Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 10/2005

01-10-2005 | Laboratory Investigation

Neuroprotective effects of cardiotrophin-like cytokine on retinal ganglion cells

Authors: Frank Schuettauf, David Zurakowski, Kristine Quinto, Meghana A. Varde, Dorothea Besch, Alan Laties, Ralph Anderson, Rong Wen

Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Issue 10/2005

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Premature neuronal cell death is a feature of numerous central nervous system and eye diseases, including glaucoma. Neurons (including retinal ganglion cells, RGCs) are protected by several neurotrophic factors, among those the IL-6 family of cytokines. Lately, a novel member of the IL-6 family of cytokines has been identified and cloned. This cytokine is known as novel neurotrophin-1/B-cell-stimulating factor-3 (NNT-1/BSF-3) or cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC). It shows neurotrophic as well as B-cell stimulatory effects.

Methods

In this study, the neuroprotective properties of CLC on RGC loss in vivo were investigated.

Results

CLC significantly protected RGCs from degeneration in both chosen models of retinal neuronal damage: optic nerve crush (P<0.01) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) injection (P<0.001).

Conclusions

CLC shows neuroprotective effects on RGCs in vivo and might be a treatment option for chronic neurodegenerative eye diseases such as glaucoma. Clinical feasibility for the substance requires further investigation since the immunomodulatory and possible adverse effects have not yet been thoroughly characterized.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Albensi BC, Igoechi C, Janigro D, Ilkanich E (2004) Why do many NMDA antagonists fail, while others are safe and effective at blocking excitotoxicity associated with dementia and acute injury? Am J Alzheimer’s Dis Other Dement 19(5):269–274CrossRef Albensi BC, Igoechi C, Janigro D, Ilkanich E (2004) Why do many NMDA antagonists fail, while others are safe and effective at blocking excitotoxicity associated with dementia and acute injury? Am J Alzheimer’s Dis Other Dement 19(5):269–274CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Bien A, Seidenbecher CI, Bockers TM, Sabel BA, Kreutz MR (1999) Apoptotic versus necrotic characteristics of retinal ganglion cell death after partial optic nerve injury. J Neurotrauma 16(2):153–163PubMed Bien A, Seidenbecher CI, Bockers TM, Sabel BA, Kreutz MR (1999) Apoptotic versus necrotic characteristics of retinal ganglion cell death after partial optic nerve injury. J Neurotrauma 16(2):153–163PubMed
3.
go back to reference Bordet T, Schmalbruch H, Pettmann B et al (1999) Adenoviral cardiotrophin-1 gene transfer protects pmn mice from progressive motor neuronopathy. J Clin Invest 104(8):1077–1085PubMed Bordet T, Schmalbruch H, Pettmann B et al (1999) Adenoviral cardiotrophin-1 gene transfer protects pmn mice from progressive motor neuronopathy. J Clin Invest 104(8):1077–1085PubMed
4.
5.
go back to reference Buki A, Okonkwo DO, Wang KK, Povlishock JT (2000) Cytochrome c release and caspase activation in traumatic axonal injury. J Neurosci 20(8):2825–2834PubMed Buki A, Okonkwo DO, Wang KK, Povlishock JT (2000) Cytochrome c release and caspase activation in traumatic axonal injury. J Neurosci 20(8):2825–2834PubMed
6.
go back to reference Buys YM, Trope GE, Tatton WG (1995) (-)-Deprenyl increases the survival of rat retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush. Curr Eye Res 14(2):119–126PubMedCrossRef Buys YM, Trope GE, Tatton WG (1995) (-)-Deprenyl increases the survival of rat retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush. Curr Eye Res 14(2):119–126PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Carlson NG, Wieggel WA, Chen J, Bacchi A, Rogers SW, Gahring LC (1999) Inflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha impart neuroprotection to an excitotoxin through distinct pathways. J Immunol 163(7):3963–3968PubMed Carlson NG, Wieggel WA, Chen J, Bacchi A, Rogers SW, Gahring LC (1999) Inflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha impart neuroprotection to an excitotoxin through distinct pathways. J Immunol 163(7):3963–3968PubMed
8.
go back to reference Chaudhary P, Ahmed F, Quebada P, Sharma SC (1999) Caspase inhibitors block the retinal ganglion cell death following optic nerve transection. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 67(1):36–45CrossRefPubMed Chaudhary P, Ahmed F, Quebada P, Sharma SC (1999) Caspase inhibitors block the retinal ganglion cell death following optic nerve transection. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 67(1):36–45CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Chen TA, Yang F, Cole GM, Chan SO (2001) Inhibition of caspase-3-like activity reduces glutamate induced cell death in adult rat retina. Brain Res 904(1):177–188CrossRefPubMed Chen TA, Yang F, Cole GM, Chan SO (2001) Inhibition of caspase-3-like activity reduces glutamate induced cell death in adult rat retina. Brain Res 904(1):177–188CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Chuenkova MV, Pereira MA (2000) A trypanosomal protein synergizes with the cytokines ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor to prevent apoptosis of neuronal cells. Mol Biol Cell 11(4):1487–1498PubMed Chuenkova MV, Pereira MA (2000) A trypanosomal protein synergizes with the cytokines ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor to prevent apoptosis of neuronal cells. Mol Biol Cell 11(4):1487–1498PubMed
11.
go back to reference Concha NO, Abdel-Meguid SS (2002) Controlling apoptosis by inhibition of caspases. Curr Med Chem 9(6):713–726PubMed Concha NO, Abdel-Meguid SS (2002) Controlling apoptosis by inhibition of caspases. Curr Med Chem 9(6):713–726PubMed
12.
go back to reference Dreyer EB (1997) The potential for neuroprotection in glaucoma. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 10:365–376 Dreyer EB (1997) The potential for neuroprotection in glaucoma. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 10:365–376
13.
go back to reference Eskes C, Honegger P, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Monnet-Tschudi F (2002) Microglial reaction induced by noncytotoxic methylmercury treatment leads to neuroprotection via interactions with astrocytes and IL-6 release. Glia 37(1):43–52CrossRefPubMed Eskes C, Honegger P, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Monnet-Tschudi F (2002) Microglial reaction induced by noncytotoxic methylmercury treatment leads to neuroprotection via interactions with astrocytes and IL-6 release. Glia 37(1):43–52CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Fattori E, Della RC, Costa P et al (1994) Development of progressive kidney damage and myeloma kidney in interleukin-6 transgenic mice. Blood 83(9):2570–2579PubMed Fattori E, Della RC, Costa P et al (1994) Development of progressive kidney damage and myeloma kidney in interleukin-6 transgenic mice. Blood 83(9):2570–2579PubMed
15.
go back to reference Finiels F, Robert JJ, Samolyk ML, Privat A, Mallet J, Revah F (1995) Induction of neuronal apoptosis by excitotoxins associated with long-lasting increase of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-responsive element-binding activity. J Neurochem 65(3):1027–1034PubMedCrossRef Finiels F, Robert JJ, Samolyk ML, Privat A, Mallet J, Revah F (1995) Induction of neuronal apoptosis by excitotoxins associated with long-lasting increase of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-responsive element-binding activity. J Neurochem 65(3):1027–1034PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Gahring LC, Carlson NG, Wieggel WA, Howard J, Rogers SW (1999) Alcohol blocks TNFalpha but not other cytokine-mediated neuroprotection to NMDA. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23(10):1571–1579PubMed Gahring LC, Carlson NG, Wieggel WA, Howard J, Rogers SW (1999) Alcohol blocks TNFalpha but not other cytokine-mediated neuroprotection to NMDA. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23(10):1571–1579PubMed
17.
go back to reference Gao H, Qiao X, Cantor LB, WuDunn D (2002) Up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression by brimonidine in rat retinal ganglion cells. Arch Ophthalmol 120(6):797–803PubMed Gao H, Qiao X, Cantor LB, WuDunn D (2002) Up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression by brimonidine in rat retinal ganglion cells. Arch Ophthalmol 120(6):797–803PubMed
18.
go back to reference Gonzalez-Garcia M, Garcia I, Ding L et al (1995) bcl-x is expressed in embryonic and postnatal neural tissues and functions to prevent neuronal cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(10):4304–4308PubMedCrossRef Gonzalez-Garcia M, Garcia I, Ding L et al (1995) bcl-x is expressed in embryonic and postnatal neural tissues and functions to prevent neuronal cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(10):4304–4308PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Haase G, Pettmann B, Bordet T et al (1999) Therapeutic benefit of ciliary neurotrophic factor in progressive motor neuronopathy depends on the route of delivery. Ann Neurol 45(3):296–304CrossRefPubMed Haase G, Pettmann B, Bordet T et al (1999) Therapeutic benefit of ciliary neurotrophic factor in progressive motor neuronopathy depends on the route of delivery. Ann Neurol 45(3):296–304CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Hare WA, Woldemussie E, Lai RK et al (2004) Efficacy and safety of memantine treatment for reduction of changes associated with experimental glaucoma in monkey. I. Functional measures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45(8):2625–2639CrossRefPubMed Hare WA, Woldemussie E, Lai RK et al (2004) Efficacy and safety of memantine treatment for reduction of changes associated with experimental glaucoma in monkey. I. Functional measures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45(8):2625–2639CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Hare WA, Woldemussie E, Weinreb RN et al (2004) Efficacy and safety of memantine treatment for reduction of changes associated with experimental glaucoma in monkey. II. Structural measures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45(8):2640–2651CrossRefPubMed Hare WA, Woldemussie E, Weinreb RN et al (2004) Efficacy and safety of memantine treatment for reduction of changes associated with experimental glaucoma in monkey. II. Structural measures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45(8):2640–2651CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Hiller R, Kahn HA (1975) Blindness from glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 80:62–69PubMed Hiller R, Kahn HA (1975) Blindness from glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 80:62–69PubMed
23.
go back to reference Ientile R, Macaione V, Teletta M, Pedale S, Torre V, Macaione S (2001) Apoptosis and necrosis occurring in excitotoxic cell death in isolated chick embryo retina. J Neurochem 79(1):71–78CrossRefPubMed Ientile R, Macaione V, Teletta M, Pedale S, Torre V, Macaione S (2001) Apoptosis and necrosis occurring in excitotoxic cell death in isolated chick embryo retina. J Neurochem 79(1):71–78CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Kitano S, Morgan J, Caprioli J (1996) Hypoxic and excitotoxic damage to cultured rat retinal ganglion cells. Exp Eye Res 63(1):105–112CrossRefPubMed Kitano S, Morgan J, Caprioli J (1996) Hypoxic and excitotoxic damage to cultured rat retinal ganglion cells. Exp Eye Res 63(1):105–112CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Kwong JM, Lam TT (2000) N -methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA) induced apoptosis in adult rabbit retinas. Exp Eye Res 71(4):437–444CrossRefPubMed Kwong JM, Lam TT (2000) N -methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA) induced apoptosis in adult rabbit retinas. Exp Eye Res 71(4):437–444CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Lam TT, Abler AS, Kwong JM, Tso MO (1999) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced apoptosis in rat retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40(10):2391–2397PubMed Lam TT, Abler AS, Kwong JM, Tso MO (1999) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced apoptosis in rat retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40(10):2391–2397PubMed
27.
go back to reference Lelievre E, Plun-Favreau H, Chevalier S et al (2001) Signaling pathways recruited by the cardiotrophin-like cytokine/cytokine-like factor-1 composite cytokine: specific requirement of the membrane-bound form of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha component. J Biol Chem 276(25):22476–22484CrossRefPubMed Lelievre E, Plun-Favreau H, Chevalier S et al (2001) Signaling pathways recruited by the cardiotrophin-like cytokine/cytokine-like factor-1 composite cytokine: specific requirement of the membrane-bound form of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha component. J Biol Chem 276(25):22476–22484CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Lesbordes JC, Bordet T, Haase G et al (2002) In vivo electrotransfer of the cardiotrophin-1 gene into skeletal muscle slows down progression of motor neuron degeneration in pmn mice. Hum Mol Genet 11(14):1615–1625CrossRefPubMed Lesbordes JC, Bordet T, Haase G et al (2002) In vivo electrotransfer of the cardiotrophin-1 gene into skeletal muscle slows down progression of motor neuron degeneration in pmn mice. Hum Mol Genet 11(14):1615–1625CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Levy DI, Lipton SA (1990) Comparison of delayed administration of competitive and uncompetitive antagonists in preventing NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal death. Neurology 40(5):852–855PubMed Levy DI, Lipton SA (1990) Comparison of delayed administration of competitive and uncompetitive antagonists in preventing NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal death. Neurology 40(5):852–855PubMed
30.
go back to reference Loddick SA, Turnbull AV, Rothwell NJ (1998) Cerebral interleukin-6 is neuroprotective during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 18(2):176–179CrossRefPubMed Loddick SA, Turnbull AV, Rothwell NJ (1998) Cerebral interleukin-6 is neuroprotective during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 18(2):176–179CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Lutticken C, Wegenka UM, Yuan J et al (1994) Association of transcription factor APRF and protein kinase Jak1 with the interleukin-6 signal transducer gp130. Science 263(5143):89–92PubMedCrossRef Lutticken C, Wegenka UM, Yuan J et al (1994) Association of transcription factor APRF and protein kinase Jak1 with the interleukin-6 signal transducer gp130. Science 263(5143):89–92PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Martin KR, Levkovitch-Verbin H, Valenta D, Baumrind L, Pease ME, Quigley HA (2002) Retinal glutamate transporter changes in experimental glaucoma and after optic nerve transection in the rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43(7):2236–2243PubMed Martin KR, Levkovitch-Verbin H, Valenta D, Baumrind L, Pease ME, Quigley HA (2002) Retinal glutamate transporter changes in experimental glaucoma and after optic nerve transection in the rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43(7):2236–2243PubMed
33.
go back to reference Mittoux V, Ouary S, Monville C et al (2002) Corticostriatopallidal neuroprotection by adenovirus-mediated ciliary neurotrophic factor gene transfer in a rat model of progressive striatal degeneration. J Neurosci 22(11):4478–4486PubMed Mittoux V, Ouary S, Monville C et al (2002) Corticostriatopallidal neuroprotection by adenovirus-mediated ciliary neurotrophic factor gene transfer in a rat model of progressive striatal degeneration. J Neurosci 22(11):4478–4486PubMed
34.
go back to reference Motoyama N, Wang F, Roth KA et al (1995) Massive cell death of immature hematopoietic cells and neurons in Bcl-x- deficient mice. Science 267(5203):1506–1510PubMedCrossRef Motoyama N, Wang F, Roth KA et al (1995) Massive cell death of immature hematopoietic cells and neurons in Bcl-x- deficient mice. Science 267(5203):1506–1510PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Narazaki M, Witthuhn BA, Yoshida K et al (1994) Activation of JAK2 kinase mediated by the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(6):2285–2289PubMedCrossRef Narazaki M, Witthuhn BA, Yoshida K et al (1994) Activation of JAK2 kinase mediated by the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(6):2285–2289PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Olney JW (1969) Glutamate-induced retinal degeneration in neonatal mice: Electron microscopy of the acutely evolving lesion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 28:455–474PubMed Olney JW (1969) Glutamate-induced retinal degeneration in neonatal mice: Electron microscopy of the acutely evolving lesion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 28:455–474PubMed
37.
go back to reference Parsadanian AS, Cheng Y, Keller-Peck CR, Holtzman DM, Snider WD (1998) Bcl-xL is an antiapoptotic regulator for postnatal CNS neurons. J Neurosci 18(3):1009–1019PubMed Parsadanian AS, Cheng Y, Keller-Peck CR, Holtzman DM, Snider WD (1998) Bcl-xL is an antiapoptotic regulator for postnatal CNS neurons. J Neurosci 18(3):1009–1019PubMed
38.
go back to reference Peterson WM, Wang Q, Tzekova R, Wiegand SJ (2000) Ciliary neurotrophic factor and stress stimuli activate the Jak-STAT pathway in retinal neurons and glia. J Neurosci 20(11):4081–4090PubMed Peterson WM, Wang Q, Tzekova R, Wiegand SJ (2000) Ciliary neurotrophic factor and stress stimuli activate the Jak-STAT pathway in retinal neurons and glia. J Neurosci 20(11):4081–4090PubMed
39.
go back to reference Schroder A, Erb C (2002) Use of memantine in progressive glaucoma. Case report. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 219(7):533–536CrossRefPubMed Schroder A, Erb C (2002) Use of memantine in progressive glaucoma. Case report. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 219(7):533–536CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Schüttauf F, Naskar R, Vorwerk CK, Zurakowski D, Dreyer EB (2000) Ganglion cell loss after optic nerve crush mediated through AMPA-kainate and NMDA receptors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41(13):4313–4316PubMed Schüttauf F, Naskar R, Vorwerk CK, Zurakowski D, Dreyer EB (2000) Ganglion cell loss after optic nerve crush mediated through AMPA-kainate and NMDA receptors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41(13):4313–4316PubMed
41.
go back to reference Schweizer U, Gunnersen J, Karch C et al (2002) Conditional gene ablation of Stat3 reveals differential signaling requirements for survival of motoneurons during development and after nerve injury in the adult. J Cell Biol 156(2):287–297CrossRefPubMed Schweizer U, Gunnersen J, Karch C et al (2002) Conditional gene ablation of Stat3 reveals differential signaling requirements for survival of motoneurons during development and after nerve injury in the adult. J Cell Biol 156(2):287–297CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Seidel HM, Lamb P, Rosen J (2000) Pharmaceutical intervention in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Oncogene 19(21):2645–2656CrossRefPubMed Seidel HM, Lamb P, Rosen J (2000) Pharmaceutical intervention in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Oncogene 19(21):2645–2656CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Senaldi G, Stolina M, Guo J et al (2002) Regulatory effects of novel neurotrophin-1/b cell-stimulating factor-3 (cardiotrophin-like cytokine) on B cell function. J Immunol 168(11):5690–5698PubMed Senaldi G, Stolina M, Guo J et al (2002) Regulatory effects of novel neurotrophin-1/b cell-stimulating factor-3 (cardiotrophin-like cytokine) on B cell function. J Immunol 168(11):5690–5698PubMed
44.
go back to reference Senaldi G, Varnum BC, Sarmiento U et al (1999) Novel neurotrophin-1/B cell-stimulating factor-3: a cytokine of the IL-6 family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(20):11458–11463CrossRefPubMed Senaldi G, Varnum BC, Sarmiento U et al (1999) Novel neurotrophin-1/B cell-stimulating factor-3: a cytokine of the IL-6 family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(20):11458–11463CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Shi Y, Wang W, Yourey PA et al (1999) Computational EST database analysis identifies a novel member of the neuropoietic cytokine family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 262(1):132–138CrossRefPubMed Shi Y, Wang W, Yourey PA et al (1999) Computational EST database analysis identifies a novel member of the neuropoietic cytokine family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 262(1):132–138CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Sisk DR, Kuwabara T (1985) Histologic changes in the inner retina of albino rats following intravitreal injection of monosodium L-glutamate. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 223:250–258CrossRef Sisk DR, Kuwabara T (1985) Histologic changes in the inner retina of albino rats following intravitreal injection of monosodium L-glutamate. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 223:250–258CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Sisk DR, Kuwabara T, Kirsch AD (1984) Behavioral recovery in albino rats with glutamate-damaged retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 25(10):1124–1128PubMed Sisk DR, Kuwabara T, Kirsch AD (1984) Behavioral recovery in albino rats with glutamate-damaged retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 25(10):1124–1128PubMed
48.
go back to reference Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 3rd edn. Freeman, New York, pp 331–352 Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 3rd edn. Freeman, New York, pp 331–352
49.
go back to reference Stahl N, Boulton TG, Farruggella T et al (1994) Association and activation of Jak-Tyk kinases by CNTF-LIF-OSM-IL-6 beta receptor components. Science 263(5143):92–95PubMedCrossRef Stahl N, Boulton TG, Farruggella T et al (1994) Association and activation of Jak-Tyk kinases by CNTF-LIF-OSM-IL-6 beta receptor components. Science 263(5143):92–95PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Suematsu S, Matsuda T, Aozasa K et al (1989) IgG1 plasmacytosis in interleukin 6 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86(19):7547–7551PubMedCrossRef Suematsu S, Matsuda T, Aozasa K et al (1989) IgG1 plasmacytosis in interleukin 6 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86(19):7547–7551PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Toth G, Yang H, Anguelov RA, Vettraino J, Wang Y, Acsadi G (2002) Gene transfer of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and cardiotrophin-1 protects PC12 cells from injury: involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase pathways. J Neurosci Res 69(5):622–632CrossRefPubMed Toth G, Yang H, Anguelov RA, Vettraino J, Wang Y, Acsadi G (2002) Gene transfer of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and cardiotrophin-1 protects PC12 cells from injury: involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase pathways. J Neurosci Res 69(5):622–632CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Ullian EM, Barkis WB, Chen S, Diamond JS, Barres BA (2004) Invulnerability of retinal ganglion cells to NMDA excitotoxicity. Mol Cell Neurosci 26(4):544–557CrossRefPubMed Ullian EM, Barkis WB, Chen S, Diamond JS, Barres BA (2004) Invulnerability of retinal ganglion cells to NMDA excitotoxicity. Mol Cell Neurosci 26(4):544–557CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Villani L, Guarnieri T, Dell’Erba G (1997) Apoptosis is induced by excitotoxicity in goldfish retina. J Hirnforsch 38(4):481–486PubMed Villani L, Guarnieri T, Dell’Erba G (1997) Apoptosis is induced by excitotoxicity in goldfish retina. J Hirnforsch 38(4):481–486PubMed
54.
go back to reference Vorwerk CK, Gorla MS, Dreyer EB (1999) An experimental basis for implicating excitotoxicity in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Surv Ophthalmol 43:142–150CrossRef Vorwerk CK, Gorla MS, Dreyer EB (1999) An experimental basis for implicating excitotoxicity in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Surv Ophthalmol 43:142–150CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Vorwerk CK, Lipton SA, Zurakowski D, Hyman BT, Sabel BA, Dreyer EB (1996) Chronic low dose glutamate is toxic to retinal ganglion cells; toxicity blocked by memantine. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37(8):1618–1624PubMed Vorwerk CK, Lipton SA, Zurakowski D, Hyman BT, Sabel BA, Dreyer EB (1996) Chronic low dose glutamate is toxic to retinal ganglion cells; toxicity blocked by memantine. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37(8):1618–1624PubMed
56.
go back to reference Vorwerk CK, Naskar R, Schüttauf F et al (2001) Excitotoxicity can be mediated through an interaction within the optic nerve; activation of cell body NMDA receptors is not required. Vet Ophthalmol 4(3):201–204CrossRefPubMed Vorwerk CK, Naskar R, Schüttauf F et al (2001) Excitotoxicity can be mediated through an interaction within the optic nerve; activation of cell body NMDA receptors is not required. Vet Ophthalmol 4(3):201–204CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Wheeler LA, Woldemussie E (2001) Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists are neuroprotective in experimental models of glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol 11(Suppl 2):S30–S35PubMed Wheeler LA, Woldemussie E (2001) Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists are neuroprotective in experimental models of glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol 11(Suppl 2):S30–S35PubMed
58.
go back to reference Yoles E, Muller S, Schwartz M (1997) NMDA-receptor antagonist protects neurons from secondary degeneration after partial optic nerve crush. J Neurotrauma 14(9):665–675PubMed Yoles E, Muller S, Schwartz M (1997) NMDA-receptor antagonist protects neurons from secondary degeneration after partial optic nerve crush. J Neurotrauma 14(9):665–675PubMed
59.
go back to reference Yoon KW, Fuse T, Shah PT, Nguyen S, Klein ML (1998) Indirect glutamate neurotoxicity. J Neurotrauma 15(2):141–147PubMedCrossRef Yoon KW, Fuse T, Shah PT, Nguyen S, Klein ML (1998) Indirect glutamate neurotoxicity. J Neurotrauma 15(2):141–147PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Zhang J, Wu SM, Gross RL (2003) Effects of beta-adrenergic blockers on glutamate-induced calcium signals in adult mouse retinal ganglion cells. Brain Res 959(1):111–119CrossRefPubMed Zhang J, Wu SM, Gross RL (2003) Effects of beta-adrenergic blockers on glutamate-induced calcium signals in adult mouse retinal ganglion cells. Brain Res 959(1):111–119CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Neuroprotective effects of cardiotrophin-like cytokine on retinal ganglion cells
Authors
Frank Schuettauf
David Zurakowski
Kristine Quinto
Meghana A. Varde
Dorothea Besch
Alan Laties
Ralph Anderson
Rong Wen
Publication date
01-10-2005
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Issue 10/2005
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-005-1152-7

Other articles of this Issue 10/2005

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 10/2005 Go to the issue