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Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
Published in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 3/2018

Open Access 01-02-2018 | Preclinical study

Canine invasive mammary carcinomas as models of human breast cancer. Part 1: natural history and prognostic factors

Authors: Frédérique Nguyen, Laura Peña, Catherine Ibisch, Delphine Loussouarn, Adelina Gama, Natascha Rieder, Anton Belousov, Mario Campone, Jérôme Abadie

Published in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | Issue 3/2018

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Abstract

Purpose

Dogs have been proposed as spontaneous animal models of human breast cancer, based on clinicopathologic similarities between canine and human mammary carcinomas. We hypothesized that a better knowledge of the natural history and prognostic factors of canine invasive mammary carcinomas would favor the design of preclinical trials using dogs as models of breast cancer.

Methods

The 2-year outcome of 350 female dogs with spontaneous invasive mammary carcinoma was studied. The investigated prognostic factors included age at diagnosis, pathologic tumor size, pathologic nodal stage, lymphovascular invasion, histological grade, and expression of Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα), Progesterone Receptor, Ki-67, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2, basal cytokeratins 5/6, and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Multivariate survival analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

The overall survival after mastectomy was 11 months. Within 1 year post mastectomy, 41.5% of dogs (145/350) died from their mammary carcinoma. By multivariate analysis, the significant prognostic factors for overall survival included a pathologic tumor size larger than 20 mm [HR 1.47 (95% confidence interval 1.15–1.89)], a positive nodal stage [pN+, HR 1.89 (1.43–2.48)], a histological grade III [HR 1.32 (1.02–1.69)], ERα negativity [HR 1.39 (1.01–1.89)], a high Ki-67 proliferation index [HR 1.32 (1.04–1.67)], and EGFR absence [HR 1.33 (1.04–1.69)].

Conclusion

The short natural history of spontaneous canine invasive mammary carcinomas and high rate of cancer-related death allow for rapid termination of preclinical investigations. The prognostic factors of invasive mammary carcinomas are remarkably similar in dogs and humans, highlighting the similarities in cancer biology between both species.
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Metadata
Title
Canine invasive mammary carcinomas as models of human breast cancer. Part 1: natural history and prognostic factors
Authors
Frédérique Nguyen
Laura Peña
Catherine Ibisch
Delphine Loussouarn
Adelina Gama
Natascha Rieder
Anton Belousov
Mario Campone
Jérôme Abadie
Publication date
01-02-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment / Issue 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0167-6806
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7217
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4548-2

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