Skip to main content
Top

21-11-2023 | Regorafenib | Original Article

Reirradiation with radiosurgery or stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy in association with regorafenib in recurrent glioblastoma

Authors: Fabiana Gregucci, M.D., Fiorella Cristina Di Guglielmo, Alessia Surgo, Roberta Carbonara, Letizia Laera, Maria Paola Ciliberti, Maria Annunziata Gentile, Roberto Calbi, Morena Caliandro, Nicola Sasso, Valerio Davi’, Ilaria Bonaparte, Vincenzo Fanelli, David Giraldi, Romina Tortora, Valeria Internò, Francesco Giuliani, Giammarco Surico, Francesco Signorelli, Giuseppe Lombardi, Alba Fiorentino

Published in: Strahlentherapie und Onkologie

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

No standard treatment has yet been established for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). In this context, the aim of the current study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of reirradiation (re-RT) by radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS/FSRT) in association with regorafenib.

Methods

Patients with a histological or radiological diagnosis of recurrent GBM who received re-RT by SRS/FSRT and regorafenib as second-line systemic therapy were included in the analysis.

Results

From January 2020 to December 2022, 21 patients were evaluated. The median time between primary/adjuvant RT and disease recurrence was 8 months (range 5–20). Median re-RT dose was 24 Gy (range 18–36 Gy) for a median number of 5 fractions (range 1–6). Median regorafenib treatment duration was 12 weeks (range 3–26). Re-RT was administered before starting regorafenib or in the week off regorafenib during the course of chemotherapy. The median and the 6‑month overall survival (OS) from recurrence were 8.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.9–12.7 months) and 75% (95% CI 50.9–89.1%), respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) from recurrence was 6 months (95% CI 3.7–8.5 months). The most frequent side effects were asthenia that occurred in 10 patients (8 cases of grade 2 and 2 cases of grade 3), and hand–foot skin reaction (2 patients grade 3, 3 patients grade 2). Adverse events led to permanent regorafenib discontinuation in 2 cases, while in 5/21 cases (23.8%), a dose reduction was administered. One patient experienced dehiscence of the surgical wound after reintervention and during regorafenib treatment, while another patient reported intestinal perforation that required hospitalization.

Conclusion

For recurrent GBM, re-RT with SRT/FSRT plus regorafenib is a safe treatment. Prospective trials are necessary.
Literature
3.
go back to reference Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Allgeier A, Fisher B, Belanger K et al (2009) Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5‑year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol 10:459–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7CrossRefPubMed Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Allgeier A, Fisher B, Belanger K et al (2009) Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5‑year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol 10:459–466. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(09)70025-7CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Park KJ, Kano H, Iyer A, Liu X, Niranjan A, Flickinger JC, Lieberman FS, Lunsford LD, Kondziolka D (2012) Salvage gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery followed by bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a case-control study. J Neurooncol 107:323–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-011-0744-9CrossRefPubMed Park KJ, Kano H, Iyer A, Liu X, Niranjan A, Flickinger JC, Lieberman FS, Lunsford LD, Kondziolka D (2012) Salvage gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery followed by bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a case-control study. J Neurooncol 107:323–333. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11060-011-0744-9CrossRefPubMed
10.
12.
go back to reference Martínez-Carrillo M, Tovar-Martín I, Zurita-Herrera M, Del Moral-Ávila R, Guerrero-Tejada R, Saura-Rojas E, Osorio-Ceballos JL, Arrebola-Moreno JP, Expósito-Hernández J (2014) Salvage radiosurgery for selected patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Biomed Res Int 2:657953 Martínez-Carrillo M, Tovar-Martín I, Zurita-Herrera M, Del Moral-Ávila R, Guerrero-Tejada R, Saura-Rojas E, Osorio-Ceballos JL, Arrebola-Moreno JP, Expósito-Hernández J (2014) Salvage radiosurgery for selected patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Biomed Res Int 2:657953
16.
go back to reference Lombardi G, De Salvo GL, Brandes AA, Eoli M, Rudà R, Faedi M, Lolli I, Pace A, Daniele B, Pasqualetti F et al (2019) Regorafenib compared with lomustine in patients with relapsed glioblastoma (REGOMA): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 20:110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30675-2CrossRefPubMed Lombardi G, De Salvo GL, Brandes AA, Eoli M, Rudà R, Faedi M, Lolli I, Pace A, Daniele B, Pasqualetti F et al (2019) Regorafenib compared with lomustine in patients with relapsed glioblastoma (REGOMA): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 20:110–119. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(18)30675-2CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Navarria P, Minniti G, Clerici E, Tomatis S, Pinzi V, Ciammella P, Galaverni M, Amelio D, Scartoni D, Scoccianti S et al (2019) Re-irradiation for recurrent glioma: Outcome evaluation, toxicity and prognostic factors assessment. A multicenter study of the Radiation Oncology Italian Association (AIRO). J Neurooncol 142:59–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-018-03059-xCrossRefPubMed Navarria P, Minniti G, Clerici E, Tomatis S, Pinzi V, Ciammella P, Galaverni M, Amelio D, Scartoni D, Scoccianti S et al (2019) Re-irradiation for recurrent glioma: Outcome evaluation, toxicity and prognostic factors assessment. A multicenter study of the Radiation Oncology Italian Association (AIRO). J Neurooncol 142:59–67. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11060-018-03059-xCrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Meduri B, Gregucci F, D’Angelo E, Alitto AR, Ciurlia E, Desideri I, Marino L, Borghetti P, Fiore M, Fiorentino A, AIRO Giovani -Italian Association of Radiation Oncology-Young Members (2020) Volume de-escalation in radiation therapy: state of the art and new perspectives. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 146:909–924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-020-03152-7CrossRefPubMed Meduri B, Gregucci F, D’Angelo E, Alitto AR, Ciurlia E, Desideri I, Marino L, Borghetti P, Fiore M, Fiorentino A, AIRO Giovani -Italian Association of Radiation Oncology-Young Members (2020) Volume de-escalation in radiation therapy: state of the art and new perspectives. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 146:909–924. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00432-020-03152-7CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Gigliotti MJ, Hasan S, Karlovits SM, Ranjan T, Wegner RE Re-irradiation with stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas: Improved survival in the modern era. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 96:289–295. https://doi.org/10.1159/000493545 Gigliotti MJ, Hasan S, Karlovits SM, Ranjan T, Wegner RE Re-irradiation with stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas: Improved survival in the modern era. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 96:289–295. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1159/​000493545
26.
go back to reference Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, Wanders J, Kaplan RS, Rubinstein L, Verweij J, Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Christian MC et al (2000) New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:205–216. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/92.3.205CrossRefPubMed Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, Wanders J, Kaplan RS, Rubinstein L, Verweij J, Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Christian MC et al (2000) New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:205–216. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​jnci/​92.​3.​205CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Alongi F, Fiorentino A, Gregucci F, Corradini S, Giaj-Levra N, Romano L, Rigo M, Ricchetti F, Beltramello A, Lunardi G et al (2019) First experience and clinical results using a new non-coplanar mono-isocenter technique (HyperArc™) for Linac-based VMAT radiosurgery in brain metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 145:193–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-018-2781-7CrossRefPubMed Alongi F, Fiorentino A, Gregucci F, Corradini S, Giaj-Levra N, Romano L, Rigo M, Ricchetti F, Beltramello A, Lunardi G et al (2019) First experience and clinical results using a new non-coplanar mono-isocenter technique (HyperArc™) for Linac-based VMAT radiosurgery in brain metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 145:193–200. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00432-018-2781-7CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Gregucci F, Surgo A, Bonaparte I, Laera L, Ciliberti MP, Carbonara R, Gentile MA, Giraldi D, Calbi R, Caliandro M et al (2021) Poor-prognosis patients affected by glioblastoma: retrospective study of hypofractionated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost and concurrent/Adjuvant Temozolomide. J Pers Med 11:1145. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111145CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gregucci F, Surgo A, Bonaparte I, Laera L, Ciliberti MP, Carbonara R, Gentile MA, Giraldi D, Calbi R, Caliandro M et al (2021) Poor-prognosis patients affected by glioblastoma: retrospective study of hypofractionated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost and concurrent/Adjuvant Temozolomide. J Pers Med 11:1145. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3390/​jpm11111145CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
39.
go back to reference Tsien CI, Pugh SL, Dicker AP, Raizer JJ, Matuszak MM, Lallana EC, Huang J, Algan O, Deb N, Portelance L, Villano JL, Hamm JT, Oh KS, Ali AN, Kim MM, Lindhorst SM, Mehta MP (2023) NRG oncology/RTOG1205: a randomized phase II trial of concurrent bevacizumab and reirradiation versus bevacizumab alone as treatment for recurrent Glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 41(6):1285–1295. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.22.00164CrossRefPubMed Tsien CI, Pugh SL, Dicker AP, Raizer JJ, Matuszak MM, Lallana EC, Huang J, Algan O, Deb N, Portelance L, Villano JL, Hamm JT, Oh KS, Ali AN, Kim MM, Lindhorst SM, Mehta MP (2023) NRG oncology/RTOG1205: a randomized phase II trial of concurrent bevacizumab and reirradiation versus bevacizumab alone as treatment for recurrent Glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 41(6):1285–1295. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​22.​00164CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Balducci M, Chiesa S, Diletto B, D’Agostino GR, Mangiola A, Manfrida S, Mantini G, Albanese A, Fiorentino A, Frascino V, De Bari B, Micciche’ F, De Rose F, Morganti AG, Anile C, Valentini V (2012) Low-dose fractionated radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme with poor prognosis: a feasibility study. Neuro Oncol 14(1):79–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nor173CrossRefPubMed Balducci M, Chiesa S, Diletto B, D’Agostino GR, Mangiola A, Manfrida S, Mantini G, Albanese A, Fiorentino A, Frascino V, De Bari B, Micciche’ F, De Rose F, Morganti AG, Anile C, Valentini V (2012) Low-dose fractionated radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme with poor prognosis: a feasibility study. Neuro Oncol 14(1):79–86. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​neuonc/​nor173CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Reirradiation with radiosurgery or stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy in association with regorafenib in recurrent glioblastoma
Authors
Fabiana Gregucci, M.D.
Fiorella Cristina Di Guglielmo
Alessia Surgo
Roberta Carbonara
Letizia Laera
Maria Paola Ciliberti
Maria Annunziata Gentile
Roberto Calbi
Morena Caliandro
Nicola Sasso
Valerio Davi’
Ilaria Bonaparte
Vincenzo Fanelli
David Giraldi
Romina Tortora
Valeria Internò
Francesco Giuliani
Giammarco Surico
Francesco Signorelli
Giuseppe Lombardi
Alba Fiorentino
Publication date
21-11-2023
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Strahlentherapie und Onkologie
Print ISSN: 0179-7158
Electronic ISSN: 1439-099X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-023-02172-9