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Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology 3/2015

01-06-2015 | Review

Superresolution imaging of viral protein trafficking

Authors: Anamaris M. Colberg-Poley, George H. Patterson, Kyle Salka, Shivaprasad Bhuvanendran, David Yang, Jyoti K. Jaiswal

Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology | Issue 3/2015

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Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is closely apposed to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), which facilitates communication between these organelles. These contacts, known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), facilitate calcium signaling, lipid transfer, as well as antiviral and stress responses. How cellular proteins traffic to the MAM, are distributed therein, and interact with ER and mitochondrial proteins are subject of great interest. The human cytomegalovirus UL37 exon 1 protein or viral mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA) is crucial for viral growth. Upon synthesis at the ER, vMIA traffics to the MAM and OMM, where it reprograms the organization and function of these compartments. vMIA significantly changes the abundance of cellular proteins at the MAM and OMM, including proteins that regulate calcium homeostasis and cell death. Through the use of superresolution imaging, we have shown that vMIA is distributed at the OMM in nanometer scale clusters. This is similar to the clusters reported for the mitochondrial calcium channel, VDAC, as well as electron transport chain, translocase of the OMM complex, and mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system components. Thus, aside from addressing how vMIA targets the MAM and regulates survival of infected cells, biochemical studies and superresolution imaging of vMIA offer insights into the formation, organization, and functioning of MAM. Here, we discuss these insights into trafficking, function, and organization of vMIA at the MAM and OMM and discuss how the use of superresolution imaging is contributing to the study of the formation and trafficking of viruses.
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Metadata
Title
Superresolution imaging of viral protein trafficking
Authors
Anamaris M. Colberg-Poley
George H. Patterson
Kyle Salka
Shivaprasad Bhuvanendran
David Yang
Jyoti K. Jaiswal
Publication date
01-06-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Medical Microbiology and Immunology / Issue 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0300-8584
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-015-0395-0

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