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Pediatric Nephrology
Published in: Pediatric Nephrology 6/2019

01-06-2019 | Review

Oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease

Authors: Kristien Daenen, Asmin Andries, Djalila Mekahli, Ann Van Schepdael, François Jouret, Bert Bammens

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology | Issue 6/2019

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Abstract

Oxidative stress (OS), defined as disturbances in the pro-/antioxidant balance, is harmful to cells due to the excessive generation of highly reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. When the balance is not disturbed, OS has a role in physiological adaptations and signal transduction. However, an excessive amount of ROS and RNS results in the oxidation of biological molecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Oxidative stress has been reported in kidney disease, due to both antioxidant depletions as well as increased ROS production. The kidney is a highly metabolic organ, rich in oxidation reactions in mitochondria, which makes it vulnerable to damage caused by OS, and several studies have shown that OS can accelerate kidney disease progression. Also, in patients at advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), increased OS is associated with complications such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and anemia. In this review, we aim to describe OS and its influence on CKD progression and its complications. We also discuss the potential role of various antioxidants and pharmacological agents, which may represent potential therapeutic targets to reduce OS in both pediatric and adult CKD patients.
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Metadata
Title
Oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease
Authors
Kristien Daenen
Asmin Andries
Djalila Mekahli
Ann Van Schepdael
François Jouret
Bert Bammens
Publication date
01-06-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Nephrology / Issue 6/2019
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-018-4005-4

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