Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 13/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Positron Emission Tomography | Review Article

Long axial field of view PET scanners: a road map to implementation and new possibilities

Authors: Riemer H. J. A. Slart, Charalampos Tsoumpas, Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans, Walter Noordzij, Antoon T. M. Willemsen, Ronald J. H. Borra, Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx, Adriaan A. Lammertsma

Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Issue 13/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

In this contribution, several opportunities and challenges for long axial field of view (LAFOV) PET are described. It is an anthology in which the main issues have been highlighted. A consolidated overview of the camera system implementation, business and financial plan, opportunities and challenges is provided. What the nuclear medicine and molecular imaging community can expect from these new PET/CT scanners is the delivery of more comprehensive information to the clinicians for advancing diagnosis, therapy evaluation and clinical research.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Phelps ME, Hoffman EJ, Huang SC, Kuhl DE. ECAT: a new computerized tomographic imaging system for positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. J Nucl Med. 1978;19(6):635–47.PubMed Phelps ME, Hoffman EJ, Huang SC, Kuhl DE. ECAT: a new computerized tomographic imaging system for positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. J Nucl Med. 1978;19(6):635–47.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Jones T, Rabiner EA, Company PETRA. The development, past achievements, and future directions of brain PET. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012;32(7):1426–54.CrossRef Jones T, Rabiner EA, Company PETRA. The development, past achievements, and future directions of brain PET. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012;32(7):1426–54.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Tillisch J, Brunken R, Marshall R, Schwaiger M, Mandelkern M, Phelps M, et al. Reversibility of cardiac wall-motion abnormalities predicted by positron tomography. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(14):884–8.CrossRef Tillisch J, Brunken R, Marshall R, Schwaiger M, Mandelkern M, Phelps M, et al. Reversibility of cardiac wall-motion abnormalities predicted by positron tomography. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(14):884–8.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Wagner HN Jr. Clinical PET: its time has come. J Nucl Med. 1991;32(4):561–4.PubMed Wagner HN Jr. Clinical PET: its time has come. J Nucl Med. 1991;32(4):561–4.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Dahlbom M, Hoffman EJ, Hoh CK, Schiepers C, Rosenqvist G, Hawkins RA, et al. Whole-body positron emission tomography: part I. Methods and performance characteristics. J Nucl Med. 1992;33(6):1191–9.PubMed Dahlbom M, Hoffman EJ, Hoh CK, Schiepers C, Rosenqvist G, Hawkins RA, et al. Whole-body positron emission tomography: part I. Methods and performance characteristics. J Nucl Med. 1992;33(6):1191–9.PubMed
6.
go back to reference Pieterman RM, van Putten JW, Meuzelaar JJ, Mooyaart EL, Vaalburg W, Koeter GH, et al. Preoperative staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with positron-emission tomography. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(4):254–61.CrossRef Pieterman RM, van Putten JW, Meuzelaar JJ, Mooyaart EL, Vaalburg W, Koeter GH, et al. Preoperative staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with positron-emission tomography. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(4):254–61.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference van Tinteren H, Hoekstra OS, Smit EF, van den Bergh JH, Schreurs AJ, Stallaert RA, et al. Effectiveness of positron emission tomography in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspected non-small-cell lung cancer: the PLUS multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9315):1388–93.CrossRef van Tinteren H, Hoekstra OS, Smit EF, van den Bergh JH, Schreurs AJ, Stallaert RA, et al. Effectiveness of positron emission tomography in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspected non-small-cell lung cancer: the PLUS multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9315):1388–93.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference van Sluis J, Boellaard R, Dierckx R, Stormezand GN, Glaudemans A, Noordzij W. Image quality and activity optimization in oncologic (18)F-FDG PET using the digital biograph vision PET/CT system. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(5):764–71.CrossRef van Sluis J, Boellaard R, Dierckx R, Stormezand GN, Glaudemans A, Noordzij W. Image quality and activity optimization in oncologic (18)F-FDG PET using the digital biograph vision PET/CT system. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(5):764–71.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference van der Vos CS, Koopman D, Rijnsdorp S, Arends AJ, Boellaard R, van Dalen JA, et al. Quantification, improvement, and harmonization of small lesion detection with state-of-the-art PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44(Suppl 1):4–16.PubMedPubMedCentral van der Vos CS, Koopman D, Rijnsdorp S, Arends AJ, Boellaard R, van Dalen JA, et al. Quantification, improvement, and harmonization of small lesion detection with state-of-the-art PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44(Suppl 1):4–16.PubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Cheebsumon P, Velasquez LM, Hoekstra CJ, Hayes W, Kloet RW, Hoetjes NJ, et al. Measuring response to therapy using FDG PET: semi-quantitative and full kinetic analysis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38(5):832–42.CrossRef Cheebsumon P, Velasquez LM, Hoekstra CJ, Hayes W, Kloet RW, Hoetjes NJ, et al. Measuring response to therapy using FDG PET: semi-quantitative and full kinetic analysis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38(5):832–42.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Bahce I, Smit EF, Lubberink M, van der Veldt AA, Yaqub M, Windhorst AD, et al. Development of [(11)C]erlotinib positron emission tomography for in vivo evaluation of EGF receptor mutational status. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(1):183–93.CrossRef Bahce I, Smit EF, Lubberink M, van der Veldt AA, Yaqub M, Windhorst AD, et al. Development of [(11)C]erlotinib positron emission tomography for in vivo evaluation of EGF receptor mutational status. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(1):183–93.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Lammertsma AA. Forward to the past: the case for quantitative PET imaging. J Nucl Med. 2017;58(7):1019–24.CrossRef Lammertsma AA. Forward to the past: the case for quantitative PET imaging. J Nucl Med. 2017;58(7):1019–24.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Cherry SR, Jones T, Karp JS, Qi J, Moses WW, Badawi RD. Total-body PET: maximizing sensitivity to create new opportunities for clinical research and patient care. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(1):3–12.CrossRef Cherry SR, Jones T, Karp JS, Qi J, Moses WW, Badawi RD. Total-body PET: maximizing sensitivity to create new opportunities for clinical research and patient care. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(1):3–12.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Alberts I, Hunermund JN, Prenosil G, Mingels C, Bohn KP, Viscione M, et al. Clinical performance of long axial field of view PET/CT: a head-to-head intra-individual comparison of the Biograph Vision Quadra with the Biograph Vision PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021. Alberts I, Hunermund JN, Prenosil G, Mingels C, Bohn KP, Viscione M, et al. Clinical performance of long axial field of view PET/CT: a head-to-head intra-individual comparison of the Biograph Vision Quadra with the Biograph Vision PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021.
16.
go back to reference Badawi RD, Shi H, Hu P, Chen S, Xu T, Price PM, et al. First human imaging studies with the EXPLORER total-body PET scanner. J Nucl Med. 2019;60(3):299–303.CrossRef Badawi RD, Shi H, Hu P, Chen S, Xu T, Price PM, et al. First human imaging studies with the EXPLORER total-body PET scanner. J Nucl Med. 2019;60(3):299–303.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Beason-Held LL, Goh JO, An Y, Kraut MA, O’Brien RJ, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM. Changes in brain function occur years before the onset of cognitive impairment. J Neurosci. 2013;33(46):18008–14.CrossRef Beason-Held LL, Goh JO, An Y, Kraut MA, O’Brien RJ, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM. Changes in brain function occur years before the onset of cognitive impairment. J Neurosci. 2013;33(46):18008–14.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Matthews PM, Rabiner EA, Passchier J, Gunn RN. Positron emission tomography molecular imaging for drug development. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;73(2):175–86.CrossRef Matthews PM, Rabiner EA, Passchier J, Gunn RN. Positron emission tomography molecular imaging for drug development. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;73(2):175–86.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Borghammer P, Van Den Berge N. Brain-first versus gut-first Parkinson’s disease: a hypothesis. J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(s2):S281–95.CrossRef Borghammer P, Van Den Berge N. Brain-first versus gut-first Parkinson’s disease: a hypothesis. J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(s2):S281–95.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Willyard C. How gut microbes could drive brain disorders. Nature. 2021;590(7844):22–5.CrossRef Willyard C. How gut microbes could drive brain disorders. Nature. 2021;590(7844):22–5.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Zhu S, Jiang Y, Xu K, Cui M, Ye W, Zhao G, et al. The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders. J Neuroinflammation. 2020;17(1):25.CrossRef Zhu S, Jiang Y, Xu K, Cui M, Ye W, Zhao G, et al. The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders. J Neuroinflammation. 2020;17(1):25.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Fedorova TD, Seidelin LB, Knudsen K, Schacht AC, Geday J, Pavese N, et al. Decreased intestinal acetylcholinesterase in early Parkinson disease: An (11)C-donepezil PET study. Neurology. 2017;88(8):775–81.CrossRef Fedorova TD, Seidelin LB, Knudsen K, Schacht AC, Geday J, Pavese N, et al. Decreased intestinal acetylcholinesterase in early Parkinson disease: An (11)C-donepezil PET study. Neurology. 2017;88(8):775–81.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Knudsen K, Fedorova TD, Hansen AK, Sommerauer M, Otto M, Svendsen KB, et al. In-vivo staging of pathology in REM sleep behaviour disorder: a multimodality imaging case-control study. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(7):618–28.CrossRef Knudsen K, Fedorova TD, Hansen AK, Sommerauer M, Otto M, Svendsen KB, et al. In-vivo staging of pathology in REM sleep behaviour disorder: a multimodality imaging case-control study. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(7):618–28.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Gargiulo S, Anzilotti S, Coda AR, Gramanzini M, Greco A, Panico M, et al. Imaging of brain TSPO expression in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with (18)F-DPA-714 and micro-PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;43(7):1348–59.CrossRef Gargiulo S, Anzilotti S, Coda AR, Gramanzini M, Greco A, Panico M, et al. Imaging of brain TSPO expression in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with (18)F-DPA-714 and micro-PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;43(7):1348–59.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Segarra AB, Prieto I, Martinez-Canamero M, Ramirez-Sanchez M. Is there a link between depression, neurochemical asymmetry and cardiovascular function? AIMS Neurosci. 2020;7(4):360–72.CrossRef Segarra AB, Prieto I, Martinez-Canamero M, Ramirez-Sanchez M. Is there a link between depression, neurochemical asymmetry and cardiovascular function? AIMS Neurosci. 2020;7(4):360–72.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Rosen SD, Paulesu E, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS, Davies GJ, Jones T, et al. Central nervous pathways mediating angina pectoris. Lancet. 1994;344(8916):147–50.CrossRef Rosen SD, Paulesu E, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS, Davies GJ, Jones T, et al. Central nervous pathways mediating angina pectoris. Lancet. 1994;344(8916):147–50.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Bascunana P, Hess A, Borchert T, Wang Y, Wollert KC, Bengel FM, et al. (11)C-Methionine PET identifies astroglia involvement in heart-brain inflammation networking after acute myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(7):977–80.CrossRef Bascunana P, Hess A, Borchert T, Wang Y, Wollert KC, Bengel FM, et al. (11)C-Methionine PET identifies astroglia involvement in heart-brain inflammation networking after acute myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(7):977–80.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Tawakol A, Ishai A, Takx RA, Figueroa AL, Ali A, Kaiser Y, et al. Relation between resting amygdalar activity and cardiovascular events: a longitudinal and cohort study. Lancet. 2017;389(10071):834–45.CrossRef Tawakol A, Ishai A, Takx RA, Figueroa AL, Ali A, Kaiser Y, et al. Relation between resting amygdalar activity and cardiovascular events: a longitudinal and cohort study. Lancet. 2017;389(10071):834–45.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Sposato LA, Hilz MJ, Aspberg S, Murthy SB, Bahit MC, Hsieh CY, et al. Post-stroke cardiovascular complications and neurogenic cardiac injury: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(23):2768–85.CrossRef Sposato LA, Hilz MJ, Aspberg S, Murthy SB, Bahit MC, Hsieh CY, et al. Post-stroke cardiovascular complications and neurogenic cardiac injury: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(23):2768–85.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Mullens W, Damman K, Testani JM, Martens P, Mueller C, Lassus J, et al. Evaluation of kidney function throughout the heart failure trajectory - a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(4):584–603.CrossRef Mullens W, Damman K, Testani JM, Martens P, Mueller C, Lassus J, et al. Evaluation of kidney function throughout the heart failure trajectory - a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(4):584–603.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Pijl JP, Glaudemans A, Slart R, Yakar D, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Kwee TC. FDG-PET/CT for detecting an infection focus in patients with bloodstream infection: factors affecting diagnostic yield. Clin Nucl Med. 2019;44(2):99–106.CrossRef Pijl JP, Glaudemans A, Slart R, Yakar D, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Kwee TC. FDG-PET/CT for detecting an infection focus in patients with bloodstream infection: factors affecting diagnostic yield. Clin Nucl Med. 2019;44(2):99–106.CrossRef
36.
37.
go back to reference Zhang X, Cherry SR, Xie Z, Shi H, Badawi RD, Qi J. Subsecond total-body imaging using ultrasensitive positron emission tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(5):2265–7.CrossRef Zhang X, Cherry SR, Xie Z, Shi H, Badawi RD, Qi J. Subsecond total-body imaging using ultrasensitive positron emission tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(5):2265–7.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Jones T. Total body PET imaging from mice to humans. Frontiers in Phys. 2020;8(77):4. Jones T. Total body PET imaging from mice to humans. Frontiers in Phys. 2020;8(77):4.
41.
go back to reference Nardo L, Schmall JP, Werner TJ, Malogolowkin M, Badawi RD, Alavi A. Potential roles of total-body PET/computed tomography in pediatric imaging. PET Clin. 2020;15(3):271–9.CrossRef Nardo L, Schmall JP, Werner TJ, Malogolowkin M, Badawi RD, Alavi A. Potential roles of total-body PET/computed tomography in pediatric imaging. PET Clin. 2020;15(3):271–9.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Zanotti-Fregonara P, Lammertsma AA, Innis RB. Suggested pathway to assess radiation safety of (1)(8)F-labeled PET tracers for first-in-human studies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40(11):1781–3.CrossRef Zanotti-Fregonara P, Lammertsma AA, Innis RB. Suggested pathway to assess radiation safety of (1)(8)F-labeled PET tracers for first-in-human studies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40(11):1781–3.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Simoncic U, Perlman S, Liu G, Jeraj R. Optimizing an 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG cocktail for PET assessment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nucl Med Commun. 2015;36(12):1174–80.CrossRef Simoncic U, Perlman S, Liu G, Jeraj R. Optimizing an 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG cocktail for PET assessment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nucl Med Commun. 2015;36(12):1174–80.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Vandenberghe S, Moskal P, Karp JS. State of the art in total body PET. EJNMMI Phys. 2020;7(1):35.CrossRef Vandenberghe S, Moskal P, Karp JS. State of the art in total body PET. EJNMMI Phys. 2020;7(1):35.CrossRef
46.
go back to reference van Sluis J, Boellaard R, Somasundaram A, van Snick PH, Borra RJH, Dierckx R, et al. Image quality and semiquantitative measurements on the Biograph Vision PET/CT system: initial experiences and comparison with the Biograph mCT. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(1):129–35.CrossRef van Sluis J, Boellaard R, Somasundaram A, van Snick PH, Borra RJH, Dierckx R, et al. Image quality and semiquantitative measurements on the Biograph Vision PET/CT system: initial experiences and comparison with the Biograph mCT. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(1):129–35.CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Rosslyn VA. National Electrical Manufacturers Association performance measurements of positron emission tomographs. National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA Standards Publication. 2012;NU-2. Rosslyn VA. National Electrical Manufacturers Association performance measurements of positron emission tomographs. National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA Standards Publication. 2012;NU-2.
49.
go back to reference Rosslyn VA. National Electrical Manufacturers Association performance measurements of positron emission tomographs. . National Electrical Manufacturers Association; 2012 NEMA Standards Publication. 2018;NU 2. Rosslyn VA. National Electrical Manufacturers Association performance measurements of positron emission tomographs. . National Electrical Manufacturers Association; 2012 NEMA Standards Publication. 2018;NU 2.
50.
go back to reference Rosslyn VANEMA. National Electrical Manufacturers Association performance measurements of positron emission tomographs. NEMA Standards Publication NU 2–2012. 2012. Rosslyn VANEMA. National Electrical Manufacturers Association performance measurements of positron emission tomographs. NEMA Standards Publication NU 2–2012. 2012.
51.
go back to reference Meikle SR, Sossi V, Roncali E, Cherry SR, Banati R, Mankoff D, et al. Quantitative PET in the 2020s: a roadmap. Phys Med Biol. 2021;66(6):06RM1.CrossRef Meikle SR, Sossi V, Roncali E, Cherry SR, Banati R, Mankoff D, et al. Quantitative PET in the 2020s: a roadmap. Phys Med Biol. 2021;66(6):06RM1.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Sanabria-Bohorquez SM, Labar D, Leveque P, Bol A, De Volder AG, Michel C, et al. [11C]flumazenil metabolite measurement in plasma is not necessary for accurate brain benzodiazepine receptor quantification. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27(11):1674–83.CrossRef Sanabria-Bohorquez SM, Labar D, Leveque P, Bol A, De Volder AG, Michel C, et al. [11C]flumazenil metabolite measurement in plasma is not necessary for accurate brain benzodiazepine receptor quantification. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27(11):1674–83.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Long axial field of view PET scanners: a road map to implementation and new possibilities
Authors
Riemer H. J. A. Slart
Charalampos Tsoumpas
Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans
Walter Noordzij
Antoon T. M. Willemsen
Ronald J. H. Borra
Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
Adriaan A. Lammertsma
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Issue 13/2021
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Electronic ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05461-6

Other articles of this Issue 13/2021

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 13/2021 Go to the issue