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Diabetologia
Published in: Diabetologia 12/2011

01-12-2011 | ARTICLE

Human enterovirus infections in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes: the Babydiet study

Authors: M.-L. Simonen-Tikka, M. Pflueger, P. Klemola, C. Savolainen-Kopra, T. Smura, S. Hummel, S. Kaijalainen, K. Nuutila, O. Natri, M. Roivainen, A.-G. Ziegler

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 12/2011

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

The aim of this study was to examine human enteroviruses (HEVs) and other intestinal viruses derived from children who participated in the Babydiet intervention study and to analyse the findings according to the appearance of islet autoantibodies, dietary intervention, maternal type 1 diabetes and clinical symptoms.

Methods

In the Babydiet study the influence of first gluten exposure (6 or 12 months) on the development of islet autoimmunity was investigated in 150 children with increased genetic and familial risk for type 1 diabetes. Blood and stool samples were collected at 3 monthly intervals until the age of 3 years and yearly thereafter. Infections and clinical symptoms were recorded daily for the first year. In the present study, 339 stool samples collected from 104 children during the first year of life were analysed for HEVs and a certain proportion of the samples were analysed for other intestinal viruses.

Results

HEV was detected in 32 (9.4%) samples from 24 (23.1%) children. Altogether 13 serotypes were identified, with HEV-A species being the most common. Children with gastrointestinal symptoms had norovirus (3/11) and sapovirus (1/11) infections in addition to HEV (1/11). Of the 104 children, 22 developed islet autoantibodies. HEV infections were detected in 18% (4/22) and 24% (20/82) of islet-autoantibody-positive and -negative children, respectively (p = 0.5). The prevalence of HEV was similar in the gluten-exposed groups and in children from mothers with type 1 diabetes or from affected fathers and/or siblings (p = 1.0 and 0.6, respectively).

Conclusions/interpretation

No correlation was found between the presence of HEV in the first year of life and the development of islet autoantibodies. There was no association between HEV infections and dietary intervention, maternal diabetes or clinical symptoms.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Human enterovirus infections in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes: the Babydiet study
Authors
M.-L. Simonen-Tikka
M. Pflueger
P. Klemola
C. Savolainen-Kopra
T. Smura
S. Hummel
S. Kaijalainen
K. Nuutila
O. Natri
M. Roivainen
A.-G. Ziegler
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Diabetologia / Issue 12/2011
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2305-3

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