Characteristics of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with atrial fibrillation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

go back to reference Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, Chang Y, Henault LE, Selby JV, Singer DE (2001) Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study. JAMA 285:2370–2375CrossRefPubMed Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, Chang Y, Henault LE, Selby JV, Singer DE (2001) Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study. JAMA 285:2370–2375CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Reinhold T, Lindig C, Willich SN, Bruggenjurgen B (2011) The costs of atrial fibrillation in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities—a longitudinal analysis of German health insurance data. Europace 13:1275–1280CrossRefPubMed Reinhold T, Lindig C, Willich SN, Bruggenjurgen B (2011) The costs of atrial fibrillation in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities—a longitudinal analysis of German health insurance data. Europace 13:1275–1280CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vaziri SM, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Wolf PA (1994) Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study JAMA 271:840–844PubMed Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vaziri SM, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Wolf PA (1994) Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study JAMA 271:840–844PubMed

go back to reference Gami AS, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Olson EJ, Nykodym J, Kara T, Somers VK (2007) Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:565–571CrossRefPubMed Gami AS, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Olson EJ, Nykodym J, Kara T, Somers VK (2007) Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:565–571CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Leung RS, Huber MA, Rogge T, Maimon N, Chiu KL, Bradley TD (2005) Association between atrial fibrillation and central sleep apnea. Sleep 28:1543–1546CrossRefPubMed Leung RS, Huber MA, Rogge T, Maimon N, Chiu KL, Bradley TD (2005) Association between atrial fibrillation and central sleep apnea. Sleep 28:1543–1546CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S, Lee ET, Newman AB, Nieto FJ, O’Connor GT, Boland LL, Schwartz JE, Samet JM (2001) Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:19–25CrossRefPubMed Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S, Lee ET, Newman AB, Nieto FJ, O’Connor GT, Boland LL, Schwartz JE, Samet JM (2001) Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:19–25CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Braga B, Poyares D, Cintra F, Guilleminault C, Cirenza C, Horbach S, Macedo D, Silva R, Tufik S, De Paola AA (2009) Sleep-disordered breathing and chronic atrial fibrillation. Sleep Med 10:212–216CrossRefPubMed Braga B, Poyares D, Cintra F, Guilleminault C, Cirenza C, Horbach S, Macedo D, Silva R, Tufik S, De Paola AA (2009) Sleep-disordered breathing and chronic atrial fibrillation. Sleep Med 10:212–216CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S (1993) The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 328:1230–1235CrossRefPubMed Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S (1993) The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 328:1230–1235CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Somers VK, Dyken ME, Clary MP, Abboud FM (1995) Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest 96:1897–1904CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Somers VK, Dyken ME, Clary MP, Abboud FM (1995) Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest 96:1897–1904CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Linz D, Hohl M, Ukena C, Mahfoud F, Wirth K, Neuberger HR, Bohm M (2015) Obstructive respiratory events and premature atrial contractions after cardioversion. Eur Respir J 45:1332–1340CrossRefPubMed Linz D, Hohl M, Ukena C, Mahfoud F, Wirth K, Neuberger HR, Bohm M (2015) Obstructive respiratory events and premature atrial contractions after cardioversion. Eur Respir J 45:1332–1340CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Linz D, Schotten U, Neuberger HR, Bohm M, Wirth K (2011) Negative tracheal pressure during obstructive respiratory events promotes atrial fibrillation by vagal activation. Heart Rhythm 8:1436–1443CrossRefPubMed Linz D, Schotten U, Neuberger HR, Bohm M, Wirth K (2011) Negative tracheal pressure during obstructive respiratory events promotes atrial fibrillation by vagal activation. Heart Rhythm 8:1436–1443CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Lammers WJ, Kirchhof C, Bonke FI, Allessie MA (1992) Vulnerability of rabbit atrium to reentry by hypoxia. Role of inhomogeneity in conduction and wavelength. Am J Physiol 262:H47-55PubMed Lammers WJ, Kirchhof C, Bonke FI, Allessie MA (1992) Vulnerability of rabbit atrium to reentry by hypoxia. Role of inhomogeneity in conduction and wavelength. Am J Physiol 262:H47-55PubMed

go back to reference Linz D, Linz B, Hohl M, Bohm M (2016) Atrial arrhythmogenesis in obstructive sleep apnea: Therapeutic implications. Sleep Med Rev 26:87–94CrossRefPubMed Linz D, Linz B, Hohl M, Bohm M (2016) Atrial arrhythmogenesis in obstructive sleep apnea: Therapeutic implications. Sleep Med Rev 26:87–94CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Linz D, Denner A, Illing S, Hohl M, Ukena C, Mahfoud F, Ewen S, Reil JC, Wirth K, Bohm M (2016) Impact of obstructive and central apneas on ventricular repolarisation: lessons learned from studies in man and pigs. Clin Res Cardiol 105:639–647CrossRefPubMed Linz D, Denner A, Illing S, Hohl M, Ukena C, Mahfoud F, Ewen S, Reil JC, Wirth K, Bohm M (2016) Impact of obstructive and central apneas on ventricular repolarisation: lessons learned from studies in man and pigs. Clin Res Cardiol 105:639–647CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Bitter T, Nolker G, Vogt J, Prinz C, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O (2012) Predictors of recurrence in patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: the independent role of sleep-disordered breathing. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 23:18–25CrossRefPubMed Bitter T, Nolker G, Vogt J, Prinz C, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O (2012) Predictors of recurrence in patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: the independent role of sleep-disordered breathing. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 23:18–25CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Jongnarangsin K, Chugh A, Good E, Mukerji S, Dey S, Crawford T, Sarrazin JF, Kuhne M, Chalfoun N, Wells D, Boonyapisit W, Pelosi F Jr, Bogun F, Morady F, Oral H (2008) Body mass index, obstructive sleep apnea, and outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 19:668–672CrossRefPubMed Jongnarangsin K, Chugh A, Good E, Mukerji S, Dey S, Crawford T, Sarrazin JF, Kuhne M, Chalfoun N, Wells D, Boonyapisit W, Pelosi F Jr, Bogun F, Morady F, Oral H (2008) Body mass index, obstructive sleep apnea, and outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 19:668–672CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Kanagala R, Murali NS, Friedman PA, Ammash NM, Gersh BJ, Ballman KV, Shamsuzzaman AS, Somers VK (2003) Obstructive sleep apnea and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 107:2589–2594PubMed Kanagala R, Murali NS, Friedman PA, Ammash NM, Gersh BJ, Ballman KV, Shamsuzzaman AS, Somers VK (2003) Obstructive sleep apnea and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 107:2589–2594PubMed

go back to reference Matiello M, Nadal M, Tamborero D, Berruezo A, Montserrat J, Embid C, Rios J, Villacastin J, Brugada J, Mont L (2010) Low efficacy of atrial fibrillation ablation in severe obstructive sleep apnoea patients. Europace 12:1084–1089CrossRefPubMed Matiello M, Nadal M, Tamborero D, Berruezo A, Montserrat J, Embid C, Rios J, Villacastin J, Brugada J, Mont L (2010) Low efficacy of atrial fibrillation ablation in severe obstructive sleep apnoea patients. Europace 12:1084–1089CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Naruse Y, Tada H, Satoh M, Yanagihara M, Tsuneoka H, Hirata Y, Ito Y, Kuroki K, Machino T, Yamasaki H, Igarashi M, Sekiguchi Y, Sato A, Aonuma K (2013) Concomitant obstructive sleep apnea increases the recurrence of atrial fibrillation following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: clinical impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Heart Rhythm 10:331–337CrossRefPubMed Naruse Y, Tada H, Satoh M, Yanagihara M, Tsuneoka H, Hirata Y, Ito Y, Kuroki K, Machino T, Yamasaki H, Igarashi M, Sekiguchi Y, Sato A, Aonuma K (2013) Concomitant obstructive sleep apnea increases the recurrence of atrial fibrillation following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: clinical impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Heart Rhythm 10:331–337CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Patel D, Mohanty P, Di Biase L, Shaheen M, Lewis WR, Quan K, Cummings JE, Wang P, Al-Ahmad A, Venkatraman P, Nashawati E, Lakkireddy D, Schweikert R, Horton R, Sanchez J, Gallinghouse J, Hao S, Beheiry S, Cardinal DS, Zagrodzky J, Canby R, Bailey S, Burkhardt JD, Natale A (2010) Safety and efficacy of pulmonary vein antral isolation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: the impact of continuous positive airway pressure. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 3:445–451CrossRefPubMed Patel D, Mohanty P, Di Biase L, Shaheen M, Lewis WR, Quan K, Cummings JE, Wang P, Al-Ahmad A, Venkatraman P, Nashawati E, Lakkireddy D, Schweikert R, Horton R, Sanchez J, Gallinghouse J, Hao S, Beheiry S, Cardinal DS, Zagrodzky J, Canby R, Bailey S, Burkhardt JD, Natale A (2010) Safety and efficacy of pulmonary vein antral isolation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: the impact of continuous positive airway pressure. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 3:445–451CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, Castella M, Diener HC, Heidbuchel H, Hendriks J, Hindricks G, Manolis AS, Oldgren J, Popescu BA, Schotten U, Van Putte B, Vardas P, Agewall S, Camm J, Baron Esquivias G, Budts W, Carerj S, Casselman F, Coca A, De Caterina R, Deftereos S, Dobrev D, Ferro JM, Filippatos G, Fitzsimons D, Gorenek B, Guenoun M, Hohnloser SH, Kolh P, Lip GY, Manolis A, McMurray J, Ponikowski P, Rosenhek R, Ruschitzka F, Savelieva I, Sharma S, Suwalski P, Tamargo JL, Taylor CJ, Van Gelder IC, Voors AA, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Zeppenfeld K (2016) 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 37:2893–2962CrossRefPubMed Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, Castella M, Diener HC, Heidbuchel H, Hendriks J, Hindricks G, Manolis AS, Oldgren J, Popescu BA, Schotten U, Van Putte B, Vardas P, Agewall S, Camm J, Baron Esquivias G, Budts W, Carerj S, Casselman F, Coca A, De Caterina R, Deftereos S, Dobrev D, Ferro JM, Filippatos G, Fitzsimons D, Gorenek B, Guenoun M, Hohnloser SH, Kolh P, Lip GY, Manolis A, McMurray J, Ponikowski P, Rosenhek R, Ruschitzka F, Savelieva I, Sharma S, Suwalski P, Tamargo JL, Taylor CJ, Van Gelder IC, Voors AA, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Zeppenfeld K (2016) 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 37:2893–2962CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Calkins H, Kuck KH, Cappato R, Brugada J, Camm AJ, Chen SA, Crijns HJ, Damiano RJ Jr, Davies DW, DiMarco J, Edgerton J, Ellenbogen K, Ezekowitz MD, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Hindricks G, Iesaka Y, Jackman W, Jalife J, Jais P, Kalman J, Keane D, Kim YH, Kirchhof P, Klein G, Kottkamp H, Kumagai K, Lindsay BD, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, McCarthy PM, Mont JL, Morady F, Nademanee K, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Packer DL, Pappone C, Prystowsky E, Raviele A, Reddy V, Ruskin JN, Shemin RJ, Tsao HM, Wilber D, Heart Rhythm Society Task Force on C, Surgical Ablation of Atrial F (2012) 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design: a report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Developed in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); and in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the American Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm 9:632–696 e621CrossRefPubMed Calkins H, Kuck KH, Cappato R, Brugada J, Camm AJ, Chen SA, Crijns HJ, Damiano RJ Jr, Davies DW, DiMarco J, Edgerton J, Ellenbogen K, Ezekowitz MD, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Hindricks G, Iesaka Y, Jackman W, Jalife J, Jais P, Kalman J, Keane D, Kim YH, Kirchhof P, Klein G, Kottkamp H, Kumagai K, Lindsay BD, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, McCarthy PM, Mont JL, Morady F, Nademanee K, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Packer DL, Pappone C, Prystowsky E, Raviele A, Reddy V, Ruskin JN, Shemin RJ, Tsao HM, Wilber D, Heart Rhythm Society Task Force on C, Surgical Ablation of Atrial F (2012) 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design: a report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Developed in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); and in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the American Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm 9:632–696 e621CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Levy P, Pepin JL, Arnaud C, Tamisier R, Borel JC, Dematteis M, Godin-Ribuot D, Ribuot C (2008) Intermittent hypoxia and sleep-disordered breathing: current concepts and perspectives. Eur Respir J 32:1082–1095CrossRefPubMed Levy P, Pepin JL, Arnaud C, Tamisier R, Borel JC, Dematteis M, Godin-Ribuot D, Ribuot C (2008) Intermittent hypoxia and sleep-disordered breathing: current concepts and perspectives. Eur Respir J 32:1082–1095CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Lavergne F, Morin L, Armitstead J, Benjafield A, Richards G, Woehrle H (2015) Atrial fibrillation and sleep-disordered breathing. J Thorac Dis 7:E575-584 Lavergne F, Morin L, Armitstead J, Benjafield A, Richards G, Woehrle H (2015) Atrial fibrillation and sleep-disordered breathing. J Thorac Dis 7:E575-584

go back to reference Linz D, Woehrle H, Bitter T, Fox H, Cowie MR, Bohm M, Oldenburg O (2015) The importance of sleep-disordered breathing in cardiovascular disease. Clin Res Cardiol 104:705–718CrossRefPubMed Linz D, Woehrle H, Bitter T, Fox H, Cowie MR, Bohm M, Oldenburg O (2015) The importance of sleep-disordered breathing in cardiovascular disease. Clin Res Cardiol 104:705–718CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Tung P, Levitzky YS, Wang R, Weng J, Quan SF, Gottlieb DJ, Rueschman M, Punjabi NM, Mehra R, Bertisch S, Benjamin EJ, Redline S (2017) Obstructive and central sleep apnea and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in a community cohort of men and women. J Am Heart Assoc 6 Tung P, Levitzky YS, Wang R, Weng J, Quan SF, Gottlieb DJ, Rueschman M, Punjabi NM, Mehra R, Bertisch S, Benjamin EJ, Redline S (2017) Obstructive and central sleep apnea and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in a community cohort of men and women. J Am Heart Assoc 6

go back to reference Fox H, Bitter T, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O (2016) Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter into sinus rhythm reduces nocturnal central respiratory events and unmasks obstructive sleep apnoea. Clin Res Cardiol 105:451–459CrossRefPubMed Fox H, Bitter T, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O (2016) Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter into sinus rhythm reduces nocturnal central respiratory events and unmasks obstructive sleep apnoea. Clin Res Cardiol 105:451–459CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Lanfranchi PA, Braghiroli A, Bosimini E, Mazzuero G, Colombo R, Donner CF, Giannuzzi P (1999) Prognostic value of nocturnal Cheyne–Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure. Circulation 99:1435–1440CrossRefPubMed Lanfranchi PA, Braghiroli A, Bosimini E, Mazzuero G, Colombo R, Donner CF, Giannuzzi P (1999) Prognostic value of nocturnal Cheyne–Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure. Circulation 99:1435–1440CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Fein AS, Shvilkin A, Shah D, Haffajee CI, Das S, Kumar K, Kramer DB, Zimetbaum PJ, Buxton AE, Josephson ME, Anter E (2013) Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 62:300–305CrossRefPubMed Fein AS, Shvilkin A, Shah D, Haffajee CI, Das S, Kumar K, Kramer DB, Zimetbaum PJ, Buxton AE, Josephson ME, Anter E (2013) Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 62:300–305CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Epstein LJ, Kristo D, Strollo PJ Jr, Friedman N, Malhotra A, Patil SP, Ramar K, Rogers R, Schwab RJ, Weaver EM, Weinstein MD (2009) Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med 5:263–276PubMed Epstein LJ, Kristo D, Strollo PJ Jr, Friedman N, Malhotra A, Patil SP, Ramar K, Rogers R, Schwab RJ, Weaver EM, Weinstein MD (2009) Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med 5:263–276PubMed

go back to reference Oldenburg O, Arzt M, Bitter T, Bonnemeier H, Edelmann F, Fietze I, Podszus T, Schafer T, Schobel C, Skobel E, Skowasch D, Penzel T, Nienaber C (2015) Positionspapier “Schlafmedizin in der Kardiologie”. Der Kardiologe 9:140–158CrossRef Oldenburg O, Arzt M, Bitter T, Bonnemeier H, Edelmann F, Fietze I, Podszus T, Schafer T, Schobel C, Skobel E, Skowasch D, Penzel T, Nienaber C (2015) Positionspapier “Schlafmedizin in der Kardiologie”. Der Kardiologe 9:140–158CrossRef

go back to reference Aurora RN, Bista SR, Casey KR, Chowdhuri S, Kristo DA, Mallea JM, Ramar K, Rowley JA, Zak RS, Heald JL (2016) Updated adaptive servo-ventilation recommendations for the 2012 AASM Guideline: the treatment of central sleep apnea syndromes in adults: practice parameters with an evidence-based literature review and meta-analyses. J Clin Sleep Med 12:757–761CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Aurora RN, Bista SR, Casey KR, Chowdhuri S, Kristo DA, Mallea JM, Ramar K, Rowley JA, Zak RS, Heald JL (2016) Updated adaptive servo-ventilation recommendations for the 2012 AASM Guideline: the treatment of central sleep apnea syndromes in adults: practice parameters with an evidence-based literature review and meta-analyses. J Clin Sleep Med 12:757–761CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Oldenburg O, Lamp B, Faber L, Teschler H, Horstkotte D, Topfer V (2007) Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with symptomatic heart failure: a contemporary study of prevalence in and characteristics of 700 patients. Eur J Heart Fail 9:251–257CrossRefPubMed Oldenburg O, Lamp B, Faber L, Teschler H, Horstkotte D, Topfer V (2007) Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with symptomatic heart failure: a contemporary study of prevalence in and characteristics of 700 patients. Eur J Heart Fail 9:251–257CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Arnardottir ES, Verbraecken J, Goncalves M, Gjerstad MD, Grote L, Puertas FJ, Mihaicuta S, McNicholas WT, Parrino L, The National Representatives as Study C (2016) Variability in recording and scoring of respiratory events during sleep in Europe: a need for uniform standards. J Sleep Res 25:144–157CrossRefPubMed Arnardottir ES, Verbraecken J, Goncalves M, Gjerstad MD, Grote L, Puertas FJ, Mihaicuta S, McNicholas WT, Parrino L, The National Representatives as Study C (2016) Variability in recording and scoring of respiratory events during sleep in Europe: a need for uniform standards. J Sleep Res 25:144–157CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Berry RB, Budhiraja R, Gottlieb DJ, Gozal D, Iber C, Kapur VK, Marcus CL, Mehra R, Parthasarathy S, Quan SF, Redline S, Strohl KP, Davidson Ward SL, Tangredi MM (2012) Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Deliberations of the Sleep Apnea Definitions Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med 8:597–619PubMedPubMedCentral Berry RB, Budhiraja R, Gottlieb DJ, Gozal D, Iber C, Kapur VK, Marcus CL, Mehra R, Parthasarathy S, Quan SF, Redline S, Strohl KP, Davidson Ward SL, Tangredi MM (2012) Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Deliberations of the Sleep Apnea Definitions Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med 8:597–619PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. The Report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force. (1999). Sleep 22:667–689 Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. The Report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force. (1999). Sleep 22:667–689

go back to reference Wedewardt J, Bitter T, Prinz C, Faber L, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O (2010) Cheyne–Stokes respiration in heart failure: cycle length is dependent on left ventricular ejection fraction. Sleep Med 11:137–142CrossRefPubMed Wedewardt J, Bitter T, Prinz C, Faber L, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O (2010) Cheyne–Stokes respiration in heart failure: cycle length is dependent on left ventricular ejection fraction. Sleep Med 11:137–142CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Bitter T, Langer C, Vogt J, Lange M, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O (2009) Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with atrial fibrillation and normal systolic left ventricular function. Dtsch Arztebl Int 106:164–170PubMedPubMedCentral Bitter T, Langer C, Vogt J, Lange M, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O (2009) Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with atrial fibrillation and normal systolic left ventricular function. Dtsch Arztebl Int 106:164–170PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Albuquerque FN, Calvin AD, Sert Kuniyoshi FH, Konecny T, Lopez-Jimenez F, Pressman GS, Kara T, Friedman P, Ammash N, Somers VK, Caples SM (2012) Sleep-disordered breathing and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with atrial fibrillation. Chest 141:967–973CrossRefPubMed Albuquerque FN, Calvin AD, Sert Kuniyoshi FH, Konecny T, Lopez-Jimenez F, Pressman GS, Kara T, Friedman P, Ammash N, Somers VK, Caples SM (2012) Sleep-disordered breathing and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with atrial fibrillation. Chest 141:967–973CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Porthan KM, Melin JH, Kupila JT, Venho KK, Partinen MM (2004) Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome in lone atrial fibrillation: a case-control study. Chest 125:879–885CrossRefPubMed Porthan KM, Melin JH, Kupila JT, Venho KK, Partinen MM (2004) Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome in lone atrial fibrillation: a case-control study. Chest 125:879–885CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Chao TF, Liu CJ, Chen SJ, Wang KL, Lin YJ, Chang SL, Lo LW, Hu YF, Tuan TC, Chen TJ, Chiou CW, Chen SA (2014) Incidence and risk of atrial fibrillation in sleep-disordered breathing without coexistent systemic disease. Circ J 78:2182–2187CrossRefPubMed Chao TF, Liu CJ, Chen SJ, Wang KL, Lin YJ, Chang SL, Lo LW, Hu YF, Tuan TC, Chen TJ, Chiou CW, Chen SA (2014) Incidence and risk of atrial fibrillation in sleep-disordered breathing without coexistent systemic disease. Circ J 78:2182–2187CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Oldenburg O, Wellmann B, Buchholz A, Bitter T, Fox H, Thiem U, Horstkotte D, Wegscheider K (2016) Nocturnal hypoxaemia is associated with increased mortality in stable heart failure patients. Eur Heart J 37:1695–1703CrossRefPubMed Oldenburg O, Wellmann B, Buchholz A, Bitter T, Fox H, Thiem U, Horstkotte D, Wegscheider K (2016) Nocturnal hypoxaemia is associated with increased mortality in stable heart failure patients. Eur Heart J 37:1695–1703CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference May AM, Blackwell T, Stone PH, Stone KL, Cawthon PM, Sauer WH, Varosy PD, Redline S, Mehra R (2016) Central sleep-disordered breathing predicts incident atrial fibrillation in older men. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 193:783–791CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral May AM, Blackwell T, Stone PH, Stone KL, Cawthon PM, Sauer WH, Varosy PD, Redline S, Mehra R (2016) Central sleep-disordered breathing predicts incident atrial fibrillation in older men. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 193:783–791CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Sin DD, Fitzgerald F, Parker JD, Newton G, Floras JS, Bradley TD (1999) Risk factors for central and obstructive sleep apnea in 450 men and women with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:1101–1106CrossRefPubMed Sin DD, Fitzgerald F, Parker JD, Newton G, Floras JS, Bradley TD (1999) Risk factors for central and obstructive sleep apnea in 450 men and women with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:1101–1106CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Javaheri S, Shukla R, Zeigler H, Wexler L (2007) Central sleep apnea, right ventricular dysfunction, and low diastolic blood pressure are predictors of mortality in systolic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:2028–2034CrossRefPubMed Javaheri S, Shukla R, Zeigler H, Wexler L (2007) Central sleep apnea, right ventricular dysfunction, and low diastolic blood pressure are predictors of mortality in systolic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:2028–2034CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Digby GC, Baranchuk A (2012) Sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation; 2012 update. Curr Cardiol Rev 8:265–272CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Digby GC, Baranchuk A (2012) Sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation; 2012 update. Curr Cardiol Rev 8:265–272CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Flemons WW, Remmers JE, Gillis AM (1993) Sleep apnea and cardiac arrhythmias. Is there a relationship? Am Rev Respir Dis 148:618–621CrossRefPubMed Flemons WW, Remmers JE, Gillis AM (1993) Sleep apnea and cardiac arrhythmias. Is there a relationship? Am Rev Respir Dis 148:618–621CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Guilleminault C, Connolly SJ, Winkle RA (1983) Cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disturbances during sleep in 400 patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Cardiol 52:490–494CrossRefPubMed Guilleminault C, Connolly SJ, Winkle RA (1983) Cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disturbances during sleep in 400 patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Cardiol 52:490–494CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Hoffstein V, Mateika S (1994) Cardiac arrhythmias, snoring, and sleep apnea. Chest 106:466–471CrossRefPubMed Hoffstein V, Mateika S (1994) Cardiac arrhythmias, snoring, and sleep apnea. Chest 106:466–471CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Mehra R, Benjamin EJ, Shahar E, Gottlieb DJ, Nawabit R, Kirchner HL, Sahadevan J, Redline S, Sleep Heart Health S (2006) Association of nocturnal arrhythmias with sleep-disordered breathing: the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:910–916CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mehra R, Benjamin EJ, Shahar E, Gottlieb DJ, Nawabit R, Kirchner HL, Sahadevan J, Redline S, Sleep Heart Health S (2006) Association of nocturnal arrhythmias with sleep-disordered breathing: the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:910–916CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Mooe T, Gullsby S, Rabben T, Eriksson P (1996) Sleep-disordered breathing: a novel predictor of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Coron Artery Dis 7:475–478CrossRefPubMed Mooe T, Gullsby S, Rabben T, Eriksson P (1996) Sleep-disordered breathing: a novel predictor of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Coron Artery Dis 7:475–478CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Tanigawa T, Yamagishi K, Sakurai S, Muraki I, Noda H, Shimamoto T, Iso H (2006) Arterial oxygen desaturation during sleep and atrial fibrillation. Heart 92:1854–1855CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tanigawa T, Yamagishi K, Sakurai S, Muraki I, Noda H, Shimamoto T, Iso H (2006) Arterial oxygen desaturation during sleep and atrial fibrillation. Heart 92:1854–1855CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Vizzardi E, Sciatti E, Bonadei I, D’Aloia A, Curnis A, Metra M (2014) Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea and arrhythmias: new updates. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) Vizzardi E, Sciatti E, Bonadei I, D’Aloia A, Curnis A, Metra M (2014) Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea and arrhythmias: new updates. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)

go back to reference Chilukuri K, Dalal D, Marine JE, Scherr D, Henrikson CA, Cheng A, Nazarian S, Spragg D, Berger R, Calkins H (2009) Predictive value of obstructive sleep apnoea assessed by the Berlin Questionnaire for outcomes after the catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 11:896–901CrossRefPubMed Chilukuri K, Dalal D, Marine JE, Scherr D, Henrikson CA, Cheng A, Nazarian S, Spragg D, Berger R, Calkins H (2009) Predictive value of obstructive sleep apnoea assessed by the Berlin Questionnaire for outcomes after the catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 11:896–901CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Gami AS, Pressman G, Caples SM, Kanagala R, Gard JJ, Davison DE, Malouf JF, Ammash NM, Friedman PA, Somers VK (2004) Association of atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 110:364–367CrossRefPubMed Gami AS, Pressman G, Caples SM, Kanagala R, Gard JJ, Davison DE, Malouf JF, Ammash NM, Friedman PA, Somers VK (2004) Association of atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 110:364–367CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Chilukuri K, Dalal D, Gadrey S, Marine JE, Macpherson E, Henrikson CA, Cheng A, Nazarian S, Sinha S, Spragg D, Berger R, Calkins H (2010) A prospective study evaluating the role of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea for outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 21:521–525CrossRefPubMed Chilukuri K, Dalal D, Gadrey S, Marine JE, Macpherson E, Henrikson CA, Cheng A, Nazarian S, Sinha S, Spragg D, Berger R, Calkins H (2010) A prospective study evaluating the role of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea for outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 21:521–525CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Randerath WJ, Hein H, Arzt M, Galetke W, Nilius G, Penzel T, Rasche K, Ruhle KH, Mayer G (2014) Consensus paper on the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disordered breathing. Pneumologie 68:106–123CrossRefPubMed Randerath WJ, Hein H, Arzt M, Galetke W, Nilius G, Penzel T, Rasche K, Ruhle KH, Mayer G (2014) Consensus paper on the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disordered breathing. Pneumologie 68:106–123CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Teschler H, Dohring J, Wang YM, Berthon-Jones M (2001) Adaptive pressure support servo-ventilation: a novel treatment for Cheyne–Stokes respiration in heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:614–619CrossRefPubMed Teschler H, Dohring J, Wang YM, Berthon-Jones M (2001) Adaptive pressure support servo-ventilation: a novel treatment for Cheyne–Stokes respiration in heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:614–619CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference O’Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Fiuzat M, Punjabi NM, Tasissa G, Anstrom KJ, Benjafield AV, Woehrle H, Blase AB, Lindenfeld J, Oldenburg O (2017) Cardiovascular outcomes with minute ventilation-targeted adaptive servo-ventilation therapy in heart failure: the CAT-HF trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 69:1577–1587CrossRefPubMed O’Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Fiuzat M, Punjabi NM, Tasissa G, Anstrom KJ, Benjafield AV, Woehrle H, Blase AB, Lindenfeld J, Oldenburg O (2017) Cardiovascular outcomes with minute ventilation-targeted adaptive servo-ventilation therapy in heart failure: the CAT-HF trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 69:1577–1587CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Piccini JP et al (2016) Adaptive servo-ventlation reduces atrial fibrillation burden in patients with heart failure and sleep apnea: results from the CAT-HF arrhythmia substudy. Late-Breaking Clinical Trial Update. Presented at: Heart Failure Society of America Scientific Assembly; Sept. 17–20, 2016; Orlando, FL, USA Piccini JP et al (2016) Adaptive servo-ventlation reduces atrial fibrillation burden in patients with heart failure and sleep apnea: results from the CAT-HF arrhythmia substudy. Late-Breaking Clinical Trial Update. Presented at: Heart Failure Society of America Scientific Assembly; Sept. 17–20, 2016; Orlando, FL, USA