Top

Published in:

01-09-2019 | Original Research

Maqasid al-Shariah Based Islamic Bioethics: A Comprehensive Approach

Authors: Abdul Halim Ibrahim, Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman, Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen, Madiha Baharuddin

Published in: Journal of Bioethical Inquiry | Issue 3/2019

Abstract

Maqasid al-Shariah based Islamic bioethics is an Islamic bioethics concept which uses the objectives of the Shariah (maqasid al-Shariah) as its approach in analysing and assessing bioethical issues. Analysis based on maqasid al-Shariah based Islamic bioethics will examine any bioethical issues from three main aspects namely intention, method, and output or final goal of the studied issues. Then, the evaluation will be analysed from human interest hierarchy, inclusivity, and degree of certainty. The Islamic bioethics concept is a manifestation of dynamic Islamic jurisprudence which can overcome new complex and complicated bioethical issues such as tri-parent baby technology issues. Therefore, this article will introduce and explain the concept of maqasid al-Shariah based Islamic bioethics and outline a general guidance of maqasid al-Shariah based Islamic bioethics to determine a maqṣad (objective) based on standards of human good or well-being (maslahah) and harm (mafsadah).

The matrix has been adapted and modified from the conventional bioethical matrix which was contructed by Ben Mepham (2013).

Abdullah, A.B. 2014. An analysis of Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) as applied Islamic ethics. Islam and Civilisational Renewal 5(2): 183–203.CrossRef

Ahmad, R. 2004. Standard maslahah dan mafsadah dalam penentuan hukum Islam semasa di Malaysia [The standard of pros and cons in the determination of current Islamic law in Malaysia]. Ph.D Thesis. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.

Aksoy, S., and A. Elmali. 2002. The core concepts of “The Principles” of bioethics as found in Islamic tradition. Medicine and Law 21: 211-224.

al-Bar, M.A., and H. Chamsi-Pasha. 2015. Contemporary bioethics: Islamic perspective. London: Springer Open.CrossRef

al-Fasi, ’A. 1993. Maqasid al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyyah wa Makarimuha [The Objectives of Islamic law and their generosities]. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islamiy.

al-Ghazzali, A.H.M. n.d. Al-Mustaṣfā min al-ʿIlm al-Uṣūl [On Legal theory of Islamic Jurisprudence], Vol 2. Edited by H.Z. Hafiz. Madinah: Syarkah al-Madinah al-Munawwara li al-Tiba’ah.

al-Khadimiy, N.M. 2001. ’Ilm al-maqasid al-shar’iyyah [Knowledge of Islamic law objectives]. Riyadh: Maktabah al-Obeikan.

al-Qaradhawi, Y. 2014. Fiqh keutamaan: Keutamaan seorang Muslim [Fiqh of priority: A Muslim's priority]. Translated by Ahmad Muzakkir Ahlami and Lasafarudi Lahadi. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Islamika.

----. 1993. Madkhal li Dirasah al-Shari’ah [Introduction of Shariah studies]. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah.

al-Raysuni, A. 1995. Nazariyyah al-Maqasid ’Inda al-Imam al-Shatibi [The theory of the objectives of Imam Shatibi]. Herndon: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.

al-Salam, ’Izz al-Din Abd al-’Aziz ibn Abd. 2000. al-Qawa’id al-Kubra al-Mausum bi Qawa’id al-Ahkam fi Masalih al-An’am [Major rules marked by the Islamic legal maxims in the interests of the creatures]. Damsyik: Dar al-Qalam.

al-Yubi, M.S.A.M. 2011. Maqasid al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyyah wa ‘Alaqatuha bi al-Adillah al-Tasyri’iyyah [The objectives of Islamic law and their connections with legislative evidence]. Riyadh: Dar Ibn al-Jauzi.

al-Zuhaili, W. 1985. al-Fiqh al-Islamiyy wa Adillatuhu [Islamic jurisprudence and its evidence]. Damsyik: Dar al-Fikr.

----. 1986. Usul al-fiqh al-Islamiyy [The basis of Islamic jurisprudence]. Damsyik: Dar al-Fikr.

Ashur, M.a-T. 2001. Maqasid al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyyah [Objectives of Islamic law]. Amman: Dar al-Nafaes.

Auda, J. 2010. Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah as philosophy of Islamic law: A systems approach. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust & The International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Bagheri, A. 2014. Priority setting in Islamic bioethics: Top 10 bioethical challenges in Islamic countries. Asian Bioethics Review 6(4): 391–401.CrossRef

Bakar, O. 2011. The place and role of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah in the ummah's 21st century civilisational renewal. Islam and Civilisational Renewal 2(2): 285–301.

Chamsi-Pasha, H., and M.A. Albar. 2013. Western and Islamic bioethics: How close is the gap?” Avicenna Journal of Medicine 3(1): 8–14.CrossRef

Chapra, M.U. 2008. The Islamic vision of development in the light of Maqāsid al-sharī‘ah. Jeddah: Islamic Development Bank.

Dusuki, A.W., and A. Abozaid. 2007. A critical appraisal on the challenges of realizing Maqasid al-Shariah. IIUM Journal of Economics and Management 15(2): 143–165.

Ebrahim, A.F.M. 1988. Biomedical issues: Islamic perspective. Kuala Lumpur: A.S. Noordeen.

Eich, T. 2013. Bioethics in Islam. In Encyclopedia of sciences and religions, edited by A.L. C. Runehov and L. Oviedo, 216–217. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.CrossRef

European Humanist Federation. 2014. European Humanist Federation. http://www.humanistfederation.eu/humanism-secularism.php?page=humanism. Accessed 29 Jun, 2015.

Fakhry, M. 1994. Ethical theories in Islam. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Ghaly, M. 2013. Islamic bioethics in the twenty-first century. Zygon 48(3): 592–599.CrossRef

Ghazali, M.R. 2014. Kepentingan maqasid syariah dalam berfatwa di Malaysia [The importance of the objectives of Islamic Law in Islamic verdicts in Malaysia]. Jurnal Pengurusan dan Penyelidikan Fatwa 4(1): 7–30.

Hashi, A.A. 2015. Bioethics: A comparative study of its concept, issues and approaches. Kuala Lumpur: IIUM Press.

----. 2011. Islamic ethics: An outline of its principles and scope. Revelation and Science 1(3): 122–130.

Have, H.T. 2013. Global bioethics: Transnational experiences and Islamic bioethics. Zygon 48(3): 600–617.

Iqbal, M., and R. Noble. 2009. Islamic identity and the ethics of assisted reproduction. In Faith and fertility, edited by E. Blyth and R. Landau, 86–110. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Ibrahim, A. H. 2018. “Teknologi Bayi Tri-Induk Menurut Bioetika Islam Berasaskan Maqasid Al-Shariah.” [Tri-parent Baby Technology According to Maqasid al-Shariah Based Islamic Bioethics]. Ph.D Thesis. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.

Islam, S. 2013. Ethics of assisted reproductive medicine: A comparative study of western secular and Islamic bioethics. London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia. 2015. Hukum menggunakan kaedah khidmat ibu tumpang untuk mendapatkan zuriat [The verdict of using surrogate mother to conceive children]. e-Fatwa, April 10. http://www.e-fatwa.gov.my/fatwa-kebangsaan/hukum-menggunakan-kaedah-khidmat-ibu-tumpang-untuk-mendapatkan-zuriat. Accessed April 13, 2015.

Kamali, M.H. 2011. Maqasid al-Shari’ah and Ijtihad as instruments of civilisational renewal: A methodological perspective. Islam and Civilisational Renewal 2(2): 245–271.

----. 2008. Maqasid al-Shariah made simple. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought.

----. 2006. An introduction to Shari'ah. Kuala Lumpur: Ilmiah Publishers.

----. 2003. Principles of Islamic jurisprudence. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society.

Kasule, O.H. 2015. A medical perspective on preservation of human progeny. In Preservation of human progeny in the age of biotechnology, edited by S.M. Saifuddeen, 45–56. Kuala Lumpur: Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia.

Lawrence, D.J. 2007. The four principles of biomedical ethics: A foundation for current bioethical debate. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities 14(1): 34–40.CrossRef

Malek, B. 1999. Doktrin dosa warisan di dalam agama kristian dari perspektif roman katholik : suatu analisis [The doctrine of original sin in Christianity from a Catholic perspective: An analysis ]. Masters Dissertation. Universiti Malaya.

Mansor, M.S., and M.A. Ramli. 2016. Pendekatan pseudo-maqasid dalam aliran hukum Islam semasa [Pseudo-maqasid approach in current Islamic law]. In Maqasid al-Shariah: Aplikasi dalam aspek sosial dan perundangan [The objectives of Islamic law: Application in social and legal aspects], by R.A.A. Rahim, M.A. Ramli and S.A. Khalil, 221–244. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Fiqh dan Usul, Universiti Malaya.

Mepham, B. 2013. Bioethics: An introduction for the biosciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Moosa, E., and A.A. Mian. 2012. Islam. In Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics, edited by R. Chadwick, 769–776. San Diego: Academic Press.CrossRef

Nor, S.N.M. 2015. Ethical issues in artificial reproductive techniques. In Preservation of human progeny in the age of biotechnology, edited by S.M. Saifuddeen, 83–116. Kuala Lumpur: Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia.

Nordin, M.M. 2015. Islamic medical ethics amidst developing biotechnologies. In Preservation of human progeny in the age of biotechnology, edited by S.M. Saifuddeen, 57–72. Kuala Lumpur: Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia.

Raquib, A. 2015. Islamic ethics of technology. Kuala Lumpur: The Other Press.

Saifuddeen, S.M., C.L. Wei, A.H. Ibrahim, and N.A.M. Khotib. 2013. Islamic ethical framework to tackle scientific and technological dilemmas. Journal of Dharma 38(4): 373–386.

Saifuddeen, S.M., N.N.A. Rahman, N.M. Isa, and A. Baharuddin. 2014. Maqasid al-Shariah as a complementary framework to conventional bioethics. Science Engineering Ethics 20: 317–327.CrossRef

Yusof, F.M., A.S. Rosman, S. Mahmood, S.H.M. Sarip, and T.U. Noh. 2013. Green technology management in the Muslim world. Jurnal Teknologi 65(1): 107–115.

Zaroug, A.H. 1999. Ethics from an Islamic perspective: Basic issues. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16(3): 45–63.

Zaydan, A.K. 2001. al-wajiz fi sharh al-qawa’id al-fiqhiyyah fi al-Shari’ah al-Islamiyyah [Brief explanatory of Islamic legal maxims]. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah.

----. 1976. al-wajiz fi usul al-fiqh [Brief explanatory of principle of Islamic jurisprudence]. Muassasah Qurtubah.

Title: Maqasid al-Shariah Based Islamic Bioethics: A Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Abdul Halim Ibrahim
Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman
Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen
Madiha Baharuddin
Publication date: 01-09-2019
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Published in: Journal of Bioethical Inquiry / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1176-7529
Electronic ISSN: 1872-4353
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-019-09902-8

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Maqasid al-Shariah Based Islamic Bioethics: A Comprehensive Approach

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2019

Using the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah to Furnish an Islamic Bioethics: Conceptual and Practical Issues

Enhanced Interrogation, Consequential Evaluation, and Human Rights to Health

A Journey Through Global Bioethics

The struggle for clinical ethics in Jordanian Hospitals

Not Sick: Liberal, Trans, and Crip Feminist Critiques of Medicalization

Competing Ethical Interests Regarding Privacy and Accountability in Psychotherapy