Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Seminars in Immunopathology
Published in: Seminars in Immunopathology 4/2012

01-07-2012 | Review

Epidemiology and clinical presentations of celiac disease

Authors: Norelle Rizkalla Reilly, Peter H. R. Green

Published in: Seminars in Immunopathology | Issue 4/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Evidence of the prevalence of celiac disease comes from serological screening studies. These have revealed that celiac disease is common, occurring in about 1 % of the population worldwide. There are some countries with higher prevalence rates such as Finland and others with lower rates, for example Germany. The disease is found in most continents and appears to be increasing. Most people with the disease are not currently diagnosed though women are diagnosed more frequently than men. The mode of presentation has changed both in children and adults with diarrhea and a malabsorption syndrome becoming less common. Abdominal pain and growth issues are major modes of presentation in children, while anemia, osteoporosis, and recognition at endoscopy performed for GERD are seen as modes of presentation in adults. Screening of at risk groups is a major mode of presentation for both adults and children.
Literature
1.
West J et al (2003) Seroprevalence, correlates, and characteristics of undetected coeliac disease in England. Gut 52(7):960–965PubMedCrossRef
2.
Maki M et al (2003) Prevalence of celiac disease among children in Finland. N Engl J Med 348(25):2517–2524PubMedCrossRef
3.
Tatar G et al (2004) Screening of tissue transglutaminase antibody in healthy blood donors for celiac disease screening in the Turkish population. Dig Dis Sci 49(9):1479–1484PubMedCrossRef
4.
Fasano A et al (2003) Prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States: a large multicenter study. Arch Intern Med 163(3):286–292PubMedCrossRef
5.
Bingley PJ et al (2004) Undiagnosed coeliac disease at age seven: population based prospective birth cohort study. BMJ 328(7435):322–323PubMedCrossRef
6.
Katz KD et al (2011) Screening for celiac disease in a North American population: sequential serology and gastrointestinal symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 106(7):1333–1339PubMedCrossRef
7.
Hovell CJ et al (2001) High prevalence of coeliac disease in a population-based study from Western Australia: a case for screening? Med J Aust 175(5):247–250PubMed
8.
Cook HB et al (2000) Adult coeliac disease: prevalence and clinical significance. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(9):1032–1036PubMedCrossRef
9.
Brandt KG, Silva GA (2008) Seroprevalence of celiac disease at a general pediatric outpatient clinic. Arq Gastroenterol 45(3):239–242PubMedCrossRef
10.
Oliveira RP et al (2007) High prevalence of celiac disease in Brazilian blood donor volunteers based on screening by IgA antitissue transglutaminase antibody. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 19(1):43–49PubMedCrossRef
11.
Gomez JC et al (2001) Prevalence of celiac disease in Argentina: screening of an adult population in the La Plata area. Am J Gastroenterol 96(9):2700–2704PubMedCrossRef
12.
Araya M et al (2000) Celiac disease in a Chilean population carrying Amerindian traits. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 31(4):381–386PubMedCrossRef
13.
Freeman HJ (2003) Biopsy-defined adult celiac disease in Asian-Canadians. Can J Gastroenterol 17(7):433–436PubMed
14.
15.
16.
Hung JC, Phillips AD, Walker-Smith JA (1995) Coeliac disease in children of West Indian origin. Arch Dis Child 73(2):166–167PubMedCrossRef
17.
Shahbazkhani B et al (2003) High prevalence of coeliac disease in apparently healthy Iranian blood donors. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(5):475–478PubMed
18.
Abu-Zekry M et al (2008) Prevalence of celiac disease in Egyptian children disputes the east–west agriculture-dependent spread of the disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 47(2):136–140PubMedCrossRef
19.
Catassi C et al (1999) Why is coeliac disease endemic in the people of the Sahara? Lancet 354(9179):647–648PubMedCrossRef
20.
Dinler G, Atalay E, Kalayci AG (2009) Celiac disease in 87 children with typical and atypical symptoms in Black Sea region of Turkey. World J Pediatr 5(4):282–286PubMedCrossRef
21.
Barada K et al (2010) Celiac disease in Middle Eastern and North African countries: a new burden? World J Gastroenterol 16(12):1449–1457PubMedCrossRef
22.
Sood A et al (2003) Adult celiac disease in northern India. Indian J Gastroenterol 22(4):124–126PubMed
23.
Bansal D et al (2011) Serodiagnosis of celiac disease in children referred for evaluation of anemia: a pediatric hematology unit’s experience. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 54(4):756–760PubMed
24.
Gupta V, Kohli A (2010) Celiac disease associated with recurrent Guillain Barre syndrome. Indian Pediatr 47(9):797–798PubMedCrossRef
25.
Walker MM et al (2010) Detection of celiac disease and lymphocytic enteropathy by parallel serology and histopathology in a population-based study. Gastroenterology 139(1):112–119PubMedCrossRef
26.
Remes-Troche JM et al (2008) High prevalence of celiac disease in Mexican Mestizo adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Gastroenterol 42(5):460–465PubMedCrossRef
27.
Lohi S et al (2007) Increasing prevalence of coeliac disease over time. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 26(9):1217–1225PubMedCrossRef
28.
Mustalahti K et al (2010) The prevalence of celiac disease in Europe: results of a centralized, international mass screening project. Ann Med 42(8):587–595PubMedCrossRef
29.
Bai D et al (2005) Effect of gender on the manifestations of celiac disease: evidence for greater malabsorption in men. Scand J Gastroenterol 40(2):183–187PubMedCrossRef
30.
Green PHR et al (2001) Characteristics of adult celiac disease in the USA: results of a national survey. Am J Gastroenterol 96(1):126–131PubMedCrossRef
31.
Vilppula A et al (2009) Increasing prevalence and high incidence of celiac disease in elderly people: a population-based study. BMC Gastroenterol 9(1):49PubMedCrossRef
32.
Vilppula A et al (2008) Undetected coeliac disease in the elderly: a biopsy-proven population-based study. Dig Liver Dis 40(10):809–813PubMedCrossRef
33.
Rubio-Tapia A et al (2009) Increased prevalence and mortality in undiagnosed celiac disease. Gastroenterology 137(1):88–93PubMedCrossRef
34.
Murray JA et al (2003) Trends in the identification and clinical features of celiac disease in a North American community, 1950–2001. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 1(1):19–27PubMedCrossRef
35.
Collin P et al (2007) Diagnosis of celiac disease in clinical practice: physician’s alertness to the condition essential. J Clin Gastroenterol 41(2):152–156PubMedCrossRef
36.
Green PH et al (2008) Economic benefits of increased diagnosis of celiac disease in a national managed care population in the United States. J Insur Med 40(3–4):218–228PubMed
37.
Telega G, Bennet TR, Werlin S (2008) Emerging new clinical patterns in the presentation of celiac disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162(2):164–168PubMedCrossRef
38.
39.
Dickie WK (1950) Coeliac disease. Investigation of the harmful effects of certain types of cereal on patients with coeliac disease, in Medicine. University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Thesis
40.
Wilson R (1951) The coeliac syndrome with adolescent rickets. Ir J Med Sci 6(301):39–42CrossRef
41.
42.
Sleisenger MH et al (1957) Treatment of non-tropical sprue: a wheat-, rye-, and oat-free diet. J Am Diet Assoc 33(11):1137–1140PubMed
43.
Benson GD, Kowlessar OD, Sleisenger MH (1964) Adult celiac disease with emphasis upon response to the gluten-free diet. Medicine (Baltimore) 43:1–40
44.
Rampertab SD et al (2006) Trends in the presentation of celiac disease. Am J Med 119(4):355 e9–355 e14CrossRef
45.
Vivas S et al (2008) Age-related clinical, serological, and histopathological features of celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol 103:2360–2365PubMedCrossRef
46.
47.
Ludvigsson JF et al (2004) Symptoms and signs have changed in Swedish children with coeliac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 38(2):181–186PubMedCrossRef
48.
Llorente-Alonso M, Fernandez-Acenero MJ, Sebastian M (2006) Gluten intolerance: gender and age-related features. Can J Gastroenterol 20(11):719–722PubMed
49.
Reilly NR et al (2011) Celiac disease in normal-weight and overweight children: clinical features and growth outcomes following a gluten-free diet. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 53(5):528–531PubMed
50.
Dehghani SM, Asadi-Pooya AA (2008) Celiac disease in children with short stature. Indian J Pediatr 75(2):131–133PubMedCrossRef
51.
Rizkalla Reilly N et al (2012) Celiac disease in children: an old disease with new features. Minerva Pediatr 64(1):71–81PubMed
52.
McGowan KE, Castiglione DA, Butzner JD (2009) The changing face of childhood celiac disease in North America: impact of serological testing. Pediatrics 124(6):1572–1578PubMedCrossRef
53.
54.
Garampazzi A et al (2007) Clinical pattern of celiac disease is still changing. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 45(5):611–614PubMedCrossRef
55.
Sun S et al (2009) The effect of biopsy-positive silent coeliac disease and treatment with a gluten-free diet on growth and glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 26(12):1250–1254PubMedCrossRef
56.
Savilahti E, Pelkonen P, Visakorpi JK (1971) IgA deficiency in children. A clinical study with special reference to intestinal findings. Arch Dis Child 46(249):665–670PubMedCrossRef
57.
Harper JW et al (2007) Anemia in celiac disease is multifactorial in etiology. Am J Hematol 82:996–1000PubMedCrossRef
58.
Bergamaschi G et al (2008) Anemia of chronic disease and defective erythropoietin production in patients with celiac disease. Haematologica 93:1785–1791PubMedCrossRef
59.
Rodrigo-Saez L et al (2011) Differences between pediatric and adult celiac disease. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 103(5):238–244PubMed
60.
Valdimarsson T et al (1994) Bone mineral density in coeliac disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 29(5):457–461PubMedCrossRef
61.
Meyer D et al (2001) Osteoporosis in a North American adult population with celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol 96(1):112–119PubMed
62.
Vasquez H et al (2000) Risk of fractures in celiac disease patients: a cross-sectional, case–control study. Am J Gastroenterol 95(1):183–189PubMedCrossRef
63.
West J et al (2003) Fracture risk in people with celiac disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology 125(2):429–436PubMedCrossRef
64.
Ludvigsson JF et al (2007) Coeliac disease and the risk of fractures—a general population-based cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 25(3):273–285PubMedCrossRef
65.
Stenson WF et al (2005) Increased prevalence of celiac disease and need for routine screening among patients with osteoporosis. Arch Intern Med 165(4):393–399PubMedCrossRef
66.
Legroux-Gerot I et al (2009) Screening for celiac disease in patients with osteoporosis. Joint Bone Spine 76:162–165PubMedCrossRef
67.
Kavuncu V et al (2009) Is there any requirement for celiac disease screening routinely in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis? Rheumatol Int 29(7):841–845PubMedCrossRef
68.
Green PH et al (2000) Significance of unsuspected celiac disease detected at endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 51(1):60–65PubMedCrossRef
69.
Nachman F et al (2011) Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in patients with celiac disease and the effects of a gluten-free diet. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 9(3):214–219PubMedCrossRef
70.
Green PH, Murray JA (2003) Routine duodenal biopsies to exclude celiac disease? Gastrointest Endosc 58(1):92–95PubMed
71.
Chin RL et al (2004) Neurologic complications of celiac disease. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 5(3):129–137PubMedCrossRef
72.
73.
Catassi C et al (2007) Detection of celiac disease in primary care: a multicenter case-finding study in North America. Am J Gastroenterol 102(7):1454–1460PubMedCrossRef
74.
Sanders DS et al (2005) Association of adult celiac disease with surgical abdominal pain: a case–control study in patients referred to secondary care. Ann Surg 242(2):201–207PubMedCrossRef
75.
Gonda TA et al (2010) Association of intussusception and celiac disease in adults. Dig Dis Sci 55(10):2899–2903PubMedCrossRef
76.
Sanders DS et al (2004) Symptomatic small bowel intussusception: a surgical opportunity to diagnose adult celiac disease? Gastrointest Endosc 59(1):161–162PubMedCrossRef
77.
Aggarwal S, Lebwohl B, Green PH (2012) Screening for celiac disease in average-risk and high-risk populations. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 5(1):37–47CrossRef
78.
Murray JA (2005) Celiac disease in patients with an affected member, type 1 diabetes, iron-deficiency, or osteoporosis? Gastroenterology 128(4 Pt 2):S52–S56PubMedCrossRef
79.
Book L, Zone JJ, Neuhausen SL (2003) Prevalence of celiac disease among relatives of sib pairs with celiac disease in U.S. families. Am J Gastroenterol 98(2):377–381PubMedCrossRef
80.
Dickey W, McMillan SA (1998) Co-screening for primary biliary cirrhosis and coeliac disease. Association between primary biliary cirrhosis and coeliac disease. Gut 43(2):300PubMedCrossRef
81.
Volta U et al (2002) Celiac disease in autoimmune cholestatic liver disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 97(10):2609–2613PubMedCrossRef
82.
Brar P et al (2007) Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease. Dig Liver Dis 39(1):26–29PubMedCrossRef
83.
Murray JA et al (2008) Mucosal atrophy in celiac disease: extent of involvement, correlation with clinical presentation, and response to treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6(2):186–193, quiz 125PubMedCrossRef
84.
Coleman NS et al (2006) Abnormalities of serotonin metabolism and their relation to symptoms in untreated celiac disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4(7):874–881PubMedCrossRef
85.
Carlsson AK et al (1999) Prevalence of IgA-antiendomysium and IgA-antigliadin autoantibodies at diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Swedish children and adolescents. Pediatrics 103(6 Pt 1):1248–1252PubMedCrossRef
86.
Walsh CH et al (1978) Diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease: a clinical study. Q J Med 47(185):89–100PubMed
87.
Bouguerra R et al (2005) Celiac disease in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Tunisia. Diabetes Metab 31(1):83–86PubMedCrossRef
88.
Sategna-Guidetti C et al (2001) Prevalence of thyroid disorders in untreated adult celiac disease patients and effect of gluten withdrawal: an Italian multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol 96(3):751–757PubMedCrossRef
89.
Sategna-Guidetti C et al (1998) Autoimmune thyroid diseases and coeliac disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 10(11):927–931PubMedCrossRef
90.
Sattar N et al (2011) Celiac disease in children, adolescents, and young adults with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Pediatr 158(2):272–5 e1PubMedCrossRef
91.
Caprai S et al (2008) Autoimmune liver disease associated with celiac disease in childhood: a multicenter study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6(7):803–806PubMedCrossRef
92.
Diamanti A et al (2008) Prevalence of celiac disease in children with autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Liver Dis 40:965PubMedCrossRef
93.
George EK et al (1996) Juvenile chronic arthritis and coeliac disease in The Netherlands. Clin Exp Rheumatol 14(5):571–575PubMed
94.
Bonamico M et al (2002) Prevalence and clinical picture of celiac disease in Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(12):5495–5498PubMedCrossRef
95.
Bonamico M et al (2001) Prevalence and clinical picture of celiac disease in Italian Down syndrome patients: a multicenter study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 33(2):139–143PubMedCrossRef
96.
Ventura A, Magazzu G, Greco L (1999) Duration of exposure to gluten and risk for autoimmune disorders in patients with celiac disease. SIGEP Study Group for Autoimmune Disorders in Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 117(2):297–303PubMedCrossRef
97.
Sategna Guidetti C et al (2001) Duration of gluten exposure in adult coeliac disease does not correlate with the risk for autoimmune disorders. Gut 49(4):502–505PubMedCrossRef
98.
Viljamaa M et al (2005) Coeliac disease, autoimmune diseases and gluten exposure. Scand J Gastroenterol 40(4):437–443PubMedCrossRef
99.
Cosnes J et al (2008) Incidence of autoimmune diseases in celiac disease: protective effect of the gluten-free diet. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:753–758PubMedCrossRef
100.
Metso S et al (2012) Gluten-free diet and autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with celiac disease. A prospective controlled study. Scand J Gastroenterol 47(1):43–48PubMedCrossRef
101.
Molteni N, Bardella MT, Bianchi PA (1990) Obstetric and gynecological problems in women with untreated celiac sprue. J Clin Gastroenterol 12(1):37–39PubMedCrossRef
102.
Sher KS, Mayberry JF (1994) Female fertility, obstetric and gynaecological history in coeliac disease. A case control study. Digestion 55(4):243–246PubMedCrossRef
103.
Stazi AV, Mantovani A (2000) A risk factor for female fertility and pregnancy: celiac disease. Gynecol Endocrinol 14(6):454–463PubMedCrossRef
104.
Baker PG, Read AE (1975) Reversible infertility in male coeliac patients. Br Med J 02(5966):316–317CrossRef
105.
Choi JM et al (2011) Increased prevalence of celiac disease in patients with unexplained infertility in the United States. J Reprod Med 56(5–6):199–203PubMed
106.
Zugna D et al (2010) A nationwide population-based study to determine whether coeliac disease is associated with infertility. Gut 59(11):1471–1475PubMedCrossRef
107.
Metadata
Title
Epidemiology and clinical presentations of celiac disease
Authors
Norelle Rizkalla Reilly
Peter H. R. Green
Publication date
01-07-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Seminars in Immunopathology / Issue 4/2012
Print ISSN: 1863-2297
Electronic ISSN: 1863-2300
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-012-0311-2

Other articles of this Issue 4/2012

Seminars in Immunopathology 4/2012 Go to the issue

Review

Celiac disease: quantity matters

Review

Role of transglutaminase 2 in celiac disease pathogenesis

Review Article

The immunopathogenesis of celiac disease reveals possible therapies beyond the gluten-free diet

Review

Celiac disease in children and adolescents: special considerations

Research Article

Animal models to study gluten sensitivity

Review

From genome-wide association studies to disease mechanisms: celiac disease as a model for autoimmune diseases
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits