Top

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Published in:

01-02-2022 | COVID-19 Vaccination | Research Article

Factors associated with Turkish pharmacists’ intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine: an observational study

Authors: Betul Okuyan, Muhammed Yunus Bektay, Muhammed Yasir Demirci, Pınar Ay, Mesut Sancar

Published in: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy | Issue 1/2022

Abstract

Background Pharmacists have been taking part in vaccination services during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research identifying pharmacists’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccine is limited. Aim The objective of this study was to determine the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine and to identify the factors related to it based on the Health Belief Model framework among Turkish pharmacists. Method This is an observational study conducted between December 2020 and January 2021. The online survey was sent to all hospital and community pharmacists working in Turkey. Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change and Health Belief Model were used for the development of the questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Results Among all participants (n = 961), 74.7% had an intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. In model 1, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were associated with their intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.05). In model 2, the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine was associated with being male, years of experience in the professional field, not having contracted COVID-19, having a pharmacy staff who had contracted COVID-19, and having had received seasonal flu shot within the previous year (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study highlights the factors related to the intention of the pharmacists to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Health Belief Model is the strongest predictor for vaccination intention and could be used to develop behavioural change techniques to promote vaccination.

World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. [Available from: https://covid19.who.int. Accessed 26 May 2021.

Turkish Republic Ministry of Health COVID-19 Vaccine Information Platform (in Turkish) Available from: https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr. https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr. Accessed 26 May 2021.

Head KJ, Kasting ML, Sturm LA, Hartsock JA, Zimet GD. A national survey assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccination intentions: implications for future public health communication efforts. Sci Commun. 2020;42(5):698–723.

Ditekemena JD, Nkamba DM, Mutwadi A, Mavoko HM, Siewe Fodjo JN, Luhata C, et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the democratic republic of congo: a cross-sectional survey. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(2):153. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020153.

Detoc M, Bruel S, Frappe P, Tardy B, Botelho-Nevers E, Gagneux-Brunon A, et al. Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic. Vaccine. 2020;38(45):7002–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041.

Zampetakis LA, Melas C. The health belief model predicts vaccination intentions against COVID-19: A survey experiment approach. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2021;13(2):469–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12262.CrossRefPubMed

Chu H, Liu S. Integrating health behavior theories to predict American’s intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Patient Educ Couns. 2021;104(8):1878–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.02.031.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Guidry JPD, Laestadius LI, Vraga EK, Miller CA, Perrin PB, Burton CW, et al. Willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine with and without emergency use authorization. Am J Infect Control. 2021;49(2):137–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.11.018.

Schmid P, Rauber D, Betsch C, Lidolt G, Denker ML. Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior—a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005–2016. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(1): e0170550. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170550.

10.

Brien S, Kwong JC, Buckeridge DL. The determinants of 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza vaccination: a systematic review. Vaccine. 2012;30(7):1255–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.089.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Blasi F, Palange P, Rohde G, Severin T, Cornaglia G, Finch R. Healthcare workers and influenza vaccination: an ERS-ESCMID Web-based survey. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17(8):1223–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03501.x.

12.

Alkuwari MG, Aziz NA, Nazzal ZA, Al-Nuaimi SA, et al. Pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccination uptake among health care workers in Qatar: motivators and barriers. Vaccine. 2011;29(11):2206–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.093.

13.

Torun SD, Torun F. Vaccination against pandemic influenza A/H1N1 among healthcare workers and reasons for refusing vaccination in Istanbul in last pandemic alert phase. Vaccine. 2010;28(35):5703–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.049.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Kaboli F, Astrakianakis G, Li G, Guzman J, Donovan T, Naus M. Influenza vaccination and intention to receive the pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine among healthcare workers of British Columbia, Canada: a cross-sectional study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(10):1017–24. https://doi.org/10.1086/655465.

15.

Hidiroglu S, Ay P, Topuzoglu A, Kalafat C, Karavus M. Resistance to vaccination: the attitudes and practices of primary healthcare workers confronting the H1N1 pandemic. Vaccine. 2010;28(51):8120–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.104.

16.

Collange F, Verger P, Launay O, Pulcini C. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of general practitioners/family physicians toward their own vaccination: a systematic review. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2016;12(5):1282–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1138024.

17.

Aburas W, Alshammari TM. Pharmacists’ roles in emergency and disasters: COVID-19 as an example. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28(12):1797–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.11.006.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Paudyal V, Fialová D, Henman MC, Hazen A, Okuyan B, Lutters M, et al. Pharmacists’ involvement in COVID-19 vaccination across Europe: a situational analysis of current practice and policy. Int J Clin Pharm. 2021;43(4):1139–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-021-01301-7.

19.

Palacios R, Patiño EG, de Oliveira Piorelli R, Conde MTRP, Batista AP, Zeng G, et al. Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of treating Healthcare Professionals with the Adsorbed COVID-19 (Inactivated) Vaccine Manufactured by Sinovac - PROFISCOV: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2020;21(1):853. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04775-4.

20.

Prochaska JO, Velicer WF. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. Am J Health Promot. 1997;12(1):38–48. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.1.38.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Scherr CL, Jensen JD, Christy K. Dispositional pandemic worry and the health belief model: promoting vaccination during pandemic events. J Public Health (Oxf). 2017;39(4):e242–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdw101.CrossRef

22.

Lin Y, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Alias H, Danaee M, Wong LP. Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: a nationwide online survey in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(12): e0008961. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008961.

23.

Alhalaseh L, Fayoumi H, Khalil B. The Health Belief Model in predicting healthcare workers’ intention for influenza vaccine uptake in Jordan. Vaccine. 2020;38(46):7372–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.002.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Teitler-Regev S, Shahrabani S, Benzion U. Factors affecting intention among students to be vaccinated against A/H1N1 Influenza: a health belief model approach. Adv Prev Med. 2011;2011: 353207. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/353207.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Wong LP, Alias H, Wong PF, Lee HY, AbuBakar S. The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2020;16(9):2204–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1790279.

26.

Liu C, Nicholas S, Wang J. The association between protection motivation and hepatitis b vaccination intention among migrant workers in Tianjin, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1219. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09292-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Champion VL, Skinner CS. The health belief model. In Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K (Eds.) Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice Jossey-Bass; 2008. pp. 45–65. ISBN: 978–0787996147.

28.

Zeng Y, Yuan Z, Yin J, Han Y, Chu CI, Fang Y. Factors affecting parental intention to vaccinate kindergarten children against influenza: A cross-sectional survey in China. Vaccine. 2019;37(11):1449–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.071.

29.

Kukreti S, Lu MY, Lin YH, Strong C, Lin CY, Ko NY, et al. Willingness of Taiwan’s healthcare workers and outpatients to vaccinate against COVID-19 during a period without community outbreaks. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(3):246. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030246.

30.

Kabamba Nzaji M, Kabamba Ngombe L, Ngoie Mwamba G, Banza Ndala DB, Mbidi Miema J, Luhata Lungoyo C, et al. Acceptability of vaccination against COVID-19 among healthcare workers in the democratic republic of the Congo. Pragmat Obs Res. 2020;11:103–9. https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S271096.

31.

Qattan AMN, Alshareef N, Alsharqi O, Al Rahahleh N, Chirwa GC, Al-Hanawi MK. Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8: 644300. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.644300.CrossRef

32.

Yurttas B, Poyraz BC, Sut N, Ozdede A, Oztas M, Uğurlu S, et al. Willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine among patients with rheumatic diseases, healthcare workers and general population in Turkey: a web-based survey. Rheumatol Int. 2021;41(6):1105–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04841-3.

33.

Kose S, Mandiracioglu A, Sahin S, Kaynar T, Karbus O, Ozbel Y. Vaccine hesitancy of the COVID-19 by health care personnel. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(5): e13917. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13917.

34.

Kuter BJ, Browne S, Momplaisir FM, Feemster KA, Shen AK, Green-McKenzie J, et al. Perspectives on the receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine: a survey of employees in two large hospitals in Philadelphia. Vaccine. 2021;39(12):1693–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.029.

35.

Di Gennaro F, Murri R, Segala FV, Cerruti L, Abdulle A, Saracino A, et al. Attitudes towards Anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination among healthcare workers: results from a national survey in Italy. Viruses. 2021;13(3):371. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030371.

36.

Kwok KO, Li KK, Wei WI, Tang A, Wong SYS, Lee SS. Editor’s Choice: Influenza vaccine uptake, COVID-19 vaccination intention and vaccine hesitancy among nurses: a survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;114: 103854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103854.

37.

Wang K, Wong ELY, Ho KF, Cheung AWL, Chan EYY, Yeoh EK, et al. Intention of nurses to accept coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination and change of intention to accept seasonal influenza vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. Vaccine. 2020;38(45):7049–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.021.

38.

Gagneux-Brunon A, Detoc M, Bruel S, Tardy B, Rozaire O, Frappe P, et al. Intention to get vaccinations against COVID-19 in French healthcare workers during the first pandemic wave: a cross-sectional survey. J Hosp Infect. 2021;108:168–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.020.

39.

Papagiannis D, Rachiotis G, Malli F, Papathanasiou IV, Kotsiou O, Fradelos EC, et al. Acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among greek health professionals. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(3):200. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030200.

40.

Kaplan AK, Sahin MK, Parildar H, Adadan Guvenc I. The willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine and affecting factors among healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study in Turkey. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(7): e14226. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14226.

41.

Civantos AM, Byrnes Y, Chang C, Prasad A, Chorath K, Poonia SK, et al. Mental health among otolaryngology resident and attending physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: National study. Head Neck. 2020;42(7):1597–609. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26292.

42.

Shaw J, Stewart T, Anderson KB, Hanley S, Thomas SJ, Salmon DA, et al. Assessment of U.S. health care personnel (HCP) attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in a large university health care system. Clin Infect Dis. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab054.

43.

Lin C, Tu P, Beitsch LM. Confidence and receptivity for COVID-19 vaccines: a rapid systematic review. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;9(1):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010016.CrossRef

44.

Baumgaertner B, Ridenhour BJ, Justwan F, Carlisle JE, Miller CR. Risk of disease and willingness to vaccinate in the United States: A population-based survey. PLoS Med. 2020;17(10): e1003354. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003354.

45.

Looijmans-van den Akker I, van Delden JJ, Verheij TJ, van Essen GA, van der Sande MA, Hulscher ME, et al. Which determinants should be targeted to increase influenza vaccination uptake among health care workers in nursing homes? Vaccine. 2009;27(34):4724–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.013.

46.

Hastings TJ, Hohmann LA, McFarland SJ, Teeter BS, Westrick SC. Pharmacists’ attitudes and perceived barriers to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination services. Pharmacy (Basel). 2017;5(3):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy5030045.

47.

Tolentino V, Unni E, Montuoro J, Bezzant-Ogborn D, Kepka D. Utah pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and barriers regarding human papillomavirus vaccine recommendation. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2018;58(4S):S16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2018.04.014.

48.

Ballestas T, McEvoy SP, Doyle J; SMAHS Healthcare Worker Influenza Vaccination Working Party. Co-ordinated approach to healthcare worker influenza vaccination in an area health service. J Hosp Infect. 2009;73(3):203–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2009.07.028.

49.

Corace K, Prematunge C, McCarthy A, Nair RC, Roth V, Hayes T, et al. Predicting influenza vaccination uptake among health care workers: what are the key motivators? Am J Infect Control. 2013;41(8):679–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2013.01.014.

50.

Corace K, Garber G. When knowledge is not enough: changing behavior to change vaccination results. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2014;10(9):2623–4. https://doi.org/10.4161/21645515.2014.970076.CrossRef

51.

Hayes KN, Pan I, Kunkel A, McGivney MS, Thorpe CT. Evaluation of targeted human papillomavirus vaccination education among undergraduate college students. J Am Coll Health. 2019;67(8):781–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1515742.

Title: Factors associated with Turkish pharmacists’ intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine: an observational study
Authors: Betul Okuyan
Muhammed Yunus Bektay
Muhammed Yasir Demirci
Pınar Ay
Mesut Sancar
Publication date: 01-02-2022
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: COVID-19 Vaccination
Vaccination
COVID-19
Published in: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy / Issue 1/2022
Print ISSN: 2210-7703
Electronic ISSN: 2210-7711
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-021-01344-w

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin

Prof. Florian Limbourg

Prof. Anoop Chauhan

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

Abstracts of the 25th Annual Meeting of ESPACOMP, the International Society for Medication Adherence, 08–19 November 2021

A cross-sectional survey to map Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Europe

Co-Amoxiclav as empiric treatment of UTI in children: importance of surveillance in ensuring optimal empiric treatment choice

The relationship between diabetes distress, medication taking, glycaemic control and self-management

Fluoropyridmidine use and hypertriglyceridemia among Japanese patients: analysis of adverse event database

Descriptive analysis of reported adverse events associated with anti-obesity medications using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) databases 2013–2020

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

At a glance: The STEP trials