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Current Atherosclerosis Reports
Published in: Current Atherosclerosis Reports 10/2017

01-10-2017 | Genetics and Genomics (A. Marian, Section Editor)

Gut Microbiota and Atherosclerosis

Authors: Daniel Y. Li, W. H. Wilson Tang

Published in: Current Atherosclerosis Reports | Issue 10/2017

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Studies in microbiota-mediated health risks have gained traction in recent years since the compilation of the Human Microbiome Project. No longer do we believe that our gut microbiota is an inert set of microorganisms that reside in the body without consequence. In this review, we discuss the recent findings which further our understanding of the connection between the gut microbiota and the atherosclerosis.

Recent Findings

We evaluate studies which illustrate the current understanding of the relationship between infection, immunity, altered metabolism, and bacterial products such as immune activators or dietary metabolites and their contributions to the development of atherosclerosis. In particular, we critically examine rec ent clinical and mechanistic findings for the novel microbiota-dependent dietary metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which has been implicated in atherosclerosis. These discoveries are now becoming integrated with advances in microbiota profiling which enhance our ability to interrogate the functional role of the gut microbiome and develop strategies for targeted therapeutics.

Summary

The gut microbiota is a multi-faceted system that is unraveling novel contributors to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss historic and novel contributors while highlighting the TMAO story mainly as an example of the various paths taken beyond deciphering microbial composition to elucidate downstream mechanisms that promote (or protect from) atherogenesis in the hopes of translating these findings from bench to bedside.
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Metadata
Title
Gut Microbiota and Atherosclerosis
Authors
Daniel Y. Li
W. H. Wilson Tang
Publication date
01-10-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Atherosclerosis Reports / Issue 10/2017
Print ISSN: 1523-3804
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6242
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-017-0675-9
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WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

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