25-04-2024 | Celiac Disease | Original Article
Patients with Celiac Disease Have High Prevalence of Fatty Liver and Metabolic Syndrome
Published in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences
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Objective
In recent years, patients with celiac disease (CeD) have been reported to have a high prevalence of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome in patients with CeD and effect of gluten-free diet in them.
Methods
The PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for original studies upto November 18, 2022. We included full-text articles published in the English language after 1990 that used well-defined criteria for CeD, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome. A random effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence.
Results
Of 350 studies identified, 11 studies (n = 2578) were included in the analysis. On analysis of both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, pooled prevalence of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome in treatment-naïve patients with CeD were 18.2% (95% CI 8.3–30.8%, n = 1237) and 4.3% (95% CI 2.4–6.7, n = 1239) and in those on GFD of varying duration was 28.2% (95% CI 20.7–36.4%, n = 1368) and 21.3% (95% CI 11.7–32.9%, n = 2193), respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome between low- or high-income group countries.
Conclusions
Patients with CeD have a high prevalence of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome which increases further with the initiation of GFD. Patients with CeD should thus be screened and monitored for development of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome. They should be counselled appropriately regarding their diet and inclusion of physical activity in their lifestyle.
Graphical Abstract
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