Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports 3/2014

01-03-2014 | Health Care Delivery Systems in Diabetes (D Wexler, Section Editor)

Quality Indicators and Performance Measures in Diabetes Care

Author: David C. Aron

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 3/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

The operations of any portion of the healthcare delivery system, eg, ambulatory care, the consultation and referral process, or hospital care, are critically dependent upon their control systems. The quality of health care produced by the system and its components is also subject to “control.” One of the regulatory mechanisms involves performance measures. The development of good measures of quality is a complex and dynamic process. Within endocrinology, most measures have addressed diabetes care and most quality measurement in diabetes has focused on the ambulatory setting and mainly includes measures of process and intermediate outcomes. This review addresses quality and performance measures for diabetes, their development, characteristics, use, misuse, and future prospects.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Benn J, Arnold G, Wei I, Riley C, Aleva F. Using quality indicators in anesthesia: feeding back data to improve care. Br J Anaesth. 2012;109:80–91.PubMedCrossRef Benn J, Arnold G, Wei I, Riley C, Aleva F. Using quality indicators in anesthesia: feeding back data to improve care. Br J Anaesth. 2012;109:80–91.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Pogach L, Aron D. Quality of diabetes care. (Current levels, distribution, and trends) and challenges in measuring quality of care. In: Moran S, Gregg E, Williams D, Cowie C, Narayan K, editors. Diabetes and public health: from data to policy. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 373.CrossRef Pogach L, Aron D. Quality of diabetes care. (Current levels, distribution, and trends) and challenges in measuring quality of care. In: Moran S, Gregg E, Williams D, Cowie C, Narayan K, editors. Diabetes and public health: from data to policy. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 373.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Assessing Quality of Care for Diabetes. A Conference sponsored by Agency for Research on Healthcare Quality, the National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the VA Office of Quality and Performance (OQP); 2006. Assessing Quality of Care for Diabetes. A Conference sponsored by Agency for Research on Healthcare Quality, the National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the VA Office of Quality and Performance (OQP); 2006.
4.•
go back to reference Bennett WL, Odelola OA, Wilson LM, et al. Evaluation of guideline recommendations on oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156(1 Pt 1):27–36. See Reference 5.PubMedCrossRef Bennett WL, Odelola OA, Wilson LM, et al. Evaluation of guideline recommendations on oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156(1 Pt 1):27–36. See Reference 5.PubMedCrossRef
5.•
go back to reference Qaseem A, Vijan S, Snow V, Cross J, et al. Glycemic control and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the optimal hemoglobin A1c targets. A guidance statement from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:417–22. References 4 and 5 discuss guidelines that highlight similarities and differences.PubMedCrossRef Qaseem A, Vijan S, Snow V, Cross J, et al. Glycemic control and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the optimal hemoglobin A1c targets. A guidance statement from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:417–22. References 4 and 5 discuss guidelines that highlight similarities and differences.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Aron D, Pogach L. Transparency standards for diabetes performance measures. JAMA. 2009;301:210–2.PubMedCrossRef Aron D, Pogach L. Transparency standards for diabetes performance measures. JAMA. 2009;301:210–2.PubMedCrossRef
7.
8.
go back to reference Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2012;55:1577–96.PubMedCrossRef Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2012;55:1577–96.PubMedCrossRef
9.••
go back to reference Ismail-Beigi F, Moghissi ES, Tiktin M, Hirsch IB, Inzucchi SE, Genuth S. Individualizing glycemic targets in type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications of recent clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:554–9. Discusses considerations in choosing A1c targets.PubMedCrossRef Ismail-Beigi F, Moghissi ES, Tiktin M, Hirsch IB, Inzucchi SE, Genuth S. Individualizing glycemic targets in type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications of recent clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:554–9. Discusses considerations in choosing A1c targets.PubMedCrossRef
10.••
go back to reference Pogach L, Conlin PR, Hobbs C, Vigersky RA, Aron D. VA-DoD update of diabetes guidelines: what clinicians need to know about absolute risk of benefits and harms and A1c laboratory accuracy. Fed Pract. 2011;39–44. VA/DoD Diabetes Guidelines have for >15 years included stratified A1c targets based on life expectancy and complications. This article by members of the guidelines committee updates the area and discusses other issues, eg, test inaccuracy. Pogach L, Conlin PR, Hobbs C, Vigersky RA, Aron D. VA-DoD update of diabetes guidelines: what clinicians need to know about absolute risk of benefits and harms and A1c laboratory accuracy. Fed Pract. 2011;39–44. VA/DoD Diabetes Guidelines have for >15 years included stratified A1c targets based on life expectancy and complications. This article by members of the guidelines committee updates the area and discusses other issues, eg, test inaccuracy.
11.
go back to reference Dept. of Health and Human Services. AHRQ. Guide to prevention quality indicators: hospital admission for ambulatory care sensitive conditions version 3.1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007. Dept. of Health and Human Services. AHRQ. Guide to prevention quality indicators: hospital admission for ambulatory care sensitive conditions version 3.1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.
12.
go back to reference Griesdale DEG, de Souza RD, van Dam RM, et al. Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data. Can Med Assoc J. 2009;180:821–7.CrossRef Griesdale DEG, de Souza RD, van Dam RM, et al. Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data. Can Med Assoc J. 2009;180:821–7.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Krinsley J, Egi M, Kiss A, et al. Diabetic status and the relation of the three domains of glycemic control to mortality in critically ill patients: an international multicenter cohort study. Crit Care. 2013;17:R37.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Krinsley J, Egi M, Kiss A, et al. Diabetic status and the relation of the three domains of glycemic control to mortality in critically ill patients: an international multicenter cohort study. Crit Care. 2013;17:R37.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Moghissi ES, Korytkoski M, DiNardo M, et al. American association of clinical endocrinologists and American diabetes association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1119–31.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Moghissi ES, Korytkoski M, DiNardo M, et al. American association of clinical endocrinologists and American diabetes association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1119–31.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
15.•
go back to reference Rubinow K, Hirsch I. Reexamining metrics for glucose control. JAMA. 2011;305:1132–3. Illustrates some of the issues in deciding what is the most appropriate measure to assess quality in inpatients, an evolving field.PubMedCrossRef Rubinow K, Hirsch I. Reexamining metrics for glucose control. JAMA. 2011;305:1132–3. Illustrates some of the issues in deciding what is the most appropriate measure to assess quality in inpatients, an evolving field.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Kerr EA, Hayward RA. Patient-centered performance management: enhancing value for patients and health care systems. JAMA. 2013;310:137–8.PubMedCrossRef Kerr EA, Hayward RA. Patient-centered performance management: enhancing value for patients and health care systems. JAMA. 2013;310:137–8.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Pogach L, Engelgau M, Aron D. Measuring progress towards achieving hemoglobin a1c goals: pass/fail or partial credit. JAMA. 2007;297:520–3.PubMedCrossRef Pogach L, Engelgau M, Aron D. Measuring progress towards achieving hemoglobin a1c goals: pass/fail or partial credit. JAMA. 2007;297:520–3.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Aron DC, Pogach L. One size does not fit all: a continuous measure for glycemic control in diabetes: the need for a new approach to assessing glycemic control. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2007;33:636–43.PubMed Aron DC, Pogach L. One size does not fit all: a continuous measure for glycemic control in diabetes: the need for a new approach to assessing glycemic control. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2007;33:636–43.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bruns DE, et al. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem. 2011;57:e1–47.PubMedCrossRef Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bruns DE, et al. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem. 2011;57:e1–47.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Little RR, Rohlfing CL, Sacks DB, et al. Status of hemoglobin A1c measurement of goals for improvement: from chaos to order for improving diabetes care. Clin Chem. 2011;57:205–14.PubMedCrossRef Little RR, Rohlfing CL, Sacks DB, et al. Status of hemoglobin A1c measurement of goals for improvement: from chaos to order for improving diabetes care. Clin Chem. 2011;57:205–14.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Ali MK, Bullard KM, Gregg EW. Achievement of goals in U.S. Diabetes Care, 1999-2010. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:287–8.PubMedCrossRef Ali MK, Bullard KM, Gregg EW. Achievement of goals in U.S. Diabetes Care, 1999-2010. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:287–8.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Stark CS, Fradkin JE, Saydah SH, Rust KF, Cowie CC. The prevalence of meeting A1C, blood pressure, and LDL goals among people with diabetes, 1988-2010. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:2271–9.CrossRef Stark CS, Fradkin JE, Saydah SH, Rust KF, Cowie CC. The prevalence of meeting A1C, blood pressure, and LDL goals among people with diabetes, 1988-2010. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:2271–9.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Vouri SM, Shaw RF, Waterbury NV, Egge JA, Alexander B. Prevalence of achievement of A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol (ABC) goal in veterans with diabetes. J Manag Care Pharm. 2011;17:304–12.PubMed Vouri SM, Shaw RF, Waterbury NV, Egge JA, Alexander B. Prevalence of achievement of A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol (ABC) goal in veterans with diabetes. J Manag Care Pharm. 2011;17:304–12.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Pogach L, Rajan M, Aron D. Comparison of weighted performance measurement and dichotomous thresholds for glycemic control in the Veterans Health Administration. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:241–6.PubMedCrossRef Pogach L, Rajan M, Aron D. Comparison of weighted performance measurement and dichotomous thresholds for glycemic control in the Veterans Health Administration. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:241–6.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Kerr EA, Smith DM, Hogan MM, et al. Building a better quality measure: are some patients with ‘poor quality’ actually getting good care? Med Care. 2003;41:1173–82.PubMedCrossRef Kerr EA, Smith DM, Hogan MM, et al. Building a better quality measure: are some patients with ‘poor quality’ actually getting good care? Med Care. 2003;41:1173–82.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Beard AJ, Hofer TP, Downs JR, et al. Assessing appropriateness of lipid management among patients with diabetes mellitus: moving from target to treatment. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013;6:66–74.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Beard AJ, Hofer TP, Downs JR, et al. Assessing appropriateness of lipid management among patients with diabetes mellitus: moving from target to treatment. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013;6:66–74.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Powell AA, White KM, Partin MR, et al. Unintended consequences of implementing a national performance measurement system into local practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27:405–12.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Powell AA, White KM, Partin MR, et al. Unintended consequences of implementing a national performance measurement system into local practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27:405–12.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Glasgow RE, Peeples M, Skovlund SE. Where is the patient in diabetes performance measures? The case for including patient-centered and self-management measures. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1046–50.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Glasgow RE, Peeples M, Skovlund SE. Where is the patient in diabetes performance measures? The case for including patient-centered and self-management measures. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1046–50.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
31.••
go back to reference O’Conner P, Bodkin N, Fradkin J, et al. Consensus report: diabetes performance measures: current status and future directions. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:1651–9. A recent update of the issues surrounding performance measurement and what the future is likely to bring.CrossRef O’Conner P, Bodkin N, Fradkin J, et al. Consensus report: diabetes performance measures: current status and future directions. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:1651–9. A recent update of the issues surrounding performance measurement and what the future is likely to bring.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Pogach L, Tiwari A, Maney M, Rajan M, Miller M, Aron D. Should mitigating comorbidities be considered in assessing healthcare plan performance in achieving optimal glycemic control? Am J Manage Care. 2007;13:133–40. Pogach L, Tiwari A, Maney M, Rajan M, Miller M, Aron D. Should mitigating comorbidities be considered in assessing healthcare plan performance in achieving optimal glycemic control? Am J Manage Care. 2007;13:133–40.
33.
go back to reference Pogach LM, Rajan M, Maney M, Tseng CL, Aron DC. Hidden complexities in assessment of glycemic outcomes: are quality rankings aligned with treatment? Diabetes Care. 2010;33:2133–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Pogach LM, Rajan M, Maney M, Tseng CL, Aron DC. Hidden complexities in assessment of glycemic outcomes: are quality rankings aligned with treatment? Diabetes Care. 2010;33:2133–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Berlowitz DR, Ash AS, Glickman M, et al. Developing a quality measure for clinical inertia in diabetes care. Health Serv Res. 2005;40(6 Pt 1):1836–53.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Berlowitz DR, Ash AS, Glickman M, et al. Developing a quality measure for clinical inertia in diabetes care. Health Serv Res. 2005;40(6 Pt 1):1836–53.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Khunti K, Wolden ML, Thorsted BL, Andersen M, Davies MJ. Clinical inertia in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study of more than 80,000 people. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:3411–7. Khunti K, Wolden ML, Thorsted BL, Andersen M, Davies MJ. Clinical inertia in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study of more than 80,000 people. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:3411–7.
36.
go back to reference Mata-Cases M, Benito-Badorrey B, Roura-Olmeda P, et al. Clinical inertia in the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients in primary care. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013;29:1495–502. Mata-Cases M, Benito-Badorrey B, Roura-Olmeda P, et al. Clinical inertia in the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients in primary care. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013;29:1495–502.
37.
go back to reference Perlin JB, Pogach LM. Improving the outcomes of metabolic conditions: managing momentum to overcome clinical inertia. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:525–7.PubMedCrossRef Perlin JB, Pogach LM. Improving the outcomes of metabolic conditions: managing momentum to overcome clinical inertia. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:525–7.PubMedCrossRef
38.
39.
go back to reference Boyd CM, Darer J, Boult C, Fried L, Boult L, Wu A. Clinical practice guidelines and quality of care for older patients with multiple comorbid diseases. JAMA. 2005;294:716–24.PubMedCrossRef Boyd CM, Darer J, Boult C, Fried L, Boult L, Wu A. Clinical practice guidelines and quality of care for older patients with multiple comorbid diseases. JAMA. 2005;294:716–24.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Tinetti M, Bogardus Jr S, Agostini J. Potential pitfalls of disease-specific guidelines for patients with multiple conditions. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2870–4.PubMedCrossRef Tinetti M, Bogardus Jr S, Agostini J. Potential pitfalls of disease-specific guidelines for patients with multiple conditions. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2870–4.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Bonds DE, Miller ME, Dudl RJ, et al. Severe hypoglycemia symptoms, antecedent behaviors, immediate consequences and association with glycemia medication usage: secondary analysis of the ACCORD clinical trial data. BMC Endocr Disord. 2012;12:5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bonds DE, Miller ME, Dudl RJ, et al. Severe hypoglycemia symptoms, antecedent behaviors, immediate consequences and association with glycemia medication usage: secondary analysis of the ACCORD clinical trial data. BMC Endocr Disord. 2012;12:5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Holstein A, Patzer OM, Machalke K, Holstein JD, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P. Substantial increase in incidence of severe hypoglycemia between 1997-2000 and 2007-2010. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:972–5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Holstein A, Patzer OM, Machalke K, Holstein JD, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P. Substantial increase in incidence of severe hypoglycemia between 1997-2000 and 2007-2010. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:972–5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Sarkar U, Karter AJ, Moffet HH, Adler NE, Schillinger D. Hypoglycemia is more common among type 2 diabetes patients with limited health literacy: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE). J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25:962–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Sarkar U, Karter AJ, Moffet HH, Adler NE, Schillinger D. Hypoglycemia is more common among type 2 diabetes patients with limited health literacy: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE). J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25:962–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Wright A, Cull C, MacCloud KM, Holman RR, for the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Hypoglycemia in Type 2 diabetic patients randomized to and maintained on monotherapy with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin for 6 years from diagnosis: UKPDS73. J Diabetes Complicat. 2006;20:395–401.PubMedCrossRef Wright A, Cull C, MacCloud KM, Holman RR, for the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Hypoglycemia in Type 2 diabetic patients randomized to and maintained on monotherapy with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin for 6 years from diagnosis: UKPDS73. J Diabetes Complicat. 2006;20:395–401.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Bonds DE, Miller ME, Bergenstal R, et al. The association between symptomatic, severe hypoglycemia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: retrospective epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. BMJ. 2010;340:b4909 [Published online].PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bonds DE, Miller ME, Bergenstal R, et al. The association between symptomatic, severe hypoglycemia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: retrospective epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. BMJ. 2010;340:b4909 [Published online].PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Budnitz DS, Lovegrove MC, Shehab N, Richards CL. Emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older Americans. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2002–12.PubMedCrossRef Budnitz DS, Lovegrove MC, Shehab N, Richards CL. Emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older Americans. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2002–12.PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Feil DG, Rajan M, Soroka O, Tseng CL, Miller DR, Pogach L. Risk of hypoglycemia in older veterans with dementia and cognitive impairment: implications for practice and policy. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:2263–72. Feil DG, Rajan M, Soroka O, Tseng CL, Miller DR, Pogach L. Risk of hypoglycemia in older veterans with dementia and cognitive impairment: implications for practice and policy. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:2263–72.
48.
go back to reference Lundkvist J, Berne C, Bolinder B, Jonsson L. The economic and quality of life impact of hypoglycemia. Eur J Health Econ. 2005;6:197–2002.PubMedCrossRef Lundkvist J, Berne C, Bolinder B, Jonsson L. The economic and quality of life impact of hypoglycemia. Eur J Health Econ. 2005;6:197–2002.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference UK Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Risk of hypoglycaemia in types 1 and 2 diabetes: effects of treatment modalities and their duration. Diabetologia. 2007;50:1140–7.CrossRef UK Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Risk of hypoglycaemia in types 1 and 2 diabetes: effects of treatment modalities and their duration. Diabetologia. 2007;50:1140–7.CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, et al. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1410–8.PubMedCrossRef Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, et al. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1410–8.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Pogach L, Aron D. The other side of quality improvement in diabetes for seniors: a proposal for an overtreatment glycemic measure. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:1510–2.PubMedCrossRef Pogach L, Aron D. The other side of quality improvement in diabetes for seniors: a proposal for an overtreatment glycemic measure. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:1510–2.PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Jortberg BT, Miller BF, Gabbay RA, Sparling K, Dickinson WP. Patient-centered medical home: how it affects psychosocial outcomes for diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rep. 2012;12:721–8.CrossRef Jortberg BT, Miller BF, Gabbay RA, Sparling K, Dickinson WP. Patient-centered medical home: how it affects psychosocial outcomes for diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rep. 2012;12:721–8.CrossRef
53.
go back to reference American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:1033–46.CrossRef American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:1033–46.CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Rosen AB, Liebman E, Aizcorbe A, Cutler DM. Comparing commercial systems for characterizing episodes of care. BiblioGov; 2013. Rosen AB, Liebman E, Aizcorbe A, Cutler DM. Comparing commercial systems for characterizing episodes of care. BiblioGov; 2013.
55.
go back to reference Higgins A, Veselovskiy G, McKown L. Provider performance measures in private and public programs: achieving meaningful alignment with flexibility to innovate. Health Aff. 2013;32:1453–61.CrossRef Higgins A, Veselovskiy G, McKown L. Provider performance measures in private and public programs: achieving meaningful alignment with flexibility to innovate. Health Aff. 2013;32:1453–61.CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Miller D, Pogach L. Utilizing longitudinal approaches to monitor quality and outcomes: Veterans Health Administration Diabetes Epidemiology Cohort. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2:15–23.CrossRef Miller D, Pogach L. Utilizing longitudinal approaches to monitor quality and outcomes: Veterans Health Administration Diabetes Epidemiology Cohort. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2:15–23.CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Thompson W, Wang H, Xie M, et al. Assessing quality of diabetes care by measuring longitudinal changes in hemoglobin A1c in the Veterans Health Administration. Health Serv Res. 2005;40(6 Pt 1):1818–35.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Thompson W, Wang H, Xie M, et al. Assessing quality of diabetes care by measuring longitudinal changes in hemoglobin A1c in the Veterans Health Administration. Health Serv Res. 2005;40(6 Pt 1):1818–35.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Hayward R. All-or-nothing treatment targets make bad performance measures. Am J Manage Care. 2007;13:126–8. Hayward R. All-or-nothing treatment targets make bad performance measures. Am J Manage Care. 2007;13:126–8.
60.
go back to reference Nolan T, Berwick DM. All-or-none measurement raises the bar on performance. JAMA. 2006;295:1168–70.PubMedCrossRef Nolan T, Berwick DM. All-or-none measurement raises the bar on performance. JAMA. 2006;295:1168–70.PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Aron DC, Rajan M, Pogach L. Summary measures of quality of diabetes care: comparison of continuous weighted performance measurement and dichotomous thresholds. Int J Qual Health Care. 2006;19:29–36.PubMedCrossRef Aron DC, Rajan M, Pogach L. Summary measures of quality of diabetes care: comparison of continuous weighted performance measurement and dichotomous thresholds. Int J Qual Health Care. 2006;19:29–36.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Schittdiel J, Vijan S, Fireman B, Lafata J, et al. Predicted quality-adjusted life years as a composite measure of the clinical value of diabetes risk factor control. Med Care. 2008;55:315–21. Schittdiel J, Vijan S, Fireman B, Lafata J, et al. Predicted quality-adjusted life years as a composite measure of the clinical value of diabetes risk factor control. Med Care. 2008;55:315–21.
64.
go back to reference Ordonez L, Schweitzer M, Galinsky ABM. Goals gone wild: the systematic side effects of overprescribing goal setting. Acad Manag Perspect. 2009;23:6–16.CrossRef Ordonez L, Schweitzer M, Galinsky ABM. Goals gone wild: the systematic side effects of overprescribing goal setting. Acad Manag Perspect. 2009;23:6–16.CrossRef
65.
go back to reference Hayward RA, Kent DM. 6 EZ steps to improving your performance: (or how to make P4P pay 4U). JAMA. 2008;300:255–6.PubMedCrossRef Hayward RA, Kent DM. 6 EZ steps to improving your performance: (or how to make P4P pay 4U). JAMA. 2008;300:255–6.PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Power M. Organized uncertainty: designing a world of risk management. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2008. Power M. Organized uncertainty: designing a world of risk management. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2008.
67.
go back to reference Houle SK, McAlister F, Jackevicius CA, Chuck AW, Tsuyuki RT. Does performance-based remuneration for individual health care practitioners affect patient care? A systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:889–99.PubMedCrossRef Houle SK, McAlister F, Jackevicius CA, Chuck AW, Tsuyuki RT. Does performance-based remuneration for individual health care practitioners affect patient care? A systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:889–99.PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Van Herck P, De Smedt D, Annemans L, Remmen R, Rosenthal M, Sermeus W. Systematic review: effect, design choices, and context of pay-for-performance in health care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:247.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Van Herck P, De Smedt D, Annemans L, Remmen R, Rosenthal M, Sermeus W. Systematic review: effect, design choices, and context of pay-for-performance in health care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:247.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Cromwell J, Trisolini MG, Pope GC, Mitchell JB, Greenwald LM. Pay for performance in health care: methods and approaches. No. BK-0002-1103 (ed.). Raleigh, NC: RTI Press; 2011.CrossRef Cromwell J, Trisolini MG, Pope GC, Mitchell JB, Greenwald LM. Pay for performance in health care: methods and approaches. No. BK-0002-1103 (ed.). Raleigh, NC: RTI Press; 2011.CrossRef
70.
go back to reference McDonald R, Roland M. Pay for performance in primary care in England and California: comparison of unintended consequences. Ann Fam Med. 2009;7:121–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef McDonald R, Roland M. Pay for performance in primary care in England and California: comparison of unintended consequences. Ann Fam Med. 2009;7:121–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Greene SE, Nash DB. Pay for performance: an overview of the literature. Am J Med Qual. 2009;24:140–63.PubMedCrossRef Greene SE, Nash DB. Pay for performance: an overview of the literature. Am J Med Qual. 2009;24:140–63.PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Damberg CL, Raube K, Teleki SS, de la Cruz E. Taking stock of pay-for-performance: a candid assessment from the front lines. Health Aff. 2009;28:517–25.CrossRef Damberg CL, Raube K, Teleki SS, de la Cruz E. Taking stock of pay-for-performance: a candid assessment from the front lines. Health Aff. 2009;28:517–25.CrossRef
73.
go back to reference McDonald R, White J, Marmor T. Paying for performance in primary medical care: learning about and learning from “Success” and “Failure” in England and California. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2009;34:747–76.PubMedCrossRef McDonald R, White J, Marmor T. Paying for performance in primary medical care: learning about and learning from “Success” and “Failure” in England and California. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2009;34:747–76.PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference de PG. Paying doctors for performance. Eur J Health Econ. 2013;14:1–4. de PG. Paying doctors for performance. Eur J Health Econ. 2013;14:1–4.
75.
go back to reference Kizer KW, Dudley RA. Extreme makeover: transformation of the Veterans health care system. Annu Rev Public Health. 2009;30:313–39.PubMedCrossRef Kizer KW, Dudley RA. Extreme makeover: transformation of the Veterans health care system. Annu Rev Public Health. 2009;30:313–39.PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Abramson J, Starfield B. The effect of conflict of interest on biomedical research and clinical practice guidelines: can we trust the evidence in evidence-based medicine? JABFP. 2005;18:414–8.PubMedCrossRef Abramson J, Starfield B. The effect of conflict of interest on biomedical research and clinical practice guidelines: can we trust the evidence in evidence-based medicine? JABFP. 2005;18:414–8.PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Brennan T, Rothman D, Blank L, Blumenthal D, et al. Health industry practices that create conflicts of interest. JAMA. 2006;295:429–33.PubMedCrossRef Brennan T, Rothman D, Blank L, Blumenthal D, et al. Health industry practices that create conflicts of interest. JAMA. 2006;295:429–33.PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Jones DJ, Barkun AN, Lu Y, et al. Conflicts of interest ethics: silencing expertise in the development of international clinical practice guidelines. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:809–16, W-283.PubMedCrossRef Jones DJ, Barkun AN, Lu Y, et al. Conflicts of interest ethics: silencing expertise in the development of international clinical practice guidelines. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:809–16, W-283.PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Rose J. Industry influence in the creation of pay for performance measures. Qual Manag Health Care. 2008;17:27–34.PubMedCrossRef Rose J. Industry influence in the creation of pay for performance measures. Qual Manag Health Care. 2008;17:27–34.PubMedCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Jackson G, Yano E, Edelman D, Krein S, Ibrahim M, et al. Veterans affairs primary care organizational characteristics associated with better diabetes control. Am J Manage Care. 2005;11:225–37. Jackson G, Yano E, Edelman D, Krein S, Ibrahim M, et al. Veterans affairs primary care organizational characteristics associated with better diabetes control. Am J Manage Care. 2005;11:225–37.
Metadata
Title
Quality Indicators and Performance Measures in Diabetes Care
Author
David C. Aron
Publication date
01-03-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-013-0472-y

Other articles of this Issue 3/2014

Current Diabetes Reports 3/2014 Go to the issue

Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (A Vella, Section Editor)

The Potential of Cell-based Therapy for Diabetes and Diabetes-related Vascular Complications

Health Care Delivery Systems in Diabetes (D Wexler, Section Editor)

Innovative Uses of Electronic Health Records and Social Media for Public Health Surveillance

Health Care Delivery Systems in Diabetes (D Wexler, Section Editor)

Effectiveness of Diabetes Interventions in the Patient-Centered Medical Home

Health Care Delivery Systems in Diabetes (D Wexler, Section Editor)

Integrated Community-Healthcare Diabetes Interventions to Reduce Disparities

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine