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Acta Neuropathologica
Published in: Acta Neuropathologica 3/2010

01-09-2010 | Review

The overlap between neurodegenerative and vascular factors in the pathogenesis of dementia

Author: Costantino Iadecola

Published in: Acta Neuropathologica | Issue 3/2010

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Abstract

There is increasing evidence that cerebrovascular dysfunction plays a role not only in vascular causes of cognitive impairment but also in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Vascular risk factors and AD impair the structure and function of cerebral blood vessels and associated cells (neurovascular unit), effects mediated by vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Injury to the neurovascular unit alters cerebral blood flow regulation, depletes vascular reserves, disrupts the blood–brain barrier, and reduces the brain’s repair potential, effects that amplify the brain dysfunction and damage exerted by incident ischemia and coexisting neurodegeneration. Clinical-pathological studies support the notion that vascular lesions aggravate the deleterious effects of AD pathology by reducing the threshold for cognitive impairment and accelerating the pace of the dementia. In the absence of mechanism-based approaches to counteract cognitive dysfunction, targeting vascular risk factors and improving cerebrovascular health offers the opportunity to mitigate the impact of one of the most disabling human afflictions.
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Metadata
Title
The overlap between neurodegenerative and vascular factors in the pathogenesis of dementia
Author
Costantino Iadecola
Publication date
01-09-2010
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Acta Neuropathologica / Issue 3/2010
Print ISSN: 0001-6322
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0533
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-010-0718-6

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