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01-10-2019 | Obesity | Review

Sex differences in the burden of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk across the life course

Authors: Amy G. Huebschmann, Rachel R. Huxley, Wendy M. Kohrt, Philip Zeitler, Judith G. Regensteiner, Jane E. B. Reusch

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 10/2019

Abstract

By 2017 estimates, diabetes mellitus affects 425 million people globally; approximately 90–95% of these have type 2 diabetes. This narrative review highlights two domains of sex differences related to the burden of type 2 diabetes across the life span: sex differences in the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes, and sex differences in the cardiovascular burden conferred by type 2 diabetes. In the presence of type 2 diabetes, the difference in the absolute rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between men and women lessens, albeit remaining higher in men. Large-scale observational studies suggest that type 2 diabetes confers 25–50% greater excess risk of incident CVD in women compared with men. Physiological and behavioural mechanisms that may underpin both the observed sex differences in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the associated cardiovascular burden are discussed in this review. Gender differences in social behavioural norms and disparities in provider-level treatment patterns are also highlighted, but not described in detail. We conclude by discussing research gaps in this area that are worthy of further investigation.

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Title: Sex differences in the burden of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk across the life course
Authors: Amy G. Huebschmann
Rachel R. Huxley
Wendy M. Kohrt
Philip Zeitler
Judith G. Regensteiner
Jane E. B. Reusch
Publication date: 01-10-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Insulins
Diabetes
Insulins
Type 2 Diabetes
Published in: Diabetologia / Issue 10/2019
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4939-5

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