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Hepatology International
Published in: Hepatology International 1/2021

01-02-2021 | Fatty Liver | Review Article

How does hepatic lipid accumulation lead to lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

Authors: Yana Geng, Klaas Nico Faber, Vincent E. de Meijer, Hans Blokzijl, Han Moshage

Published in: Hepatology International | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized as excess lipid accumulation in the liver which is not due to alcohol use, has emerged as one of the major health problems around the world. The dysregulated lipid metabolism creates a lipotoxic environment which promotes the development of NAFLD, especially the progression from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Purposeand Aim

This review focuses on the mechanisms of lipid accumulation in the liver, with an emphasis on the metabolic fate of free fatty acids (FFAs) in NAFLD and presents an update on the relevant cellular processes/mechanisms that are involved in lipotoxicity. The changes in the levels of various lipid species that result from the imbalance between lipolysis/lipid uptake/lipogenesis and lipid oxidation/secretion can cause organellar dysfunction, e.g. ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dysfunction, JNK activation, secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and aggravate (or be exacerbated by) hypoxia which ultimately lead to cell death. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of how abnormal lipid metabolism leads to lipotoxicity and the cellular mechanisms of lipotoxicity in the context of NAFLD.
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Metadata
Title
How does hepatic lipid accumulation lead to lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Authors
Yana Geng
Klaas Nico Faber
Vincent E. de Meijer
Hans Blokzijl
Han Moshage
Publication date
01-02-2021
Publisher
Springer India
Keyword
Fatty Liver
Published in
Hepatology International / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 1936-0533
Electronic ISSN: 1936-0541
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-020-10121-2

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