Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Rheumatology Reports 2/2013

01-02-2013 | CHRONIC PAIN (LJ CROFFORD, SECTION EDITOR)

Nonpharmacological Treatment of Pain in Rheumatic Diseases and Other Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions

Authors: Natoshia Raishevich Cunningham, Susmita Kashikar-Zuck

Published in: Current Rheumatology Reports | Issue 2/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Pain is a complex phenomenon affected by biological, psychological, and social factors. Treatment of pain is most effective when using a multidisciplinary approach consisting of a careful selection of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions based upon disease factors, pain characteristics, psychological coping abilities, and lifestyle factors. In this review we focus on research-based evidence for non-pharmacological intervention including psychological intervention, physical exercise, patient education, and complementary approaches for pain management for patients with rheumatic diseases and common musculoskeletal pain conditions, such as low back pain. The vast majority of research studies on chronic pain conditions are focused on adults but pediatric studies are also reviewed wherever possible, to give the reader a more inclusive view of non-pharmacological approaches for pain management across the lifespan.
Literature
1.
go back to reference • Committee on Advancing Pain Research C, Education, Medicine Io. Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research: The National Academies Press; 2011. This statement from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) is important because it assesses the state of pain science in the domains of research, care, and education and provides recommendations to advance the field. • Committee on Advancing Pain Research C, Education, Medicine Io. Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research: The National Academies Press; 2011. This statement from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) is important because it assesses the state of pain science in the domains of research, care, and education and provides recommendations to advance the field.
2.
go back to reference Sharma L. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. In: Moskowitz RW, Howell OS, Altman RD, Buckwalter JA, Goldberg VM, editors. Osteoarthritis: diagnosis and medical/surgical management. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Sanders; 2001. p. 3–17. Sharma L. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. In: Moskowitz RW, Howell OS, Altman RD, Buckwalter JA, Goldberg VM, editors. Osteoarthritis: diagnosis and medical/surgical management. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Sanders; 2001. p. 3–17.
3.
go back to reference Harris ED, Zorab R. Rheumatoid arthritis. Philadelphia: WB Sanders; 1997. Harris ED, Zorab R. Rheumatoid arthritis. Philadelphia: WB Sanders; 1997.
4.
go back to reference Wolfe F, Cathey MA, Hawley DJ. Prevalence of primary and secondary fibrositis. J Rheumatol. 1994;10:965–8. Wolfe F, Cathey MA, Hawley DJ. Prevalence of primary and secondary fibrositis. J Rheumatol. 1994;10:965–8.
5.
go back to reference Wolfe F, Ross CK, Anderson SK, Russell IJ. Aspects of fibromyalgia in the general population: sex, pain threshold, and fibromyalgia symptoms. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(1):19–28.PubMedCrossRef Wolfe F, Ross CK, Anderson SK, Russell IJ. Aspects of fibromyalgia in the general population: sex, pain threshold, and fibromyalgia symptoms. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(1):19–28.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Buskila D, Press J, Gedalia A, Klein M, Neumann L, Boehm R, et al. Assessment of nonarticular tenderness and prevalence of fibromyalgia in children. J Rheumatol. 1993;20:368–70.PubMed Buskila D, Press J, Gedalia A, Klein M, Neumann L, Boehm R, et al. Assessment of nonarticular tenderness and prevalence of fibromyalgia in children. J Rheumatol. 1993;20:368–70.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg DL, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(2):160–72.PubMedCrossRef Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg DL, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(2):160–72.PubMedCrossRef
8.
10.
go back to reference Van Tulder MW. Treatment of low back pain: myths and facts. Der Schmertz. 2001;15:499–503.CrossRef Van Tulder MW. Treatment of low back pain: myths and facts. Der Schmertz. 2001;15:499–503.CrossRef
12.
13.
go back to reference Turk DC, Rudy TE. Cognitive factors and persistent pain: a glimpse into Pandora’s box. Cognit Ther Res. 1992;16(2):99–122.CrossRef Turk DC, Rudy TE. Cognitive factors and persistent pain: a glimpse into Pandora’s box. Cognit Ther Res. 1992;16(2):99–122.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Palermo TM, Chambers CT. Parent and family factors in pediatric chronic pain and disability: an integrative approach. Pain. 2005;119:1–4.PubMedCrossRef Palermo TM, Chambers CT. Parent and family factors in pediatric chronic pain and disability: an integrative approach. Pain. 2005;119:1–4.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Evers AWM, Kraaimaat FW, Geene R, Jacobs JWG, Bijlsma JWJ. Pain coping and social support as predictors of long-term functional disability and pain in early rheumatoid arthritis. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41(11):1295–310.PubMedCrossRef Evers AWM, Kraaimaat FW, Geene R, Jacobs JWG, Bijlsma JWJ. Pain coping and social support as predictors of long-term functional disability and pain in early rheumatoid arthritis. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41(11):1295–310.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Turner JA, Jensen MP, Romano JM. Do beliefs, coping, and catastrophizing independent predict functioning in patients with chronic pain? Pain. 2000;85(1–2):115–25.PubMedCrossRef Turner JA, Jensen MP, Romano JM. Do beliefs, coping, and catastrophizing independent predict functioning in patients with chronic pain? Pain. 2000;85(1–2):115–25.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Keefe FJ, Abernethy AP, Campbell LC. Psychological approaches to understanding and treating disease-related pain. Annu Rev Psychol. 2005;56:601–30.PubMedCrossRef Keefe FJ, Abernethy AP, Campbell LC. Psychological approaches to understanding and treating disease-related pain. Annu Rev Psychol. 2005;56:601–30.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Haythornthwaite JA, Menefee LA, Heinberg LJ, Clark MR. Pain coping strategies predict perceived control over pain. Pain. 1998;77(1):33–9.PubMedCrossRef Haythornthwaite JA, Menefee LA, Heinberg LJ, Clark MR. Pain coping strategies predict perceived control over pain. Pain. 1998;77(1):33–9.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G, editors. Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press; 1979. Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G, editors. Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press; 1979.
20.
21.
go back to reference Keefe FJ, Affleck G, Lefebvre JC, Starr K, et al. Pain coping strategies and coping efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis: a daily process analysis. Pain. 1997;69(1–2):35–42.PubMedCrossRef Keefe FJ, Affleck G, Lefebvre JC, Starr K, et al. Pain coping strategies and coping efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis: a daily process analysis. Pain. 1997;69(1–2):35–42.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Burckhardt CS, Goldenberg DL, Crofford L, Gerwin R, S. G, Jackson DA, et al. Guidelines for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome pain in adults and children. APS Clinical Practice Guidelines Series. Glenview, IL: American Pain Society; 2005 Burckhardt CS, Goldenberg DL, Crofford L, Gerwin R, S. G, Jackson DA, et al. Guidelines for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome pain in adults and children. APS Clinical Practice Guidelines Series. Glenview, IL: American Pain Society; 2005
23.
go back to reference Thieme K, Turk DC, Flor H. Comorbid depression and anxiety in fibromyalgia syndrome: relationship to somatic and psychosocial variables. Psychosom Med. 2004;66(6):837–44.PubMedCrossRef Thieme K, Turk DC, Flor H. Comorbid depression and anxiety in fibromyalgia syndrome: relationship to somatic and psychosocial variables. Psychosom Med. 2004;66(6):837–44.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Evers AW, Kraaimaat FW, Geenen R, Jacobs JW, Bijlsma J. Longterm predictors of anxiety and depressed mood in early rheumatoid arthritis: a 3 and 5 year followup. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(11):2327–36.PubMed Evers AW, Kraaimaat FW, Geenen R, Jacobs JW, Bijlsma J. Longterm predictors of anxiety and depressed mood in early rheumatoid arthritis: a 3 and 5 year followup. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(11):2327–36.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Gatchel RJ, Robinson RC, Pulliam C, Maddrey AM. Biofeedback with pain patients: evidence for its effectiveness. Semin Pain Med. 2003;1(2):55–66.CrossRef Gatchel RJ, Robinson RC, Pulliam C, Maddrey AM. Biofeedback with pain patients: evidence for its effectiveness. Semin Pain Med. 2003;1(2):55–66.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Astin JA, Beckner W, Soeken K, Hochberg MC, Berman B. Psychological interventions for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Care Res. 2002;47(3):291–302.CrossRef Astin JA, Beckner W, Soeken K, Hochberg MC, Berman B. Psychological interventions for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Care Res. 2002;47(3):291–302.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Williams DA. Psychological and behavioural therapies in fibromyalgia and related syndromes. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2003;17(4):649–65.PubMedCrossRef Williams DA. Psychological and behavioural therapies in fibromyalgia and related syndromes. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2003;17(4):649–65.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Buckelew SP, Conway R, Parker JC, Deuser WE, Read J, Witty TE, et al. Biofeedback/relaxation training and exercise interventions for fibromyalgia: a prospective trial. Arthritis Care Res. 1998;11(3):196–209.PubMedCrossRef Buckelew SP, Conway R, Parker JC, Deuser WE, Read J, Witty TE, et al. Biofeedback/relaxation training and exercise interventions for fibromyalgia: a prospective trial. Arthritis Care Res. 1998;11(3):196–209.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Nielson WR, Walker C, McCain GA. Cognitive behavioral treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: preliminary findings. J Rheumatol. 1992;19:98–103.PubMed Nielson WR, Walker C, McCain GA. Cognitive behavioral treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: preliminary findings. J Rheumatol. 1992;19:98–103.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Singh BB, Berman BM, Hadhazy V, Creamer P. A pilot study of cognitive behavioral therapy in fibromyalgia. Altern Ther Health Med. 1998;4(2):67–70.PubMed Singh BB, Berman BM, Hadhazy V, Creamer P. A pilot study of cognitive behavioral therapy in fibromyalgia. Altern Ther Health Med. 1998;4(2):67–70.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Soares JJF, Grossi G. A randomized, controlled comparison of educational and behavioral interventions for woman with fibromyalgia. Scand J Occup Ther. 2002;9:35–45.CrossRef Soares JJF, Grossi G. A randomized, controlled comparison of educational and behavioral interventions for woman with fibromyalgia. Scand J Occup Ther. 2002;9:35–45.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Vlaeyen JW, Teeken-Gruben NJ, Goossens ME, Rutten-van Molken MP, Pelt RA, Van Eek H, et al. Cognitive-educational treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized clinical trial. I. Clinical effects. J Rheumatol. 1996;23(7):1237–45.PubMed Vlaeyen JW, Teeken-Gruben NJ, Goossens ME, Rutten-van Molken MP, Pelt RA, Van Eek H, et al. Cognitive-educational treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized clinical trial. I. Clinical effects. J Rheumatol. 1996;23(7):1237–45.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Hoffman BM, Papas RK, Chatkoff DK, Kerns RD. Meta-analysis of psychological interventions for chronic low back pain. Health Psychol. 2007;26(1):1–9.PubMedCrossRef Hoffman BM, Papas RK, Chatkoff DK, Kerns RD. Meta-analysis of psychological interventions for chronic low back pain. Health Psychol. 2007;26(1):1–9.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Walco GA, Varni JW, Illowite NT. Cognitive-behavioral pain management in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatrics. 1992;89:1075–9.PubMed Walco GA, Varni JW, Illowite NT. Cognitive-behavioral pain management in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatrics. 1992;89:1075–9.PubMed
35.
go back to reference Anthony KK, Schanberg L. Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2001;3(2):165–71.PubMedCrossRef Anthony KK, Schanberg L. Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2001;3(2):165–71.PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Kashikar-Zuck S, Swain NF, Jones BA, Graham TB. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral intervention for juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(8):1594–602.PubMed Kashikar-Zuck S, Swain NF, Jones BA, Graham TB. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral intervention for juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(8):1594–602.PubMed
37.
go back to reference • Kashikar-Zuck S, Ting TV, Arnold LM, Bean J, Powers SW, Graham TB, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of juvenile fibromyalgia: A multisite, single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2012;64(1):297–305. This paper was the first RCT for a sample of youth with juvenile FMS to demonstrate that CBT is a safe and effective treatment for reducing functional disability and depressive symptoms compared with an education control. • Kashikar-Zuck S, Ting TV, Arnold LM, Bean J, Powers SW, Graham TB, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of juvenile fibromyalgia: A multisite, single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2012;64(1):297–305. This paper was the first RCT for a sample of youth with juvenile FMS to demonstrate that CBT is a safe and effective treatment for reducing functional disability and depressive symptoms compared with an education control.
38.
go back to reference McCracken LM, Eccleston C. A prospective study of acceptance of pain and patient functioning with chronic pain. Pain. 2005;118:164–9.PubMedCrossRef McCracken LM, Eccleston C. A prospective study of acceptance of pain and patient functioning with chronic pain. Pain. 2005;118:164–9.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference McCracken LM, Vowles KE, Eccleston C. Acceptance of chronic pain: component analysis and a revised assessment method. Pain. 2004;107(1–2):159–66.PubMedCrossRef McCracken LM, Vowles KE, Eccleston C. Acceptance of chronic pain: component analysis and a revised assessment method. Pain. 2004;107(1–2):159–66.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference McCracken LM, Vowles KE, Eccleston C. Acceptance-based treatment for persons with complex, long standing chronic pain: a preliminary analysis of treatment outcome in comparison to a waiting phase. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43(10):1335–46.PubMedCrossRef McCracken LM, Vowles KE, Eccleston C. Acceptance-based treatment for persons with complex, long standing chronic pain: a preliminary analysis of treatment outcome in comparison to a waiting phase. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43(10):1335–46.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Vowles KE, McCracken LM. Acceptance and values-based action in chronic pain: a study of treatment effectiveness and process. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76(3):397–407.PubMedCrossRef Vowles KE, McCracken LM. Acceptance and values-based action in chronic pain: a study of treatment effectiveness and process. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76(3):397–407.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Wicksell RK, Olsson GL, Hayes SC. Mediators of change in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for pediatric chronic pain. Pain. 2011;152(12):2792–801.PubMedCrossRef Wicksell RK, Olsson GL, Hayes SC. Mediators of change in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for pediatric chronic pain. Pain. 2011;152(12):2792–801.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Simon LS, Lipman AG, Caudill-Slosberg M, Gill LH, Kerr KL, al. e, editors. Guidelines for the Management of Pain in Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Juvenile Chronic Arthritis. Glenville, IL: American Pain Society; 2002 Simon LS, Lipman AG, Caudill-Slosberg M, Gill LH, Kerr KL, al. e, editors. Guidelines for the Management of Pain in Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Juvenile Chronic Arthritis. Glenville, IL: American Pain Society; 2002
44.
go back to reference Osteoarthritis ACoRSo. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2000;43(9):1905–15 Osteoarthritis ACoRSo. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2000;43(9):1905–15
45.
go back to reference American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis G. Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: 2002 Update. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(2):328–46.CrossRef American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis G. Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: 2002 Update. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(2):328–46.CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Liddle SD, Baxter GD, Gracey JH. Exercise and chronic low back pain: what works? Pain. 2004;107(1–2):176–90.PubMedCrossRef Liddle SD, Baxter GD, Gracey JH. Exercise and chronic low back pain: what works? Pain. 2004;107(1–2):176–90.PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Jones KD, Burckhardt CS, Clark JE, Bennett RM, Potempa KM. A randomized controlled trial of muscle strengthening versus flexibility training in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(5):1041–8.PubMed Jones KD, Burckhardt CS, Clark JE, Bennett RM, Potempa KM. A randomized controlled trial of muscle strengthening versus flexibility training in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(5):1041–8.PubMed
48.
go back to reference Hauser W, Klose P, Langhorst J, Moradi B, Steinbach M, Schiltenwolf M, et al. Efficacy of different types of aerobic exercise in fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Arthritis research & therapy. 2010;12(3):R79 Hauser W, Klose P, Langhorst J, Moradi B, Steinbach M, Schiltenwolf M, et al. Efficacy of different types of aerobic exercise in fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Arthritis research & therapy. 2010;12(3):R79
49.
go back to reference Sim J, Adams N. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacological interventions for fibromyalgia. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(5):324–36.PubMedCrossRef Sim J, Adams N. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacological interventions for fibromyalgia. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(5):324–36.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Sculco AD, Paup DC, Fernhall B, Sculco MJ. Effects of aerobic exercise on low back pain patients in treatment. Spine J. 2001;1(2):95–101.PubMedCrossRef Sculco AD, Paup DC, Fernhall B, Sculco MJ. Effects of aerobic exercise on low back pain patients in treatment. Spine J. 2001;1(2):95–101.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Hurkmans E, van der Giesen FJ, Vliet Vlieland TP, Schoones J, Van den Ende C. Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009;(4) Hurkmans E, van der Giesen FJ, Vliet Vlieland TP, Schoones J, Van den Ende C. Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009;(4)
52.
go back to reference Brosseau L, MacLeay L, Welch V, Tugwell P, Wells GA. Intensity of exercise for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003;(2) Brosseau L, MacLeay L, Welch V, Tugwell P, Wells GA. Intensity of exercise for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003;(2)
53.
go back to reference Bartels EM, Lund H, Hagen KB, Dagfinrud H, Christensen R, Danneskiold-Samoe B. Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009;(4) Bartels EM, Lund H, Hagen KB, Dagfinrud H, Christensen R, Danneskiold-Samoe B. Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009;(4)
54.
go back to reference • Escalante Y, Saavedra JM, García-Hermoso A, Silva AJ, Barbosa TM. Physical exercise and reduction of pain in adults with lower limb osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 2010;23(4):175–86. This review summarized the results of 33 research studies that evaluated the effect of exercise programs on pain for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis. On the basis of these studies, this article reports evidence of the effectiveness of exercise programs on pain for individuals with OA. • Escalante Y, Saavedra JM, García-Hermoso A, Silva AJ, Barbosa TM. Physical exercise and reduction of pain in adults with lower limb osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 2010;23(4):175–86. This review summarized the results of 33 research studies that evaluated the effect of exercise programs on pain for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis. On the basis of these studies, this article reports evidence of the effectiveness of exercise programs on pain for individuals with OA.
55.
go back to reference Hooten WM, Qu W, Townsend CO, Judd JW. Effects of strength vs aerobic exercise on pain severity in adults with fibromyalgia: a randomized equivalence trial. Pain. 2012;153(4):915.PubMedCrossRef Hooten WM, Qu W, Townsend CO, Judd JW. Effects of strength vs aerobic exercise on pain severity in adults with fibromyalgia: a randomized equivalence trial. Pain. 2012;153(4):915.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Busch AJ, Barber KAR, Overend TJ, Peloso PMJ, Schachter CL, editors. Exercise for treating fibromyalgia syndrome: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007 Busch AJ, Barber KAR, Overend TJ, Peloso PMJ, Schachter CL, editors. Exercise for treating fibromyalgia syndrome: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007
57.
go back to reference van Saten M, Bowlwijn P, Verstappen F, et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing fitness and biofeedback training versus basic treatment in patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:575–81. van Saten M, Bowlwijn P, Verstappen F, et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing fitness and biofeedback training versus basic treatment in patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:575–81.
60.
go back to reference Stephens S, Feldman BM, Bradley N, Schneiderman J, Wright V, Singh-Grewal D, et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program in children with fibromyalgia: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(10):1399–406.PubMedCrossRef Stephens S, Feldman BM, Bradley N, Schneiderman J, Wright V, Singh-Grewal D, et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program in children with fibromyalgia: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(10):1399–406.PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Kimura Y, Walco GA. Treatment of chronic pain in pediatric rheumatic disease. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007;3(4):210–8.PubMedCrossRef Kimura Y, Walco GA. Treatment of chronic pain in pediatric rheumatic disease. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007;3(4):210–8.PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Gowans SE, deHueck A. Effectiveness of exercise in management of fibromyalgia. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2004;16(2):138–42.PubMedCrossRef Gowans SE, deHueck A. Effectiveness of exercise in management of fibromyalgia. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2004;16(2):138–42.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Lorig K, Holman H. Arthritis self-management studies: a twelve-year review. Health Educ Q. 1993;20(1):17–28.PubMedCrossRef Lorig K, Holman H. Arthritis self-management studies: a twelve-year review. Health Educ Q. 1993;20(1):17–28.PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Warsi A WPSLMPAJSDH. Self-management education programs in chronic disease: A systematic review and methodological critique of the literature. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004;164(15):1641–9 Warsi A WPSLMPAJSDH. Self-management education programs in chronic disease: A systematic review and methodological critique of the literature. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004;164(15):1641–9
65.
go back to reference Superio-Cabuslay E, Ward MM, Lorig KR. Patient education interventions in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analytic comparison with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment. Arthritis Care Res. 1996;9(4):292–301.PubMedCrossRef Superio-Cabuslay E, Ward MM, Lorig KR. Patient education interventions in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analytic comparison with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment. Arthritis Care Res. 1996;9(4):292–301.PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference • Riemsma RP, Kirwan JR, Taal E, Rasker JJH. Patient education for adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010;(11). This Cochrane review examined the results of 31 research studies on patient education for individuals with RA. It concluded significant effects of patient education at first follow-up for scores on disability, joint counts, patient global assessment, psychological status, and depression, with no effects on anxiety and disease activity. • Riemsma RP, Kirwan JR, Taal E, Rasker JJH. Patient education for adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010;(11). This Cochrane review examined the results of 31 research studies on patient education for individuals with RA. It concluded significant effects of patient education at first follow-up for scores on disability, joint counts, patient global assessment, psychological status, and depression, with no effects on anxiety and disease activity.
67.
go back to reference Nicassio PM, Radojevic V, Weisman MH, Schuman C, Kim J, Schoenfeld-Smith K, et al. A comparison of behavioral and educational interventions for fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 1997;24(10):2000–7.PubMed Nicassio PM, Radojevic V, Weisman MH, Schuman C, Kim J, Schoenfeld-Smith K, et al. A comparison of behavioral and educational interventions for fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 1997;24(10):2000–7.PubMed
68.
go back to reference Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Battié M, Street J, Barlow W. A comparison of physical therapy, chiropractic manipulation, and provision of an educational booklet for the treatment of patients with low back pain. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(15):1021–9.PubMedCrossRef Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Battié M, Street J, Barlow W. A comparison of physical therapy, chiropractic manipulation, and provision of an educational booklet for the treatment of patients with low back pain. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(15):1021–9.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Eccleston C, Palermo TM, Williams AC, Lewandowski A, Morley S. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2009;(2):CD003968 Eccleston C, Palermo TM, Williams AC, Lewandowski A, Morley S. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2009;(2):CD003968
70.
go back to reference Ramos-Remus C. Complementary and alternative practices in rheumatology. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2008;22:741–57.PubMedCrossRef Ramos-Remus C. Complementary and alternative practices in rheumatology. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2008;22:741–57.PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Chung W, Xu S, Eken A, He J. Current status of complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of rheumatic disease pain. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2009;5(4):194–8.CrossRef Chung W, Xu S, Eken A, He J. Current status of complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of rheumatic disease pain. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2009;5(4):194–8.CrossRef
72.
go back to reference Fiechtner J, Dinning D. Non-pharmacologic treatment options in rheumatologic disease. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2009;5:199–203.CrossRef Fiechtner J, Dinning D. Non-pharmacologic treatment options in rheumatologic disease. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2009;5:199–203.CrossRef
73.
go back to reference Bronfort G, Haas M, Evans R, Kawchuk G, Dagenais S, et al. Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with spinal manipulation and mobilization. Spine J. 2008;8:213–25.PubMedCrossRef Bronfort G, Haas M, Evans R, Kawchuk G, Dagenais S, et al. Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with spinal manipulation and mobilization. Spine J. 2008;8:213–25.PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Manheimer E, White A, Berman BM, Forys KL, Ernst E. Meta-analysis: acupuncture for low back pain. Annals of internal medicine. 2005;142(651–63) Manheimer E, White A, Berman BM, Forys KL, Ernst E. Meta-analysis: acupuncture for low back pain. Annals of internal medicine. 2005;142(651–63)
75.
go back to reference Kwon YD, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Acupuncture of peripheral joint osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2006;45:1331–7 Kwon YD, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Acupuncture of peripheral joint osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2006;45:1331–7
76.
go back to reference Fouladbakhsh J. Complementary and alternative modalities to relieve osteoarthritis symptoms: a review of the evidence on several therapies often used for osteoarthritis management. Orthop Nurs. 2012;31(2):115–21.PubMedCrossRef Fouladbakhsh J. Complementary and alternative modalities to relieve osteoarthritis symptoms: a review of the evidence on several therapies often used for osteoarthritis management. Orthop Nurs. 2012;31(2):115–21.PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Soeken KL, Selected CAM. Therapies for arthritis-related pain: the evidence from systematic reviews. Clin J Pain. 2004;20(1):13–8.PubMedCrossRef Soeken KL, Selected CAM. Therapies for arthritis-related pain: the evidence from systematic reviews. Clin J Pain. 2004;20(1):13–8.PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Ernst E. Systematic review of systematic reviews of acupuncture. Clinical medicine (London, England). 2006;6(5):508–9 Ernst E. Systematic review of systematic reviews of acupuncture. Clinical medicine (London, England). 2006;6(5):508–9
79.
go back to reference Ernst E. Complementary or alternative therapies for osteoarthritis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2006;2(2):74–80.PubMedCrossRef Ernst E. Complementary or alternative therapies for osteoarthritis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2006;2(2):74–80.PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F, Lubrano E. [Complementary medicine in rheumatoid arthritis] La medicina complementare nell'artrite reumatoide. Reumatismo. 2005;57(4):226–31 Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F, Lubrano E. [Complementary medicine in rheumatoid arthritis] La medicina complementare nell'artrite reumatoide. Reumatismo. 2005;57(4):226–31
81.
go back to reference Ernst E, Posadzki P. Complementary and alternative medicine for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: an overview of systematic reviews. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2011;15(6):431–7.PubMedCrossRef Ernst E, Posadzki P. Complementary and alternative medicine for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: an overview of systematic reviews. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2011;15(6):431–7.PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Lee H-J, Park H-J, Chae Y, Kim S-Y, Kim S-N, Kim S-T, et al. Tai Chi Qigong for the quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot, randomized, waiting list controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2009;23(6):504–11.PubMedCrossRef Lee H-J, Park H-J, Chae Y, Kim S-Y, Kim S-N, Kim S-T, et al. Tai Chi Qigong for the quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot, randomized, waiting list controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2009;23(6):504–11.PubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Brismee J-M, Paige RL, Chyu M-C, Boatright JD, Hagar JM, McCaleb JA, et al. Group and home-based tai chi in elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2007;21(2):99–111.PubMedCrossRef Brismee J-M, Paige RL, Chyu M-C, Boatright JD, Hagar JM, McCaleb JA, et al. Group and home-based tai chi in elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2007;21(2):99–111.PubMedCrossRef
84.
go back to reference Terry R, Perry R, Ernst E. An overview of systematic reviews of complementary and alternative medicine for fibromyalgia. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(1):55–66.PubMedCrossRef Terry R, Perry R, Ernst E. An overview of systematic reviews of complementary and alternative medicine for fibromyalgia. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(1):55–66.PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Langhorst J, Klose P, Musial F, Irnich D, Hauser W. Efficacy of acupuncture in fibromyalgia syndrome—a systematic review with a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2010;49(4):778–88 Langhorst J, Klose P, Musial F, Irnich D, Hauser W. Efficacy of acupuncture in fibromyalgia syndrome—a systematic review with a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2010;49(4):778–88
86.
go back to reference Verkamp EK, Flowers SR, Lynch-Jordan AM, Taylor J, Ting TV, Kashikar-Zuck S. A survey of conventional and complementary therapies used by youth with juvenile-onset fibromyalgia. Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses. 2012 Verkamp EK, Flowers SR, Lynch-Jordan AM, Taylor J, Ting TV, Kashikar-Zuck S. A survey of conventional and complementary therapies used by youth with juvenile-onset fibromyalgia. Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses. 2012
87.
go back to reference Barbour C. Use of complementary and alternative treatments by individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2000;12(8):311–6.PubMedCrossRef Barbour C. Use of complementary and alternative treatments by individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2000;12(8):311–6.PubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference Carson JW, Carson KM, Jones KD, Bennett RM, Wright CL, Mist SD. A pilot randomized controlled trial of the Yoga of Awareness program in the management of fibromyalgia. Pain. 2010;151(2):530–9.PubMedCrossRef Carson JW, Carson KM, Jones KD, Bennett RM, Wright CL, Mist SD. A pilot randomized controlled trial of the Yoga of Awareness program in the management of fibromyalgia. Pain. 2010;151(2):530–9.PubMedCrossRef
89.
go back to reference van Koulil S, Effting M, Kraaimaat FW, van Lankveld W, van Helmond T, Cats H, et al. Cognitive-behavioural therapies and exercise programmes for patients with fibromyalgia: state of the art and future directions. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(5):571–81.PubMedCrossRef van Koulil S, Effting M, Kraaimaat FW, van Lankveld W, van Helmond T, Cats H, et al. Cognitive-behavioural therapies and exercise programmes for patients with fibromyalgia: state of the art and future directions. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(5):571–81.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Nonpharmacological Treatment of Pain in Rheumatic Diseases and Other Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions
Authors
Natoshia Raishevich Cunningham
Susmita Kashikar-Zuck
Publication date
01-02-2013
Publisher
Current Science Inc.
Published in
Current Rheumatology Reports / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1523-3774
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6307
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-012-0306-y

Other articles of this Issue 2/2013

Current Rheumatology Reports 2/2013 Go to the issue

CRYSTAL ARTHRITIS (MH PILLINGER, SECTION EDITOR)

Racial and Gender Disparities Among Patients with Gout

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.