Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Clinical Oral Investigations
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations 2/2015

01-03-2015 | Original Article

Accuracy of rapid oral HCV diagnostic test among a Saudi sample

Authors: Suzan Ibrahim, Safia Ali Al Attas, Ghada Anwar Mansour, Soliman Ouda, Hind Fallatah

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 2/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the OraQuick® rapid diagnostic test in the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in oral fluid among a Saudi population sample.

Design

A case-control cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 HCV-positive patients and 100 HCV-negative control subjects.

Patients and methods

The HCV-positive patients were recruited from the Clinics of Infectious Diseases of King Abdulaziz University (KAU) Hospital, Jeddah, while the control group was collected from KAU, Faculty of Dentistry, including staff and students. The OraQuick® HCV rapid antibody test (OraSure Technologies, Inc. USA) utilized the oral fluid swab. Sensitivity and specificity for the test were calculated and correlated to the patients’ viral load.

Results

Out of the 60 PCR + ve patients, 53 (88.33 %) revealed a positive OraQuick test, whereas 7 (11.67 %) patients showed negative test, revealing 88.33 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity for detection of salivary HCV antibodies. Only PCR level was valuable in predicting the outcome of OraQuick test.

Conclusion

Using oral fluid for the detection of HCV antibodies could be a useful tool for epidemiological purposes and for field collection of samples in developing countries or in nonclinical settings by persons with minimal training.

Clinical relevance

Millions of pilgrims visit Saudi Arabia during every year, many of whom are from countries where HCV infection is endemic; therefore, it will be very helpful to use a noninvasive, quick, simple, specific, and sensitive method for detection of HCV antibodies using oral fluid.
Literature
1.
2.
Averhoff FM, Glass N, Holtzman D (2012) Global burden of hepatitis C: considerations for healthcare providers in the United States. CID 55(Suppl 1):S11–S15CrossRef
3.
IOM (Institute of Medicine) (2010) Hepatitis and liver cancer: a national strategy for prevention and control of hepatitis B and C. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC
4.
5.
Bashawri LA, Fawaz NA, Ahmad MS, Qadi AA, Almawi WY (2004) Prevalence of seromarkers of HBV and HCV among blood donors in eastern Saudi Arabia, 1998-2001. Clin Lab Haematol 26:225–228CrossRefPubMed
6.
Shobokshi OA, Serebour FE, Al-Drees AZ, Mitwalli AH, Qahtani A, Shakni L (2003) Hepatitis C virus sero-prevalence rate among Saudis. Saudi Med J 24(Suppl 2):S81–S86PubMed
7.
8.
Memish Z, Al Knawy B, El-Saed A (2010) Incidence trends of viral hepatitis A, B, and C seropositivity over eight years of surveillance in Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis 14:e115–e120CrossRefPubMed
9.
Madani TA (2007) Hepatitis C virus infections reported in Saudi Arabia over 11 years of surveillance. Ann Saudi Med 27:191–194CrossRefPubMed
10.
11.
12.
13.
De Cock L, Hutse V, Verhaegen E, Quoilin S, Vandenberghe H, Vranckx R (2004) Detection of HCV antibodies in oral fluid. J Virol Meth 122:179–183CrossRef
14.
Oba IT, Spina AMM, Saraceni CP, Lemos MF, Senhoras RCFA, Moreira RG, Granato CF (2000) Detection of hepatitis A antibodies by ELISA using saliva as clinical samples. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 42:1–9CrossRef
15.
Cameron SO, Cameron WF (2005) The use of the OraSure collection device for hepatitis virus in health care settings. J Clin Virol 34(Suppl 1):S22–S28CrossRefPubMed
16.
Hutse V, Verhaegen E, De Cock L, Quoilin S, Vandenberghe H, Horsman Y, Michielsen P, Van Damme P, Vlierberghe HV, Claeys F, Vranckx R, Oyen HV (2005) Oral fluid as a medium for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. J Med Virol 77:53–56CrossRefPubMed
17.
Amado LA, Villar LM, De Paula VS, De Almeida AJ, Gaspar A (2006) Detection of hepatitis A, B and C virus-specific antibodies using oral fluid for epidemiological studies. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 101:149–155CrossRefPubMed
18.
Leea SR, Yearwooda GD, Guillona GB, Kurtza LA, Fischl M, Friel T, Bernec CA, Kardosa KW (2010) Evaluation of a rapid, point-of-care test device for the diagnosis of hepatitis C infection. J Clin Virol 48:15–17CrossRef
19.
Smith BD, Drobeniuc J, Jewett A, Branson BM, Gerfein RS, Teshale E, Kamili S, Weinbaum CM (2011) Evaluation of three rapid screening assays for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis 204:825–831CrossRefPubMed
20.
Young KC, Chang TT, Liou TC, Wu HL (1993) Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in saliva. J Med Virol 41:55–60CrossRefPubMed
21.
Wang JT, Sheu JC, Lin JT, Wang TH, Chen DS (1992) Detection of replicative form of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Infect Dis 166:1167–1169CrossRefPubMed
22.
Allwright S, Bradley F, Long J, Barry J, Thornton L, Parry JV (2000) Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV and risk factors in Irish prisoners: results of a national cross sectional survey. BMJ 321:78–82CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
23.
Judd A, Parry J, Hickman M, McDonald T, Jordan L, Lewis K, Contreras M, Dusheiko G, Foster G, Gill N, Kemp K, Main J, Murray-Lyon I, Nelson M (2003) Evaluation of a modified commercial assay in detecting antibody to hepatitis C virus in oral fluids and dried blood spots. J Med Virol 71:49–55CrossRefPubMed
24.
Cameron SO, Wilson KS, Good T, McMenamin J, McCarron B, Pithie A, Fox R (1999) Detection of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in saliva: a marker of viral replication. J Viral Hepatol 6:141–144CrossRef
25.
Zmuda JF, Wagoneer B, Liotta L, Whiteley G (2001) Recognition of multiple classes of hepatitis C antibodies increases detection sensitivity in oral fluid. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 8:1267–1270PubMedCentralPubMed
26.
McIntyre PG, Laszlo J, Appleyard K, Ogden GR (1996) Modified enzyme immunoassay to detect hepatitis C virus antibodies in oral fluid. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 15:882–884CrossRefPubMed
27.
van Doornum GJ, Lodder A, Buimer M, van Ameijden EJ, Bruisten S (2001) Evaluation of hepatitis C antibody testing in saliva specimens collected by two different systems in comparison with HCV antibody and HCV RNA in serum. J Med Virol 64:13–20CrossRefPubMed
28.
Caldwell SH, Sue M, Bowden JH, Dickson RC, Driscoll CJ, Yeaton P, Stevenson WC, Ishitani MB, McCulloug CS, Pruett TL, Lovell MA (1996) Hepatitis C virus in body fluids after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 2:124–129CrossRefPubMed
29.
Fabris P, Infantolino D, Biasin MR, Marchelle G, Venza E, Terribile Wiel Marin V, Benedetti P, Tossitti G, Manfrin V, del Lalla F (1999) High prevalence of HCV RNA in the saliva fraction of patients with chronic hepatitis C but no evidence of HCV transmission among sexual partners. Infection 27:86–91CrossRefPubMed
30.
Hermida M, Ferreiro MC, Barral S, Laredo R, Castro A, Diz-Dios P (2002) Detection of HCV RNA in saliva of patients with hepatitis C virus infection by using a highly sensitive test. J Virol Methods 101:29–35CrossRefPubMed
31.
Alter MJ, Kruszon-Moran D, Nainan OV, McQuillan GM, Gao F, Moyer LA, Kaslow RA, Margolis HS (1999) The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. N Engl J Med 341:556–562CrossRefPubMed
32.
González V, Martró E, Folch C, Esteve A, Matas L, Montoliu A, Grífols JR, Bolao F, Tural C, Muga R, Parry JV, Ausina V, Casabona J (2008) Detection of hepatitis C virus antibodies in oral fluid specimens for prevalence studies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 27:121–126CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Accuracy of rapid oral HCV diagnostic test among a Saudi sample
Authors
Suzan Ibrahim
Safia Ali Al Attas
Ghada Anwar Mansour
Soliman Ouda
Hind Fallatah
Publication date
01-03-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 2/2015
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1261-y

Other articles of this Issue 2/2015

Clinical Oral Investigations 2/2015 Go to the issue

Original Article

Apically extruded dentin debris by reciprocating single-file and multi-file rotary system

Original Article

Azithromycin suppresses P. gingivalis LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by human gingival fibroblasts in vitro

Original Article

Comparison of Forsus FRD EZ and Andresen activator in the treatment of class II, division 1 malocclusions

Original Article

Tensile bond strength of resin composite repair in vitro using different surface preparation conditionings to an aged CAD/CAM resin nanoceramic

Original Article

Damage of lithium-disilicate all-ceramic restorations by an experimental self-adhesive resin cement used as core build-ups

Original Article

Supplementary sampling of obturation materials enhances microbial analysis of endodontic treatment failures: a proof of principle study