glick H, Glen-Puschett C, Daly J, Eisenberg JM. The economic impact of infections. An analysis of hospital costs and charges in surgical patients with cancer. Arch Surg. 1993;128:449–52.PubMed
68.
Sheng WH, Wang JT, Lu DC, Chie WC, Chen YC, Chang SC. Comparative impact of hospital-acquired infections on medical costs, length of hospital stay and outcome between community hospitals and medical centres. J Hosp Infect. 2005;59:205–14.PubMed
69.
Mahieu LM, Buitenweg N, Beutels P, De Dooy JJ. Additional hospital stay and charges due to hospital-acquired infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect. 2001;47:223–9.PubMed
70.
Khan MM, Celik Y. Cost of nosocomial infection in Turkey: an estimate based on the university hospital data. Health Serv Manage Res. 2001;14:49–54.PubMed
71.
Leroyer A, Bedu A, Lombrail P, Desplanques L, Diakite B, Bingen E, et al. Prolongation of hospital stay and extra costs due to hospital-acquired infection in a neonatal unit. J Hosp Infect. 1997;35:37–45.PubMed
72.
Li LY, Wang SQ. Economic effects of nosocomial infections in cardiac surgery. J Hosp Infect. 1990;16:339–41.PubMed
73.
Haley RW, Schaberg DR, Crossley KB, Von Allmen SD, McGowan JE Jr. Extra charges and prolongation of stay attributable to nosocomial infections: a prospective interhospital comparison. Am J Med. 1981;70:51–8.PubMed
74.
Girard R, Fabry J, Meynet R, Lambert DC, Sepetjan M. Costs of nosocomial infection in a neonatal unit. J Hosp Infect. 1983;4:361–6.PubMed
75.
Piednoir E, Bessaci K, Bureau-Chalot F, Sabouraud P, Brodard V, Andréoletti L, et al. Economic impact of healthcare-associated rotavirus infection in a paediatric hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2003;55:190–5.PubMed
76.
Esatoğlu AE, Agirbas I, Onder OR, Celik Y. Additional cost of hospital-acquired infection to the patient: a case study in Turkey. Health Serv Manage Res. 2006;19:137–43.PubMed
77.
Oncul O, Yüksel F, Altunay H, Açikel C, Celiköz B, Cavuşlu S. The evaluation of nosocomial infection during 1-year-period in the burn unit of a training hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Burns. 2002;28:738–44.PubMed
78.
Onen A, Ciğdem MK, Geyik MF, Kökoğlu OF, Otçu S, Oztürk H, et al. Epidemiology and control of nosocomial infections in paediatric surgery. J Hosp Infect. 2002;52:166–70.PubMed
79.
Yalçin AN, Hayran M, Unal S. Economic analysis of nosocomial infections in a Turkish university hospital. J Chemother. 1997;9:411–4.PubMed
80.
Wilcox MH, Cunniffe JG, Trundle C, Redpath C. Financial burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect. 1996;34:23–30.PubMed
81.
de Clercq H, De Decker G, Alexander JP, Huyghens L. Cost evaluation of infections in intensive care. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 1983;34:179–89.PubMed
82.
Wakefield DS, Helms CM, Massanari RM, Mori M, Pfaller M. Cost of nosocomial infection: relative contributions of laboratory, antibiotic, and per diem costs in serious Staphylococcus aureus infections. Am J Infect Control. 1988;16:185–92.PubMed
83.
Chen YY, Chou YC, Chou P. Impact of nosocomial infection on cost of illness and length of stay in intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2005;26:281–7.PubMed
84.
Roberts RR, Scott RD 2nd, Cordell R, Solomon SL, Steele L, Kampe LM, et al. The use of economic modeling to determine the hospital costs associated with nosocomial infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:1424–32.PubMed
85.
Noskin GA, Rubin RJ, Schentag JJ, Kluytmans J, Hedblom EC, Smulders M, et al. The burden of Staphylococcus aureus infections on hospitals in the United States: an analysis of the 2000 and 2001 Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1756–61.PubMed
86.
Song X, Srinivasan A, Plaut D, Perl TM. Effect of nosocomial vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia on mortality, length of stay, and costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;24:251–6.PubMed
87.
Gray JE, Richardson DK, McCormick MC, Goldmann DA. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia among very low birth weight infants: relation to admission illness severity, resource use, and outcome. Pediatrics. 1995;95:225–30.PubMed
88.
Upton A, Smith P, Roberts S. Excess cost associated with Staphylococcus aureus poststernotomy mediastinitis. N Z Med J. 2005;118:U1316.PubMed
89.
Lazarus HM, Fox J, Burke JP, Lloyd JF, Snow GL, Mehta RR, et al. Trauma patient hospital-associated infections: risks and outcomes. J Trauma. 2005;59:188–94.PubMed
90.
Dominguez TE, Chalom R, Costarino AT Jr. The impact of adverse patient occurrences on hospital costs in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:169–74.PubMed
91.
Macartney KK, Gorelick MH, Manning ML, Hodinka RL, Bell LM. Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of infection control. Pediatrics. 2000;106:520–6.PubMed
92.
Nelson RM, Dries DJ. The economic implications of infection in cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 1986;42:240–6.PubMed
93.
Pirson M, Dramaix M, Struelens M, Riley TV, Leclercq P. Costs associated with hospital-acquired bacteraemia in a Belgian hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2005;59:33–40.PubMed
94.
Watters K, O’Dwyer TP, Rowley H. Cost and morbidity of MRSA in head and neck cancer patients: what are the consequences? J Laryngol Otol. 2004;118:694–9.PubMed
95.
Taylor GJ, Mikell FL, Moses HW, Dove JT, Katholi RE, Malik SA, et al. Determinants of hospital charges for coronary artery bypass surgery: the economic consequences of postoperative complications. Am J Cardiol. 1990;65:309–13.PubMed
96.
Zhan C, Miller MR. Excess length of stay, charges, and mortality attributable to medical injuries during hospitalization. JAMA. 2003;290:1868–74.PubMed
97.
Haley RW, Schaberg DR, Von Allmen SD, McGowan JE Jr. Estimating the extra charges and prolongation of hospitalization due to nosocomial infections: a comparison of methods. J Infect Dis. 1980;141:248–57.PubMed
98.
Sánchez-Velázquez LD, Ponce de León Rosales S, Rangel Frausto MS. The burden of nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit: effects on organ failure, mortality and costs. A nested case–control study. Arch Med Res. 2006;37:370–5.PubMed
99.
Chaix C, Durand-Zaleski I, Alberti C, Brun-Buisson C. Control of endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a cost–benefit analysis in an intensive care unit. JAMA. 1999;282:1745–51.PubMed
100.
Orrett FA, Brooks PJ, Richardson EG. Nosocomial infections in a rural regional hospital in a developing country: infection rates by site, service, cost, and infection control practices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1998;19:136–40.PubMed
101.
O’Brien BJ. A tale of two (or more) cities: geographic transferability of pharmacoeconomic data. Am J Manag Care. 1997;3:S33–9.PubMed
102.
Wennberg JE, Barnes BA, Zubkoff M. Professional uncertainty and the problem of supplier-induced demand. Soc Sci Med. 1982;16:811–24.PubMed
103.
Jefferson T, Demicheli V, Vale L. Quality of systematic reviews of economic evaluations in health care. JAMA. 2002;287:2809–12.PubMed
104.
Howard D, Cordell R, McGowan JE Jr, Packard RM, Scott RD 2nd, Solomon SL. Measuring the economic costs of antimicrobial resistance in hospital settings: summary of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Emory Workshop. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:1573–8.PubMed
105.
Finkler SA. The distinction between cost and charges. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:102–9.PubMed
106.
Stone PW, Larson E, Kawar LN. A systematic audit of economic evidence linking nosocomial infections and infection control interventions: 1990–2000. Am J Infect Control. 2002;30:145–52.PubMed
107.
Sassi F, Archard L, McDaid D. Searching literature databases for health care economic evaluations: how systematic can we afford to be? Med Care. 2002;40:387–94.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Costs of hospital-acquired infection and transferability of the estimates: a systematic review
Authors
H. Fukuda
J. Lee
Y. Imanaka
Publication date
01-06-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Infection / Issue 3/2011
Print ISSN: 0300-8126
Electronic ISSN: 1439-0973
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-011-0095-7

Other articles of this Issue 3/2011

Infection 3/2011 Go to the issue

Correspondence

Glycopeptide and daptomycin resistance in community-associated MRSA in the UK

Clinical and Epidemiological Study

Diagnostic relevance of simultaneous testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Correspondence

Unusual presentation of Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced septic shock 36 years after splenectomy

Brief Report

Sporadic isolations of a multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone during a 14-month epidemic in a general hospital in Hiroshima

Editorial

Prolonged duration of surgery: a new look at the causes

Clinical and Epidemiological Study

The efficacy of voriconazole in the treatment of 192 fungal central nervous system infections: a retrospective analysis
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits