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Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 1/2015

01-03-2015

Inflammation in sleep apnea: An update

Authors: Dileep Unnikrishnan, Jonathan Jun, Vsevolod Polotsky

Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | Issue 1/2015

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Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). One theory to explain this relationship proposes that OSA can induce systemic inflammation, thereby inducing CVD. This theory is based on the premise that obesity is a pro-inflammatory state, and that physiological derangements during sleep in subjects with OSA further aggravate inflammation. In support of this theory, some clinical studies have shown elevated inflammatory biomarkers in OSA subjects, or improvement in these markers following treatment of OSA. However, the data are inconsistent and often confounded by the effects of comorbid obesity. Animal models of OSA have been developed, which involve exposure of rodents or cells to intermittent hypoxia, a hallmark feature of OSA. Several of these experiments demonstrate that intermittent hypoxia can stimulate inflammatory pathways and lead to cardiovascular or metabolic pathology. In this review, we review relationships between OSA and inflammation, with particular attention to studies published within the last year.
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Metadata
Title
Inflammation in sleep apnea: An update
Authors
Dileep Unnikrishnan
Jonathan Jun
Vsevolod Polotsky
Publication date
01-03-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 1389-9155
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2606
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-014-9304-x

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WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

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