Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics 1/2020

01-01-2020 | Intravascular Ultrasound | Expert consensus document

Clinical expert consensus document on standards for measurements and assessment of intravascular ultrasound from the Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics

Authors: Yuichi Saito, Yoshio Kobayashi, Kenichi Fujii, Shinjo Sonoda, Kenichi Tsujita, Kiyoshi Hibi, Yoshihiro Morino, Hiroyuki Okura, Yuji Ikari, Junko Honye

Published in: Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics | Issue 1/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides precise anatomic information in coronary arteries including quantitative measurements and morphological assessment. To standardize the IVUS analysis in the current era, this expert consensus document summarizes the methods of measurements and assessment of IVUS images.
Literature
1.
go back to reference di Mario C, Koskinas KC, Raber L. Clinical benefit of IVUS guidance for coronary stenting: the ULTIMATE step toward definitive evidence? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:3138–41.PubMed di Mario C, Koskinas KC, Raber L. Clinical benefit of IVUS guidance for coronary stenting: the ULTIMATE step toward definitive evidence? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:3138–41.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Mintz GS, Garcia-Garcia HM, Nicholls SJ, Weissman NJ, Bruining N, Crowe T, et al. Clinical expert consensus document on standards for acquisition, measurement and reporting of intravascular ultrasound regression/progression studies. Eurointervention. 2011;6:1123–30.PubMed Mintz GS, Garcia-Garcia HM, Nicholls SJ, Weissman NJ, Bruining N, Crowe T, et al. Clinical expert consensus document on standards for acquisition, measurement and reporting of intravascular ultrasound regression/progression studies. Eurointervention. 2011;6:1123–30.PubMed
3.
go back to reference Mintz GS, Nissen SE, Anderson WD, Bailey SR, Erbel R, Fitzgerald PJ, et al. American college of cardiology clinical expert consensus document on standards for acquisition, measurement and reporting of intravascular ultrasound studies (IVUS). A report of the American college of cardiology task force on clinical expert consensus documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1478–92.PubMed Mintz GS, Nissen SE, Anderson WD, Bailey SR, Erbel R, Fitzgerald PJ, et al. American college of cardiology clinical expert consensus document on standards for acquisition, measurement and reporting of intravascular ultrasound studies (IVUS). A report of the American college of cardiology task force on clinical expert consensus documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1478–92.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Lockwood GR, Ryan LK, Hunt JW, Foster FS. Measurement of the ultrasonic properties of vascular tissues and blood from 35 to 65 MHz. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1991;17:653–66.PubMed Lockwood GR, Ryan LK, Hunt JW, Foster FS. Measurement of the ultrasonic properties of vascular tissues and blood from 35 to 65 MHz. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1991;17:653–66.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Okada K, Kitahara H, Mitsutake Y, Tanaka S, Kimura T, Yock PG, et al. Assessment of bioresorbable scaffold with a novel high-definition 60 MHz IVUS imaging system: comparison with 40 MHz IVUS referenced to optical coherence tomography. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;91:874–83.PubMed Okada K, Kitahara H, Mitsutake Y, Tanaka S, Kimura T, Yock PG, et al. Assessment of bioresorbable scaffold with a novel high-definition 60 MHz IVUS imaging system: comparison with 40 MHz IVUS referenced to optical coherence tomography. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;91:874–83.PubMed
6.
go back to reference Yamada R, Okura H, Kume T, Hayashida A, Neishi Y, Kawamoto T, et al. Comparison of quantitative measurements between two different intravascular ultrasound systems: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Cardiol. 2013;61:201–5.PubMed Yamada R, Okura H, Kume T, Hayashida A, Neishi Y, Kawamoto T, et al. Comparison of quantitative measurements between two different intravascular ultrasound systems: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Cardiol. 2013;61:201–5.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Li Y, Honye J, Saito S, Takayama T, Yokoyama S, Saruya T, et al. Variability in quantitative measurement of the same segment with two different intravascular ultrasound systems: in vivo and in vitro studies. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2004;62:175–80.PubMed Li Y, Honye J, Saito S, Takayama T, Yokoyama S, Saruya T, et al. Variability in quantitative measurement of the same segment with two different intravascular ultrasound systems: in vivo and in vitro studies. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2004;62:175–80.PubMed
8.
go back to reference ten Hoff H, Korbijn A, Smith TH, Klinkhamer JF, Bom N. Imaging artifacts in mechanically driven ultrasound catheters. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 1989;4:195–9. ten Hoff H, Korbijn A, Smith TH, Klinkhamer JF, Bom N. Imaging artifacts in mechanically driven ultrasound catheters. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 1989;4:195–9.
9.
go back to reference Hernandez-Sabate A, Gil D, Fernandez-Nofrerias E, Radeva P, Marti E. Approaching artery rigid dynamics in IVUS. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2009;28:1670–80.PubMed Hernandez-Sabate A, Gil D, Fernandez-Nofrerias E, Radeva P, Marti E. Approaching artery rigid dynamics in IVUS. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2009;28:1670–80.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Arbab-Zadeh A, DeMaria AN, Penny WF, Russo RJ, Kimura BJ, Bhargava V. Axial movement of the intravascular ultrasound probe during the cardiac cycle: implications for three-dimensional reconstruction and measurements of coronary dimensions. Am Heart J. 1999;138:865–72.PubMed Arbab-Zadeh A, DeMaria AN, Penny WF, Russo RJ, Kimura BJ, Bhargava V. Axial movement of the intravascular ultrasound probe during the cardiac cycle: implications for three-dimensional reconstruction and measurements of coronary dimensions. Am Heart J. 1999;138:865–72.PubMed
11.
go back to reference Morino Y, Tamiya S, Masuda N, Kawamura Y, Nagaoka M, Matsukage T, et al. Intravascular ultrasound criteria for determination of optimal longitudinal positioning of sirolimus-eluting stents. Circ J. 2010;74:1609–16.PubMed Morino Y, Tamiya S, Masuda N, Kawamura Y, Nagaoka M, Matsukage T, et al. Intravascular ultrasound criteria for determination of optimal longitudinal positioning of sirolimus-eluting stents. Circ J. 2010;74:1609–16.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Raber L, Mintz GS, Koskinas KC, Johnson TW, Holm NR, Onuma Y, et al. Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 1: guidance and optimization of coronary interventions. An expert consensus document of the European association of percutaneous cardiovascular interventions. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3281–300.PubMed Raber L, Mintz GS, Koskinas KC, Johnson TW, Holm NR, Onuma Y, et al. Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 1: guidance and optimization of coronary interventions. An expert consensus document of the European association of percutaneous cardiovascular interventions. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3281–300.PubMed
13.
go back to reference Kobayashi Y, De Gregorio J, Kobayashi N, Akiyama T, Reimers B, Finci L, et al. Stented segment length as an independent predictor of restenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:651–9.PubMed Kobayashi Y, De Gregorio J, Kobayashi N, Akiyama T, Reimers B, Finci L, et al. Stented segment length as an independent predictor of restenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:651–9.PubMed
14.
go back to reference Lockwood GR, Ryan LK, Gotlieb AI, Lonn E, Hunt JW, Liu P, et al. In vitro high resolution intravascular imaging in muscular and elastic arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:153–60.PubMed Lockwood GR, Ryan LK, Gotlieb AI, Lonn E, Hunt JW, Liu P, et al. In vitro high resolution intravascular imaging in muscular and elastic arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:153–60.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Kume T, Okura H, Fukuhara K, Koyama T, Yamada R, Neishi Y, et al. Visualization of coronary plaque vasa vasorum by intravascular ultrasound. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:985.PubMed Kume T, Okura H, Fukuhara K, Koyama T, Yamada R, Neishi Y, et al. Visualization of coronary plaque vasa vasorum by intravascular ultrasound. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:985.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Nakamura S, Colombo A, Gaglione A, Almagor Y, Goldberg SL, Maiello L, et al. Intracoronary ultrasound observations during stent implantation. Circulation. 1994;89:2026–34.PubMed Nakamura S, Colombo A, Gaglione A, Almagor Y, Goldberg SL, Maiello L, et al. Intracoronary ultrasound observations during stent implantation. Circulation. 1994;89:2026–34.PubMed
17.
go back to reference McDaniel MC, Douglas JS Jr. Stent area by intravascular ultrasound and outcomes in left main intervention with drug-eluting stents: small stents, more events. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:542–4.PubMed McDaniel MC, Douglas JS Jr. Stent area by intravascular ultrasound and outcomes in left main intervention with drug-eluting stents: small stents, more events. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:542–4.PubMed
18.
go back to reference Sonoda S, Morino Y, Ako J, Terashima M, Hassan AH, Bonneau HN, et al. Impact of final stent dimensions on long-term results following sirolimus-eluting stent implantation: serial intravascular ultrasound analysis from the sirius trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1959–63.PubMed Sonoda S, Morino Y, Ako J, Terashima M, Hassan AH, Bonneau HN, et al. Impact of final stent dimensions on long-term results following sirolimus-eluting stent implantation: serial intravascular ultrasound analysis from the sirius trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1959–63.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Ehara S, Kobayashi Y, Yoshiyama M, Shimada K, Shimada Y, Fukuda D, et al. Spotty calcification typifies the culprit plaque in patients with acute myocardial infarction: an intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation. 2004;110:3424–9.PubMed Ehara S, Kobayashi Y, Yoshiyama M, Shimada K, Shimada Y, Fukuda D, et al. Spotty calcification typifies the culprit plaque in patients with acute myocardial infarction: an intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation. 2004;110:3424–9.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Glagov S, Weisenberg E, Zarins CK, Stankunavicius R, Kolettis GJ. Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1371–5.PubMed Glagov S, Weisenberg E, Zarins CK, Stankunavicius R, Kolettis GJ. Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1371–5.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Okura H, Morino Y, Oshima A, Hayase M, Ward MR, Popma JJ, et al. Preintervention arterial remodeling affects clinical outcome following stenting: an intravascular ultrasound study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1031–5.PubMed Okura H, Morino Y, Oshima A, Hayase M, Ward MR, Popma JJ, et al. Preintervention arterial remodeling affects clinical outcome following stenting: an intravascular ultrasound study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1031–5.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Okura H, Kobayashi Y, Sumitsuji S, Terashima M, Kataoka T, Masutani M, et al. Effect of culprit-lesion remodeling versus plaque rupture on three-year outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2009;103:791–5.PubMed Okura H, Kobayashi Y, Sumitsuji S, Terashima M, Kataoka T, Masutani M, et al. Effect of culprit-lesion remodeling versus plaque rupture on three-year outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2009;103:791–5.PubMed
23.
go back to reference Tsujita K, Sugiyama S, Sumida H, Shimomura H, Yamashita T, Yamanaga K, et al. Impact of dual lipid-lowering strategy with ezetimibe and atorvastatin on coronary plaque regression in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention: the multicenter randomized controlled PRECISE-IVUS trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:495–507.PubMed Tsujita K, Sugiyama S, Sumida H, Shimomura H, Yamashita T, Yamanaga K, et al. Impact of dual lipid-lowering strategy with ezetimibe and atorvastatin on coronary plaque regression in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention: the multicenter randomized controlled PRECISE-IVUS trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:495–507.PubMed
24.
go back to reference Pasterkamp G, Borst C, Gussenhoven EJ, Mali WP, Post MJ, The SH, et al. Remodeling of de novo atherosclerotic lesions in femoral arteries: impact on mechanism of balloon angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:422–8.PubMed Pasterkamp G, Borst C, Gussenhoven EJ, Mali WP, Post MJ, The SH, et al. Remodeling of de novo atherosclerotic lesions in femoral arteries: impact on mechanism of balloon angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:422–8.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Ko YG, Shin DH, Kim JS, Kim BK, Choi D, Hong MK, et al. Comparison of neointimal hyperplasia and peri-stent vascular remodeling after implantation of everolimus-eluting versus sirolimus-eluting stents: intravascular ultrasound results from the EXCELLENT study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;29:1229–36.PubMed Ko YG, Shin DH, Kim JS, Kim BK, Choi D, Hong MK, et al. Comparison of neointimal hyperplasia and peri-stent vascular remodeling after implantation of everolimus-eluting versus sirolimus-eluting stents: intravascular ultrasound results from the EXCELLENT study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;29:1229–36.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Nakazawa G, Otsuka F, Nakano M, Vorpahl M, Yazdani SK, Ladich E, et al. The pathology of neoatherosclerosis in human coronary implants bare-metal and drug-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:1314–22.PubMedPubMedCentral Nakazawa G, Otsuka F, Nakano M, Vorpahl M, Yazdani SK, Ladich E, et al. The pathology of neoatherosclerosis in human coronary implants bare-metal and drug-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:1314–22.PubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference Kang SJ, Mintz GS, Park DW, Lee SW, Kim YH, Lee CW, et al. Tissue characterization of in-stent neointima using intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106:1561–5.PubMed Kang SJ, Mintz GS, Park DW, Lee SW, Kim YH, Lee CW, et al. Tissue characterization of in-stent neointima using intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106:1561–5.PubMed
28.
go back to reference Wu X, Maehara A, Mintz GS, Kubo T, Xu K, Choi SY, et al. Virtual histology intravascular ultrasound analysis of non-culprit attenuated plaques detected by grayscale intravascular ultrasound in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105:48–53.PubMed Wu X, Maehara A, Mintz GS, Kubo T, Xu K, Choi SY, et al. Virtual histology intravascular ultrasound analysis of non-culprit attenuated plaques detected by grayscale intravascular ultrasound in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105:48–53.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Sano K, Kawasaki M, Ishihara Y, Okubo M, Tsuchiya K, Nishigaki K, et al. Assessment of vulnerable plaques causing acute coronary syndrome using integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:734–41.PubMed Sano K, Kawasaki M, Ishihara Y, Okubo M, Tsuchiya K, Nishigaki K, et al. Assessment of vulnerable plaques causing acute coronary syndrome using integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:734–41.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Hibi K, Kozuma K, Sonoda S, Endo T, Tanaka H, Kyono H, et al. A randomized study of distal filter protection versus conventional treatment during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with attenuated plaque identified by intravascular ultrasound. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;11:1545–55.PubMed Hibi K, Kozuma K, Sonoda S, Endo T, Tanaka H, Kyono H, et al. A randomized study of distal filter protection versus conventional treatment during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with attenuated plaque identified by intravascular ultrasound. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;11:1545–55.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Kearney P, Erbel R, Rupprecht HJ, Ge J, Koch L, Voigtlander T, et al. Differences in the morphology of unstable and stable coronary lesions and their impact on the mechanisms of angioplasty. An in vivo study with intravascular ultrasound. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:721–30.PubMed Kearney P, Erbel R, Rupprecht HJ, Ge J, Koch L, Voigtlander T, et al. Differences in the morphology of unstable and stable coronary lesions and their impact on the mechanisms of angioplasty. An in vivo study with intravascular ultrasound. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:721–30.PubMed
32.
go back to reference Honye J, Saito S, Takayama T, Yajima J, Shimizu T, Chiku M, et al. Clinical utility of negative contrast intravascular ultrasound to evaluate plaque morphology before and after coronary interventions. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:687–90.PubMed Honye J, Saito S, Takayama T, Yajima J, Shimizu T, Chiku M, et al. Clinical utility of negative contrast intravascular ultrasound to evaluate plaque morphology before and after coronary interventions. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:687–90.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Johnson TW, Raber L, di Mario C, Bourantas C, Jia H, Mattesini A, et al. Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 2: acute coronary syndromes, ambiguous coronary angiography findings, and guiding interventional decision-making: an expert consensus document of the European association of percutaneous cardiovascular interventions. Eur Heart J. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz332.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Johnson TW, Raber L, di Mario C, Bourantas C, Jia H, Mattesini A, et al. Clinical use of intracoronary imaging. Part 2: acute coronary syndromes, ambiguous coronary angiography findings, and guiding interventional decision-making: an expert consensus document of the European association of percutaneous cardiovascular interventions. Eur Heart J. 2019. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehz332.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
go back to reference Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Finn AV, Gold HK, Tulenko TN, et al. Atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability to rupture: angiogenesis as a source of intraplaque hemorrhage. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:2054–61.PubMed Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Finn AV, Gold HK, Tulenko TN, et al. Atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability to rupture: angiogenesis as a source of intraplaque hemorrhage. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:2054–61.PubMed
35.
go back to reference Fujii K, Kobayashi Y, Mintz GS, Takebayashi H, Dangas G, Moussa I, et al. Intravascular ultrasound assessment of ulcerated ruptured plaques: a comparison of culprit and nonculprit lesions of patients with acute coronary syndromes and lesions in patients without acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2003;108:2473–8.PubMed Fujii K, Kobayashi Y, Mintz GS, Takebayashi H, Dangas G, Moussa I, et al. Intravascular ultrasound assessment of ulcerated ruptured plaques: a comparison of culprit and nonculprit lesions of patients with acute coronary syndromes and lesions in patients without acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2003;108:2473–8.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Xu Y, Mintz GS, Tam A, McPherson JA, Iniguez A, Fajadet J, et al. Prevalence, distribution, predictors, and outcomes of patients with calcified nodules in native coronary arteries: a 3-vessel intravascular ultrasound analysis from providing regional observations to study predictors of events in the coronary tree (PROSPECT). Circulation. 2012;126:537–45.PubMed Xu Y, Mintz GS, Tam A, McPherson JA, Iniguez A, Fajadet J, et al. Prevalence, distribution, predictors, and outcomes of patients with calcified nodules in native coronary arteries: a 3-vessel intravascular ultrasound analysis from providing regional observations to study predictors of events in the coronary tree (PROSPECT). Circulation. 2012;126:537–45.PubMed
37.
go back to reference Sakamoto K, Nagamatsu S, Yamamoto E, Kaikita K, Tsujita K. Atherosclerotic coronary plaque development visualized by in vivo coronary imaging. Circ J. 2018;82:1727–34.PubMed Sakamoto K, Nagamatsu S, Yamamoto E, Kaikita K, Tsujita K. Atherosclerotic coronary plaque development visualized by in vivo coronary imaging. Circ J. 2018;82:1727–34.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Qiu F, Mintz GS, Witzenbichler B, Metzger DC, Rinaldi MJ, Duffy PL, et al. Prevalence and clinical impact of tissue protrusion after stent implantation: an ADAPT-DES intravascular ultrasound substudy. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9:1499–507.PubMed Qiu F, Mintz GS, Witzenbichler B, Metzger DC, Rinaldi MJ, Duffy PL, et al. Prevalence and clinical impact of tissue protrusion after stent implantation: an ADAPT-DES intravascular ultrasound substudy. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9:1499–507.PubMed
39.
go back to reference Hong MK, Park SW, Lee CW, Kang DH, Song JK, Kim JJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of minor plaque prolapsed within stents documented with intravascular ultrasound. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2000;51:22–6.PubMed Hong MK, Park SW, Lee CW, Kang DH, Song JK, Kim JJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of minor plaque prolapsed within stents documented with intravascular ultrasound. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2000;51:22–6.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Okuya Y, Saito Y, Sakai Y, Ishibashi I, Kobayashi Y. Impact of tissue protrusion after coronary stenting in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;35:401–7.PubMed Okuya Y, Saito Y, Sakai Y, Ishibashi I, Kobayashi Y. Impact of tissue protrusion after coronary stenting in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;35:401–7.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Sotomi Y, Suwannasom P, Tenekecioglu E, Collet C, Nakatani S, Okamura T, et al. Imaging assessment of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2018;33:11–22.PubMed Sotomi Y, Suwannasom P, Tenekecioglu E, Collet C, Nakatani S, Okamura T, et al. Imaging assessment of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2018;33:11–22.PubMed
42.
go back to reference Castagna MT, Mintz GS, Ohlmann P, Kotani J, Maehara A, Gevorkian N, et al. Incidence, location, magnitude, and clinical correlates of saphenous vein graft calcification: an intravascular ultrasound and angiographic study. Circulation. 2005;111:1148–52.PubMed Castagna MT, Mintz GS, Ohlmann P, Kotani J, Maehara A, Gevorkian N, et al. Incidence, location, magnitude, and clinical correlates of saphenous vein graft calcification: an intravascular ultrasound and angiographic study. Circulation. 2005;111:1148–52.PubMed
43.
go back to reference Badano LP, Miglioranza MH, Edvardsen T, Colafranceschi AS, Muraru D, Bacal F, et al. European association of cardiovascular imaging/cardiovascular imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology recommendations for the use of cardiac imaging to assess and follow patients after heart transplantation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16:919–48.PubMed Badano LP, Miglioranza MH, Edvardsen T, Colafranceschi AS, Muraru D, Bacal F, et al. European association of cardiovascular imaging/cardiovascular imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology recommendations for the use of cardiac imaging to assess and follow patients after heart transplantation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16:919–48.PubMed
44.
go back to reference St Goar FG, Pinto FJ, Alderman EL, Valantine HA, Schroeder JS, Gao SZ, et al. Intracoronary ultrasound in cardiac transplant recipients. In vivo evidence of “angiographically silent” intimal thickening. Circulation. 1992;85:979–87.PubMed St Goar FG, Pinto FJ, Alderman EL, Valantine HA, Schroeder JS, Gao SZ, et al. Intracoronary ultrasound in cardiac transplant recipients. In vivo evidence of “angiographically silent” intimal thickening. Circulation. 1992;85:979–87.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Clinical expert consensus document on standards for measurements and assessment of intravascular ultrasound from the Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics
Authors
Yuichi Saito
Yoshio Kobayashi
Kenichi Fujii
Shinjo Sonoda
Kenichi Tsujita
Kiyoshi Hibi
Yoshihiro Morino
Hiroyuki Okura
Yuji Ikari
Junko Honye
Publication date
01-01-2020
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1868-4300
Electronic ISSN: 1868-4297
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12928-019-00625-6

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics 1/2020 Go to the issue