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Archives of Virology
Published in: Archives of Virology 8/2009

01-08-2009 | Original Article

Genetic analysis of avian influenza A viruses isolated from domestic waterfowl in live-bird markets of Hanoi, Vietnam, preceding fatal H5N1 human infections in 2004

Authors: Samadhan J. Jadhao, Doan C. Nguyen, Timothy M. Uyeki, Michael Shaw, Taronna Maines, Thomas Rowe, Catherine Smith, Lien P. T. Huynh, Ha K. Nghiem, Diep H. T. Nguyen, Hang K. L. Nguyen, Hanh H. T. Nguyen, Long T. Hoang, Tung Nguyen, Lien S. Phuong, Alexander Klimov, Terrence M. Tumpey, Nancy J. Cox, Ruben O. Donis, Yumiko Matsuoka, Jacqueline M. Katz

Published in: Archives of Virology | Issue 8/2009

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Abstract

The first known cases of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses in Vietnam occurred in late 2003. However, HPAI H5N1 and low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N2 and H9N3 viruses were isolated from domestic waterfowl during live-bird market (LBM) surveillance in Vietnam in 2001 and 2003. To understand the possible role of these early viruses in the genesis of H5N1 strains infecting people, we performed sequencing and molecular characterization. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of two geese HPAI H5N1 strains belonged to clade 3, and their surface glycoprotein and replication complex genes were most closely related (98.5–99.7% homologous) to A/duck/Guangxi/22/01 (H5N1) virus, detected contemporarily in southern China, whilst the M and NS genes were derived from an A/duck/Hong Kong/2986.1/00 (H5N1)-like virus. The H5 HA gene of the duck HPAI H5N1 strain belonged to clade 5 and acquired a gene constellation from A/quail/Shantou/3846/02 (H5N1), A/teal/China/2978.1/02 (H5N1) and A/partridge/Shantou/2286/03 (H5N1)-like viruses. The phylogenetic analysis further indicated that all eight gene segments of goose and duck HPAI H5N1 and LPAI H5N2 viruses were distinct from those of H5N1 clade-1 viruses known to have caused fatal human infections in Vietnam since late 2003. The duck H9N3 isolates derived genes from aquatic-bird influenza viruses, and their H9 HA belonged to the Korean lineage. The PB2 gene of A/duck/Vietnam/340/01 (H9N3) virus had lysine at position 627. Based on the molecular characterization of specific amino acid residues in the surface and relevant internal protein-coding genes, the Vietnamese H5N1 and H9N3 virus isolates indicated specificity to avian cell surface receptor and susceptibility for currently licensed anti-influenza A virus chemotherapeutics. Our findings suggest that the H5N1 and H5N2 viruses that circulated among geese and ducks in LBMs in Hanoi, Vietnam, during 2001 and 2003 were not the immediate ancestors of the clade-1 viruses associated with fatal human infections in Vietnam. The clade-1 HPAI H5N1 viruses were independently introduced into Vietnam.
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Metadata
Title
Genetic analysis of avian influenza A viruses isolated from domestic waterfowl in live-bird markets of Hanoi, Vietnam, preceding fatal H5N1 human infections in 2004
Authors
Samadhan J. Jadhao
Doan C. Nguyen
Timothy M. Uyeki
Michael Shaw
Taronna Maines
Thomas Rowe
Catherine Smith
Lien P. T. Huynh
Ha K. Nghiem
Diep H. T. Nguyen
Hang K. L. Nguyen
Hanh H. T. Nguyen
Long T. Hoang
Tung Nguyen
Lien S. Phuong
Alexander Klimov
Terrence M. Tumpey
Nancy J. Cox
Ruben O. Donis
Yumiko Matsuoka
Jacqueline M. Katz
Publication date
01-08-2009
Publisher
Springer Vienna
Published in
Archives of Virology / Issue 8/2009
Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Electronic ISSN: 1432-8798
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-009-0429-2

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