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01-06-2021 | Juvenile Dermatomyositis | Review

Understanding and managing anti-MDA 5 dermatomyositis, including potential COVID-19 mimicry

Authors: Pankti Mehta, Pedro M. Machado, Latika Gupta

Published in: Rheumatology International | Issue 6/2021

Abstract

Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-Associated gene 5 (MDA-5) Dermatomyositis (MDA5, DM) is a recently identified subtype of myositis characteristically associated with Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease (RP-ILD) and unique cutaneous features. We reviewed PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases and selected 87 relevant articles after screening 1485 search results, aiming to gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment approaches of anti-MDA-5 DM described in the literature. The etiopathogenesis is speculatively linked to an unidentified viral trigger on the background of genetic predisposition culminating in an acquired type I interferonopathy. The clinical phenotype is highly varied in different ethnicities, with new clinical features having been recently described, expanding the spectrum of cases that should raise the suspicion of anti-MDA-5 DM. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is frequently missed despite excessive mortality, calling for wider awareness of suspect symptoms. RP ILD is the major determinant of survival, treatment being largely based on observational studies with recent insights into aggressive combined immunosuppression at the outset.

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Title: Understanding and managing anti-MDA 5 dermatomyositis, including potential COVID-19 mimicry
Authors: Pankti Mehta
Pedro M. Machado
Latika Gupta
Publication date: 01-06-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis
Published in: Rheumatology International / Issue 6/2021
Print ISSN: 0172-8172
Electronic ISSN: 1437-160X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04819-1

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