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01-06-2016 | Experimental Research - Vascular

Leukocyte plugging and cortical capillary flow after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Authors: Mami Ishikawa, Mayumi Kajimura, Takayuki Morikawa, Kosuke Tsukada, Toshiyuki Tsuji, Gen Kusaka, Yuichi Tanaka, Makoto Suematsu

Published in: Acta Neurochirurgica | Issue 6/2016

Abstract

Background

It is believed that increased intracranial pressure immediately after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes extensive brain ischemia and results in worsening clinical status. Arterial flow to the cerebral surfaces is clinically well maintained during clipping surgery regardless of the severity of the World Federation of Neurological Societies grade after SAH. To explore what kinds of changes occur in the cortical microcirculation, not at the cerebral surface, we examined cortical microcirculation after SAH using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM).

Methods

SAH was induced in mice with an endovascular perforation model. Following continuous injection of rhodamine 6G, velocities of labeled platelets and leukocytes and unlabeled red blood cells (RBCs) were measured in the cortical capillaries 60 min after SAH with a line-scan method using TPLSM, and the data were compared to a sham group and P-selectin monoclonal antibody-treated group.

Results

Velocities of leukocytes, platelets, and RBCs in capillaries decreased significantly 60 min after SAH. Rolling and adherent leukocytes suddenly prevented other blood cells from flowing in the capillaries. Flowing blood cells also decreased significantly in each capillary after SAH. This no-reflow phenomenon induced by plugging leukocytes was often observed in the SAH group but not in the sham group. The decreased velocities of blood cells were reversed by pretreatment with the monoclonal antibody of P-selection, an adhesion molecule expressed on the surfaces of both endothelial cells and platelets.

Conclusions

SAH caused sudden worsening of cortical microcirculation at the onset. Leukocyte plugging in capillaries is one of the reasons why cortical microcirculation is aggravated after SAH.

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Title: Leukocyte plugging and cortical capillary flow after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Mami Ishikawa
Mayumi Kajimura
Takayuki Morikawa
Kosuke Tsukada
Toshiyuki Tsuji
Gen Kusaka
Yuichi Tanaka
Makoto Suematsu
Publication date: 01-06-2016
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Published in: Acta Neurochirurgica / Issue 6/2016
Print ISSN: 0001-6268
Electronic ISSN: 0942-0940
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-016-2792-6

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Springer Medicine

Leukocyte plugging and cortical capillary flow after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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