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10-05-2024 | Leukemia | Case Report

DNT cells mediate resistance to CAR-T cells therapy in a pediatric patient with relapsed and refractory B-ALL

Authors: Ruotong Chen, Qianshan Tao, Fan Wu, Zhimin Zhai, Yuchen Jiang, Caixian Xu, Huiping Wang

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells therapy is a milestone achievement in the immunotherapy of relapsed and refractory (R/R) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, some patients treated with CAR-T cells do not achieve complete remission, the mechanisms of which have not been elucidated. In the present study, we report a 9-year-old pediatric patient with refractory B-ALL received a triple infusion of autologous CD19 CAR-T cells therapy after the second relapse. CAR-T cells expanded in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. However, the patient did not achieve complete remission, indicating a lack of response to CAR-T cells therapy. Analysis of etiological factors revealed that the number of CD4 and CD8 double-negative T (DNT) cells was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and autologous CAR-T cells products. In conclusiont, these findings indicate that DNT cells mediated resistance to CAR-T cells therapy in this pediatric patient with R/R B-ALL.

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Title: DNT cells mediate resistance to CAR-T cells therapy in a pediatric patient with relapsed and refractory B-ALL
Authors: Ruotong Chen
Qianshan Tao
Fan Wu
Zhimin Zhai
Yuchen Jiang
Caixian Xu
Huiping Wang
Publication date: 10-05-2024
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Leukemia
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Published in: Annals of Hematology
Print ISSN: 0939-5555
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0584
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-024-05790-0

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