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Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 4/2015

01-12-2015

Thyroid nodules and thyroid autoimmunity in the context of environmental pollution

Authors: Salvatore Benvenga, Alessandro Antonelli, Roberto Vita

Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | Issue 4/2015

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Abstract

Evidence suggests that in most industrialized countries autoimmune disorders, including chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, are increasing. This increase parallels the one regarding differentiated thyroid cancer, the increment of which is mainly due to the papillary histotype. A number of studies have pointed to an association between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and differentiated thyroid cancer. The upward trend of these two thyroid diseases is sustained by certain environmental factors, such as polluting substances acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Herein we will review the experimental and clinical literature that highlights the effects of environmental and occupational exposure to polluting chemicals in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease or differentiated thyroid cancer. Stakeholders, starting from policymarkers, should become more sensitive to the consequences for the thyroid resulting from exposure to EDC. Indeed, the economic burden resulting from such consequences has not been quantified thus far.
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Metadata
Title
Thyroid nodules and thyroid autoimmunity in the context of environmental pollution
Authors
Salvatore Benvenga
Alessandro Antonelli
Roberto Vita
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Issue 4/2015
Print ISSN: 1389-9155
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2606
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-016-9327-6

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