Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports 1/2014

01-03-2014 | The Science of Prevention (SC Kalichman, Section Editor)

HIV Prevention Interventions for Young Male Commercial Sex Workers

Authors: R. Ballester-Arnal, M. D. Gil-Llario, P. Salmeron-Sánchez, C. Giménez-García

Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

The sex industry, where men sell sexual services to other men or women, has grown in recent years. These men who offer sexual services are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to such factors as: frequency of risky sexual practices, number of sex partners, drug-taking, prevalence of sexually-transmitted infections (STI) and their specific situation of social exclusion which may hinder access to health services. These multi-faceted realities faced by sex workers explain the burgeoning interest in new avenues of scientific research. There are too few preventive programs however aimed at this population group and the studies that evaluate their effectiveness are fewer still. In this article we survey more recent studies on the difficulties of implementing programs for HIV prevention in male sex workers (MSW), as well as the studies that have gauged the impact of preventive programs in this group.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Toledo CA, Varangrat A, Wimolsate W, et al. Examining HIV infection among male sex workers in Bangkok, Thailand: a comparison of participants recruited at entertainment and street venues. AIDS Educ Prev. 2010;22(4):299–311.PubMedCrossRef Toledo CA, Varangrat A, Wimolsate W, et al. Examining HIV infection among male sex workers in Bangkok, Thailand: a comparison of participants recruited at entertainment and street venues. AIDS Educ Prev. 2010;22(4):299–311.PubMedCrossRef
2.•
go back to reference Liu S, Zhao J, Rou K, et al.: A survey of condom use behaviors and HIV/STI prevalence among venue-based money boys in Shenzhen, China. Aids Behav 2012a, 16(4):835–846. A study with a broad sampling base which examines more variables in the analysis of male sex work; particular emphasis is given to the perceived sexual orientation of MSWs and how this may influence the kind of sexual practices they perform. CrossRef Liu S, Zhao J, Rou K, et al.: A survey of condom use behaviors and HIV/STI prevalence among venue-based money boys in Shenzhen, China. Aids Behav 2012a, 16(4):835–846. A study with a broad sampling base which examines more variables in the analysis of male sex work; particular emphasis is given to the perceived sexual orientation of MSWs and how this may influence the kind of sexual practices they perform. CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Cortez FCP, Boer DP, Baltieri DA. A psychosocial study of male-to-female transgendered and male hustler sex workers in São Paulo, Brazil. Arch Sex Behav. 2011;40(6):1223–31.CrossRef Cortez FCP, Boer DP, Baltieri DA. A psychosocial study of male-to-female transgendered and male hustler sex workers in São Paulo, Brazil. Arch Sex Behav. 2011;40(6):1223–31.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Belza MJ. Risk of HIV infection among male sex workers in Spain. Sex Transm Infect. 2005;81(1):85–8.PubMedCrossRef Belza MJ. Risk of HIV infection among male sex workers in Spain. Sex Transm Infect. 2005;81(1):85–8.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Sethi G, Holden BM, Gaffney J, et al. HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and risk behaviours in male sex workers in London over a 10-years period. Sex Transm Infect. 2006;82:359–63.PubMedCrossRef Sethi G, Holden BM, Gaffney J, et al. HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and risk behaviours in male sex workers in London over a 10-years period. Sex Transm Infect. 2006;82:359–63.PubMedCrossRef
6.••
go back to reference Ballester R, Salmerón P, Gil MD, Gómez S: Sexual risk behaviors for HIV infection in Spanish male sex workers: differences according to educational level, country of origin and sexual orientation. Aids Behav 2012, 16:960–968. One of the most comprehensive European works on the phenomenon of male sex work. By using a broad sampling base, not only are background characteristics of Spanish MSW explored but also the quality of information they have on ways of HIV transmission, condom use with different kinds of partners, STI history and HIV status and how these variables are influenced by the educational level, country of origin and sexual orientation de los MSW. PubMedCrossRef Ballester R, Salmerón P, Gil MD, Gómez S: Sexual risk behaviors for HIV infection in Spanish male sex workers: differences according to educational level, country of origin and sexual orientation. Aids Behav 2012, 16:960–968. One of the most comprehensive European works on the phenomenon of male sex work. By using a broad sampling base, not only are background characteristics of Spanish MSW explored but also the quality of information they have on ways of HIV transmission, condom use with different kinds of partners, STI history and HIV status and how these variables are influenced by the educational level, country of origin and sexual orientation de los MSW. PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Smith MD, Seal DW. Motivational influences on the safer sex behavior of agency-based male sex workers. Arch Sex Behav. 2008;37(5):845–53.PubMedCrossRef Smith MD, Seal DW. Motivational influences on the safer sex behavior of agency-based male sex workers. Arch Sex Behav. 2008;37(5):845–53.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Chemnasiri T, Netwong T, Visarutratana S, et al. Inconsistent condom use among young men who have sex with men, male sex workers, and transgenders in Thailand. AIDS Educ Prev. 2010;22(2):100–9.PubMedCrossRef Chemnasiri T, Netwong T, Visarutratana S, et al. Inconsistent condom use among young men who have sex with men, male sex workers, and transgenders in Thailand. AIDS Educ Prev. 2010;22(2):100–9.PubMedCrossRef
9.••
go back to reference Liu S, Chen L, Li L, et al.: Condom use with various types of sex partners by money boys in China. AIDS Educ Prev 2012b, 24(2):163–178. One of the most interesting papers that examines the major differences in risky sexual practices in different types of MSW in China; furthermore, interesting suggestions are given for preventive programs aimed at this population. PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Liu S, Chen L, Li L, et al.: Condom use with various types of sex partners by money boys in China. AIDS Educ Prev 2012b, 24(2):163–178. One of the most interesting papers that examines the major differences in risky sexual practices in different types of MSW in China; furthermore, interesting suggestions are given for preventive programs aimed at this population. PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Zhao J, Cai WD, Chen L, et al. A comparison of HIV infection and related risks among male sex workers in different venues in Shenzhen. China Aids Behav. 2011;15(3):635–42.CrossRef Zhao J, Cai WD, Chen L, et al. A comparison of HIV infection and related risks among male sex workers in different venues in Shenzhen. China Aids Behav. 2011;15(3):635–42.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference McCabe I, Acree M, O’Mahony F, et al. Male street prostitution in Dublin: a psychological analysis. J Homosex. 2011;58(8):998–1021.PubMedCrossRef McCabe I, Acree M, O’Mahony F, et al. Male street prostitution in Dublin: a psychological analysis. J Homosex. 2011;58(8):998–1021.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Vuylsteke B, Das A, Dallabetta G, Laga M. Preventing HIV among sex workers. In: Mayer KH, Pizer HF, editors. HIV Prevention: A comprehensive approach. London: Academic Press; 2009. p. 376–406.CrossRef Vuylsteke B, Das A, Dallabetta G, Laga M. Preventing HIV among sex workers. In: Mayer KH, Pizer HF, editors. HIV Prevention: A comprehensive approach. London: Academic Press; 2009. p. 376–406.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Ngoc-Vu B, Mulvey KP, Baldwin S, Thanh-Nguyen S. HIV risk among drug-using men who have sex with men, men selling sex, and transgender individuals in Vietnam. Cult Health Sex. 2012;14(2):167–80.CrossRef Ngoc-Vu B, Mulvey KP, Baldwin S, Thanh-Nguyen S. HIV risk among drug-using men who have sex with men, men selling sex, and transgender individuals in Vietnam. Cult Health Sex. 2012;14(2):167–80.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Blackwell CW, Dziegielewski SF. Risk for a price: sexual activity solicitations in online male sex worker profiles. J Soc Serv Res. 2013;39(2):159–70.CrossRef Blackwell CW, Dziegielewski SF. Risk for a price: sexual activity solicitations in online male sex worker profiles. J Soc Serv Res. 2013;39(2):159–70.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Niccolai LM, King EJ, Eritsyan KU, et al. ‘In different situations, in different ways’: male sex work in St. Petersburg, Russia. Cult Health Sex. 2013;15(4):480–93.PubMedCrossRef Niccolai LM, King EJ, Eritsyan KU, et al. ‘In different situations, in different ways’: male sex work in St. Petersburg, Russia. Cult Health Sex. 2013;15(4):480–93.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Ballester R, Salmerón P, Gil MD, Giménez C. The influence of drug consumption on condom use and other aspects related to HIV infection among male sex workers in Spain. Aids Behav. 2012;17:536–42.CrossRef Ballester R, Salmerón P, Gil MD, Giménez C. The influence of drug consumption on condom use and other aspects related to HIV infection among male sex workers in Spain. Aids Behav. 2012;17:536–42.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Lau JT, Cai WD, Tsui HY, Chen L, Cheng JQ. Psychosocial factors in association with condom use during commercial sex among migrant male sex workers living in Shenzhen, mainland China who serve cross-border Hong Kong male clients. Aids Behav. 2009;13(5):939–48.PubMedCrossRef Lau JT, Cai WD, Tsui HY, Chen L, Cheng JQ. Psychosocial factors in association with condom use during commercial sex among migrant male sex workers living in Shenzhen, mainland China who serve cross-border Hong Kong male clients. Aids Behav. 2009;13(5):939–48.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Maximov AM, Kholmogorova AB. Social and psychological aspects of the phenomenon of male prostitution in the modern culture. Cultural-Histor Psychol. 2011;1:80–9. Maximov AM, Kholmogorova AB. Social and psychological aspects of the phenomenon of male prostitution in the modern culture. Cultural-Histor Psychol. 2011;1:80–9.
19.
go back to reference Cwikel JG, Lazer T, Press F, Lazer S. Sexually transmissible infections among illegal female sex workers in Israel. Sex Health. 2006;3(4):301–3.PubMedCrossRef Cwikel JG, Lazer T, Press F, Lazer S. Sexually transmissible infections among illegal female sex workers in Israel. Sex Health. 2006;3(4):301–3.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Jamel J. An investigation of the incidence of client-perpetrated sexual violence against male sex workers. Int J Sex Health. 2011;23(1):63–78.CrossRef Jamel J. An investigation of the incidence of client-perpetrated sexual violence against male sex workers. Int J Sex Health. 2011;23(1):63–78.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Miller R, Klotz D, Eckholdt H. HIV prevention with male prostitutes and patrons of hustler bars: replication of an HIV prevention intervention. Am J Community Psychol. 1998;26:97–131.PubMedCrossRef Miller R, Klotz D, Eckholdt H. HIV prevention with male prostitutes and patrons of hustler bars: replication of an HIV prevention intervention. Am J Community Psychol. 1998;26:97–131.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Ziersch A, Gaffney J, Tomlinson D. STI prevention and the male sex industry in London: evaluating a pilot peer education programme. Sex Transm Infect. 2000;76:447–53.PubMedCrossRef Ziersch A, Gaffney J, Tomlinson D. STI prevention and the male sex industry in London: evaluating a pilot peer education programme. Sex Transm Infect. 2000;76:447–53.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Williams ML, Bowen AM, Timpson SC, et al. HIV prevention and street-based male sex workers: an evaluation of brief interventions. AIDS Educ Prev. 2006;18(3):204–15.PubMedCrossRef Williams ML, Bowen AM, Timpson SC, et al. HIV prevention and street-based male sex workers: an evaluation of brief interventions. AIDS Educ Prev. 2006;18(3):204–15.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Nureña CR, Zúñiga M, Zunt J. Diversity of commercial sex among men and male-born trans people in three Peruvian cities. Cult Health Sex. 2011;13(10):1207–21.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Nureña CR, Zúñiga M, Zunt J. Diversity of commercial sex among men and male-born trans people in three Peruvian cities. Cult Health Sex. 2011;13(10):1207–21.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Özbay C. Nocturnal queers: rent boys’ masculinity in Istanbul. Sexualities. 2010;13:645–63.CrossRef Özbay C. Nocturnal queers: rent boys’ masculinity in Istanbul. Sexualities. 2010;13:645–63.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Padilla MB. The embodiment of tourism among bisexually-behaving Dominican male sex workers. Arch Sex Behav. 2008;37(5):783–93.PubMedCrossRef Padilla MB. The embodiment of tourism among bisexually-behaving Dominican male sex workers. Arch Sex Behav. 2008;37(5):783–93.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Wi T, Ramos ER, Steen R, et al. STI declines among sex workers and clients following outreach, one time preemptive treatment, and regular screening of sex workers in the Philippines. Sex Transm Infect. 2006;82:386–91.PubMedCrossRef Wi T, Ramos ER, Steen R, et al. STI declines among sex workers and clients following outreach, one time preemptive treatment, and regular screening of sex workers in the Philippines. Sex Transm Infect. 2006;82:386–91.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Kerrigan D, Moreno L, Rosario S, et al. Environmental-structural interventions to reduce HIV/STI risk among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(1):120–5.PubMedCrossRef Kerrigan D, Moreno L, Rosario S, et al. Environmental-structural interventions to reduce HIV/STI risk among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(1):120–5.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Huang ZJ, He N, Nehl EJ, et al. Social network and other correlates of HIV testing: findings from male sex workers and other MSM in Shanghai. China Aids Behav. 2012;16(4):858–71.CrossRef Huang ZJ, He N, Nehl EJ, et al. Social network and other correlates of HIV testing: findings from male sex workers and other MSM in Shanghai. China Aids Behav. 2012;16(4):858–71.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Minichiello V, Scott J, Callander D. New pleasures and old dangers: reinventing male sex work. J Sex Res. 2013;50(3–4):263–75.PubMedCrossRef Minichiello V, Scott J, Callander D. New pleasures and old dangers: reinventing male sex work. J Sex Res. 2013;50(3–4):263–75.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Cunningham S, Kendall TD. Prostitution 2.0: the changing face of sex work. J Urban Econ. 2011;69(3):273–87.CrossRef Cunningham S, Kendall TD. Prostitution 2.0: the changing face of sex work. J Urban Econ. 2011;69(3):273–87.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Lee-Gonyea JA, Castle T, Gonyea NE. Laid to order: male escorts advertising on the internet. Deviant Behav. 2009;30(4):21–348.CrossRef Lee-Gonyea JA, Castle T, Gonyea NE. Laid to order: male escorts advertising on the internet. Deviant Behav. 2009;30(4):21–348.CrossRef
33.••
go back to reference Logan TD: Personal characteristics, sexual behaviors, and male sex work a quantitative approach. Am Sociol Rev 2010, 75(5):679–704. A sociological analysis of the male prostitution phenomenon in the United States which offers a very interesting gender-based perspective. It offers greater understanding of the activity in analyzing the constructs of hegemonic masculinity and how it effects the various expressions of sexual work in different cultures. CrossRef Logan TD: Personal characteristics, sexual behaviors, and male sex work a quantitative approach. Am Sociol Rev 2010, 75(5):679–704. A sociological analysis of the male prostitution phenomenon in the United States which offers a very interesting gender-based perspective. It offers greater understanding of the activity in analyzing the constructs of hegemonic masculinity and how it effects the various expressions of sexual work in different cultures. CrossRef
Metadata
Title
HIV Prevention Interventions for Young Male Commercial Sex Workers
Authors
R. Ballester-Arnal
M. D. Gil-Llario
P. Salmeron-Sánchez
C. Giménez-García
Publication date
01-03-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Issue 1/2014
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Electronic ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-013-0195-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

Current HIV/AIDS Reports 1/2014 Go to the issue

HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay, Section Editor)

Are Infants Unique in Their Ability to be “Functionally Cured” of HIV-1?

The Science of Prevention (SC Kalichman, Section Editor)

Social Networks, Sexual Networks and HIV Risk in Men Who Have Sex with Men

HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay, Section Editor)

Inflammatory Co-morbidities in HIV+ Individuals: Learning Lessons from Healthy Ageing

The Science of Prevention (SC Kalichman, Section Editor)

People Who Inject Drugs in Intimate Relationships: It Takes Two to Combat HIV

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.