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Current Gastroenterology Reports

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01-12-2017 | Nutrition and Obesity (S McClave and J Obert, Section Editors)

The Association Between Artificial Sweeteners and Obesity

Authors: Michelle Pearlman, Jon Obert, Lisa Casey

Published in: Current Gastroenterology Reports | Issue 12/2017

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this paper is to review the epidemiology of obesity and the evolution of artificial sweeteners; to examine the latest research on the effects of artificial sweeteners on the host microbiome, the gut-brain axis, glucose homeostasis, and energy consumption; and to discuss how all of these changes ultimately contribute to obesity.

Recent Findings

Although artificial sweeteners were developed as a sugar substitute to help reduce insulin resistance and obesity, data in both animal models and humans suggest that the effects of artificial sweeteners may contribute to metabolic syndrome and the obesity epidemic. Artificial sweeteners appear to change the host microbiome, lead to decreased satiety, and alter glucose homeostasis, and are associated with increased caloric consumption and weight gain.

Summary

Artificial sweeteners are marketed as a healthy alternative to sugar and as a tool for weight loss. Data however suggests that the intended effects do not correlate with what is seen in clinical practice. Future research should focus on the newer plant-based sweeteners, incorporate extended study durations to determine the long-term effects of artificial sweetener consumption, and focus on changes in the microbiome, as that seems to be one of the main driving forces behind nutrient absorption and glucose metabolism.

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Title: The Association Between Artificial Sweeteners and Obesity
Authors: Michelle Pearlman
Jon Obert
Lisa Casey
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Current Gastroenterology Reports / Issue 12/2017
Print ISSN: 1522-8037
Electronic ISSN: 1534-312X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-017-0602-9

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Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

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