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Neuropsychology Review
Published in: Neuropsychology Review 3/2013

01-09-2013 | Review

Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)

Author: Erin D. Bigler

Published in: Neuropsychology Review | Issue 3/2013

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Abstract

Reviewed herein are contemporary neuroimaging methods that detect abnormalities associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Despite advances in demonstrating underlying neuropathology in a subset of individuals who sustain mTBI, considerable disagreement persists in neuropsychology about mTBI outcome and metrics for evaluation. This review outlines a thesis for the select use of sensitive neuroimaging methods as potential biomarkers of brain injury recognizing that the majority of individuals who sustain an mTBI recover without neuroimaging signs or neuropsychological sequelae detected with methods currently applied. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides several measures that could serve as mTBI biomarkers including the detection of hemosiderin and white matter abnormalities, assessment of white matter integrity derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and quantitative measures that directly assess neuroanatomy. Improved prediction of neuropsychological outcomes in mTBI may be achieved with the use of targeted neuroimaging markers.
Footnotes
1
Definition of concussion and mTBI remains controversial and definitional issues have been discussed by Bigler (2008), but for this review the terms concussion and mTBI are used interchangeably. Based on the International and Interagency Initiative toward Common Data Elements for Research on Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychological Health “TBI is defined as an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force” (p. 1637, Menon et al. 2010).
 
2
I sustained a sports-related concussion playing high school football in 1966. I must have displayed significant PTA and confusion on the sideline because I was taken to the emergency room for evaluation and subsequently hospitalized overnight for observation. I am amnestic to those events, but it was recorded on an 8 mm tape. However, I recovered rapidly, as the injury was on a Friday and I practiced Monday and played in the next game on the following Friday. This, of course, was long before return-to-play guidelines but for me, post-concussion symptoms were minimal and short lived.
 
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Metadata
Title
Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)
Author
Erin D. Bigler
Publication date
01-09-2013
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Neuropsychology Review / Issue 3/2013
Print ISSN: 1040-7308
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6660
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-013-9237-2