No evidence of enteroviruses in the intestine of patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors:
A. Mercalli, V. Lampasona, K. Klingel, L. Albarello, C. Lombardoni, J. Ekström, V. Sordi, A. Bolla, A. Mariani, D. Bzhalava, J. Dillner, M. Roivainen, E. Bosi, L. Piemonti
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the gut mucosa is a reservoir for enterovirus persistence in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Methods
Small intestine biopsy samples from 25 individuals at different stages of type 1 diabetes, 21 control individuals and 27 individuals with coeliac disease were analysed for the presence of enterovirus RNA by using both radioactive in-situ hybridisation and real-time RT-PCR and for the presence of enterovirus proteins by immunostaining with antibodies against VP1 and VP4-2-3 capsid proteins and virus polymerase. Lymphocytic enteropathy and serum anti-VP1 antibodies were also evaluated at the time of biopsy. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing was performed to identify viral transcripts or genomes.
Results
Enterovirus was not detected by in-situ hybridisation or RT-PCR in any of the individuals tested. Immunohistology revealed a few stained cells in the intestinal epithelium in a low number of individuals, with no difference between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Levels of serum IgG against VP1 did not differ between control individuals and those with diabetes or coeliac disease and no evidence of diabetes-related lymphocytic enteropathy was detected. High-throughput sequencing did not reveal specific enterovirus sequences in the gut mucosa of individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Conclusions/interpretation
Prolonged/persistent enterovirus infections in gut mucosa are not common in patients with type 1 diabetes.
No evidence of enteroviruses in the intestine of patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors
A. Mercalli V. Lampasona K. Klingel L. Albarello C. Lombardoni J. Ekström V. Sordi A. Bolla A. Mariani D. Bzhalava J. Dillner M. Roivainen E. Bosi L. Piemonti
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