Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Malaria Journal
Published in: Malaria Journal 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research

Larval habitat characteristics of the main malaria vectors in the most endemic regions of Colombia: potential implications for larval control

Authors: Marcela Conde, Paula X. Pareja, Lorena I. Orjuela, Martha L. Ahumada, Sebastian Durán, Jennifer A. Jara, Braian A. Cañon, Pilar Pérez, John C. Beier, Socrates Herrera, Martha L. Quiñones

Published in: Malaria Journal | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Malaria incidence has recently decreased globally and, as malaria elimination is envisioned as a possibility by the health authorities, guidance is needed to strengthen malaria control strategies. Larval source treatment, which could complement routine vector control strategies, requires knowledge regarding the Anopheles larval habitats.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in three of the most malaria-endemic regions in Colombia. A total of 1116 potential larval habitats in 70 villages were sampled in three states located in western Colombia: Cordoba, Valle del Cauca and Nariño.

Results

Overall, 17.5 % (195) of the potential larval habitats were found positive for different Anopheles species. A total of 1683 larvae were identified belonging to seven species: Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles calderoni, Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles neomaculipalpus, Anopheles nuneztovari s.l., Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, and Anopheles triannulatus. The most widely distributed species was An. nuneztovari s.l., which was found mainly in human-made fishponds in Cordoba and temporary puddles in Valle del Cauca. Anopheles albimanus and An. calderoni were associated with human-made wells or excavation sites in Nariño. Cordoba displayed the greatest Anopheles species diversity with a total of six species (Shannon diversity index H′: 1.063). Although Valle del Cauca had four species, one more than Nariño, the diversity was lower because only one species predominated, An. nuneztovari s.l. The larval habitats with the highest Shannon diversity index were lagoons (H′: 1.079) and fishponds (H′: 1.009) in Cordoba, excavation sites in Nariño (H′: 0.620) and puddles in Valle del Cauca (H′: 0.764).

Conclusions

This study provides important information regarding the larval habitats of the main malaria vectors in the most malaria-endemic regions of Colombia, which will be useful in guiding larval control operations.
Literature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Montoya-Lerma J, Solarte YA, Giraldo-Calderon GI, Quiñones ML, Ruiz-Lopez F, González R. Malaria vector species in Colombia—a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011;106(suppl 1):223–38.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Olano VA, Brochero HL, Sáenz R, Quiñones ML, Molina JA. Mapas preliminares de la distribución de especies de Anopheles vectores de malaria en Colombia. Biomédica. 2001;21:402–8.
8.
Orjuela LI, Ahumada ML, Avila I, Herrera S, Beier JC, Quiñones ML. Human biting activity, spatial-temporal distribution and malaria vector role of Anopheles calderoni in the southwest of Colombia. Malar J. 2015;14:256.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
9.
Quiñones ML, Ruiz F, Calle DA, Harbach RE, Linton YM. Incrimination of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) rangeli and An. (Nys.) oswaldoi as natural vectors of Plasmodium vivax in Southern Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006;101:617–23.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Quiñones M, Suarez M, Rodríguez A, Fleming GA, Galvis LE. Comportamiento de Anopheles (Kerteszia) lepidotus Zavortink, 1973 y su discriminación como posible vector de malaria en el departamento del Tolima Colombia. Biomedica. 1984;1:5–13.CrossRef
11.
Escovar JE, González R, Quiñones ML. Anthropophilic biting behaviour of Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai Howard, Dyar and Knab associated with Fishermen’s activities in a malaria-endemic area in the Colombian Pacific. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2013;108:1057–64.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
12.
Escovar JE, González R, Quiñones ML, Wilkerson RC, Ruiz F, Harrison BA. Morphology of the larvae, male genitalia and DNA sequences of Anopheles (Kerteszia) pholidotus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014;109:473–9.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
13.
Conn J, Norris D, Donnelly MJ, Beebe NW, Burkot TR, Coulibaly MB, et al. Entomological monitoring and evaluation: diverse transmission settings of ICEMR projects will require local and regional malaria elimination strategies. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;93:28–41.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
14.
15.
16.
WHO. Larval source management: a supplementary measure for malaria vector control: an operational manual. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
17.
Fillinger U, Lindsay SW. Suppression of exposure to malaria vectors by an order of magnitude using microbial larvicides in rural Kenya. Trop Med Int Health. 2006;11:1629–42.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Nartey R, Owusu-Dabo E, Kruppa T, Baffour-Awuah S, Annan A, Oppong S, et al. Use of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis as a viable option in an Integrated Malaria Vector Control Programme in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:172.CrossRef
19.
Berti J, Herrera M, González J, Puentes N, Caraballo R, Valero J. Field trials on the efficacy and persistence of three formulations of Bacillus sphaericus against larvae of Anopheles aquasalis Curry in mangroves of Mariño municipality, Sucre state, Venezuela. Boletin de Malariologia y Salud Ambiental. 2012;52:67–77.
20.
Rojas W, Northup J, Gallo O, Montoya AE, Montoya F, Restrepo M, et al. Reduction of malaria prevalence after introduction of Romanomermis culicivorax (Mermithidae: Nematoda) in larval Anopheles habitats in Colombia. Bull World Health Organ. 1987;65:331–7.PubMedCentralPubMed
21.
Tusting LS, Thwing J, Sinclair D, Fillinger U, Gimnig J, Bonner KE, et al. Mosquito larval source management for controlling malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;8:CD008923.PubMed
22.
Walshe DP, Garner P, Abdel-Hameed AA, Pyke GH, Burkot T. Larvivorous fish for preventing malaria transmission—a review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;12:CD008090.PubMed
23.
Mohamed AA. Study of larvivorous fish for malaria vector control in Somalia, 2002. East Mediterr Health J. 2003;9:618–26.PubMed
24.
Rubio-Palis Y. Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) de Venezuela. Taxonomía, Bionomía, Ecología e Importancia Médica. Publicado por la escuela de malariología y sanemaiemto ambiental “Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldón” y el proyecto control de enfermedades endémicas. Maracay, Venezuela. 2000. pp 120.
25.
Padilla JC, Álvarez G, Montoya R, Chaparro P, Herrera S. Epidemiology and control of malaria in Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011;106(Suppl 1):114–22.
26.
27.
IGAC, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. Diccionario Geográfico de Colombia. Tercera edición. Bogotá: Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. 1996.
28.
Service MW. Mosquito ecology: field sampling methods. Chapman and Hall, 2nd edn. Elsevier Science Publishers, Essex, UK. 1993.
29.
Belkin J, Schick R, Galindo P, Aitken T. Estudios sobre mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae). Un proyecto para un estudio sistemático de los mosquitos de mesoamérica. Ila. Métodos para coleccionar, criar y preservar mosquitos. Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 1967;1:163–80.
30.
González R, Carrejo N. Introducción al estudio taxonómico de Anopheles de Colombia claves y notas de distribución. 2nd ed. Cali: Programa Editorial de la Universidad del Valle; 2009.
31.
32.
Shannon CE. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Sys Tech J. 1948;27:379–423.CrossRef
33.
Vittor AY, Gilman RH, Tielsch J, Glass G, Shields T, Lozano WS, et al. The effect of deforestation on the human-biting rate of Anopheles darlingi, the primary vector of Falciparum malaria in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74:3–11.PubMed
34.
Costa KM, De Almeida WA, Magalhaes IB, Montoya R, Moura MS, De Lacerda MV. Malaria in Cruzeiro do Sul (Western Brazilian Amazon): analysis of the historical series from 1998 to 2008. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2010;28:353–60.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Saraiva MGG, Amorim RDS, Moura MAS, Martinez-Espinosa FE, Barbosa MGV. Expansão urbana e distribuição espacial da malária no município de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas. Rev Soc Bras de Med Trop. 2009;42:515–22.CrossRef
36.
Tadei WP, Thatcher BD, Santos JM, Scarpassa VM, Rodrigues IB, Rafael MS. Ecologic observations on anopheline vectors of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59:325–35.PubMed
37.
38.
Govoetchan R, Gnanguènon V, Ogouwalé E, Oké-Agbo F, Azondékon R, Sovi A, et al. Dry season refugia for anopheline larvae and mapping of the seasonal distribution in mosquito larval habitats in Kandi, northeastern Benin. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:137.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
39.
Ghosh SK, Tiwari SN, Sathyanarayan TS, Sampath TR, Sharma VP, Nanda N, et al. Larvivorous fish in wells target the malaria vector sibling species of the Anopheles culicifacies complex in villages in Karnataka, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005;99:101–5.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Rojas E, Velásquez J, Rosas C, Villegas E, Perez H, Rosario C, et al. Mesofauna de criaderos naturales de Anopheles spp y las poblaciones depredadoras de sus larvas. Bol Dir Malaríol San Amb. 1998;38:63–7.
41.
Pinault LL, Hunter FF. Characterization of larval habitats of Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, Anopheles punctimacula, and Anopheles oswaldoi s.l. populations in lowland and highland Ecuador. J Vector Ecol. 2012;37:124–36.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Herrera-Varela M, Orjuela LI, Peñalver C, Conn JE, Quiñones ML. Anopheles species composition explains differences in Plasmodium transmission in La Guajira, northern Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014;109:955–9.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Forattini OP. Entomología médica vol I. Facultade de Higiene e Saúde Pública S Paulo. 1962.
44.
Faran ME. A revision of the Albimanus section of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus of Anopheles. Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 1980;15:1–215.
45.
Rejmánková E, Savage H, Rejmanek M, Roberts DR, Arredondo-Jimenez J. Multivariate analysis of relationships between habitats, environmental factors and occurrence of anopheline mosquito larvae (Anopheles albimanus, An. pseudopunctipennis) in southern Chiapas, Mexico. J Appl Ecol. 1991;28:827–41.CrossRef
46.
Rejmankova E, Roberts DR, Harbach RE, Pecor J, Peyton EL, Manguin S, et al. Environmental and regional determinants of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) larval distribution in Belize. Central America. Environ Entomol. 1995;22:978–92.CrossRef
47.
Roberts DR, Manguin S, Rejmankova E, Andre R, Harbach RE, Vanzie E, et al. Spatial distribution of adult Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles albimanus in relation to riparian habitats in Belize. Central America. J Vector Ecol. 2002;27:21–30.PubMed
48.
Guthmann JP, Llanos-Cuentas A, Palacios A, Hall AJ. Environmental factors as determinants of malaria risk: a descriptive study on the northern coast of Peru. Trop Med Int Health. 2002;7:518–25.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Brown R, Scorza JV. Faunula culicida en un área del estado de Trujillo, Venezuela, y su importancia vectora. Bol Dir Malariol San Amb. 1995;35:25–9.
50.
Wilkerson RC. Anopheles (Anopheles) calderoni n. sp., a malaria vector of the Arribalzagia series from Peru (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Syst. 1991;23:25–38.
51.
Brochero H, Pareja PX, Ortiz G, Olano VA. Sitios de cría y actividad de picadura de especies de Anopheles en el municipio de Cimitarra, Santander, Colombia. Biomédica. 2006;26:269–77.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Parra-Henao G, Alarcón EP. Observaciones sobre la bionomía de Anopheles spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) en el municipio Valencia, departamento Córdoba. Colombia. Bol Dir Malariol San Amb. 2008;48:95–8.
53.
Rubio-Palis Y. Vector biology and malaria transmission in western Venezuela. PhD Thesis, university of London. 1991. pp 261.
54.
55.
Nagm L, Luitgards-moura JF, Neucamp CDS, Monteiro-de-barros FS, Honório NA, Tsouris P, et al. Affinity and diversity indices for anopheline immature forms. Inst Med Trop S Paulo. 2007;49:309–16.
56.
Hayes J, Calderón G, Falcon R, Zambrano V. Newly incriminated anopheline vectors of human malaria parasites in Junin Department, Perú. J Amer Mosq Control Assoc. 1987;3:418–22.
57.
Gutierrez LA, González JJ, Gomez GF, Castro MI, Rosero DA, Luckhart S, et al. Species composition and natural infectivity of anthropophilic Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in the states of Córdoba and Antioquia, Northwestern Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009;104:1117–24.PubMedCentralPubMed
58.
Rejmánková E, Rubio-Palis Y, Villegas L. Larval habitats of Anopheline mosquitoes in the Upper Orinoco, Venezuela. J Vector Ecol. 1999;24:130–7.PubMed
59.
60.
Faran ME, Linthicum KJ. A handbook of the Amazonian species of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosq Syst. 1981;13:1–81.
61.
Berti J, Vanegas C, Amarista J, González J, Montañez H, Castillo M, et al. Inventario preliminar y observaciones biológicas sobre los Anophelinos (Diptera:Culicidae) de una región minera del estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Bol Entomol Venez. 1998;13:17–26.
62.
63.
Nixon CP, Nixon CE, Arsyad DS, Chand K, Yudhaputri FA, Sumarto W, et al. Distance to Anopheles sundaicus larval habitats dominant among risk factors for parasitemia in meso-endemic Southwest Sumba, Indonesia. Pathog Glob Health. 2014;108:369–80.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Larval habitat characteristics of the main malaria vectors in the most endemic regions of Colombia: potential implications for larval control
Authors
Marcela Conde
Paula X. Pareja
Lorena I. Orjuela
Martha L. Ahumada
Sebastian Durán
Jennifer A. Jara
Braian A. Cañon
Pilar Pérez
John C. Beier
Socrates Herrera
Martha L. Quiñones
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Malaria Journal / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-1002-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Malaria Journal 1/2015 Go to the issue

Research

Submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections are common in western Thailand - molecular and serological evidence

Research

Identification of large variation in pfcrt, pfmdr-1 and pfubp-1 markers in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Ethiopia and Tanzania

Research

Inhibitory effect of novel iron chelator, 1-(N-acetyl-6-aminohexyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4-one (CM1) and green tea extract on growth of Plasmodium falciparum

Research

Development of a text-messaging intervention to improve treatment adherence and post-treatment review of children with uncomplicated malaria in western Kenya

Research

Larval ecology of Anopheles coluzzii in Cape Coast, Ghana: water quality, nature of habitat and implication for larval control

Methodology

Grading fluorescein angiograms in malarial retinopathy
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits