Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes approximately 15%–20% of all breast cancer cases, is aggressive and has a high fatality rate approaching 40%. Aberrantly low expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and …

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, accounting for 1 in 8 cancer diagnoses worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. In 2020 alone, there were 2.3 million breast cancer diagnoses globally [ 1 ]. Rates of early-onset cancers (those diagnosed in …

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge. In the USA, it accounts for nearly 29% of newly diagnosed female cancer patients and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women [ 1 – 3 ]. The management of breast …

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare locally advanced invasive breast cancer presenting in 2 to 4% of all breast cancer cases in the USA [ 1 ]. Specific clinical criteria for IBC include characteristic rapid onset (< 6 months) of erythema and …

Breast cancer is currently the most common cancer worldwide with more than 2.26 million new cases in 2020 [ 1 ]. Globally, it accounts for around 12.5% of all new cancer cases each year and for approximately 30% of all new annual cases in the USA [ …2

Breast cancer (BC) in young patients is an increasingly common phenomenon and represents 30–40% of all cancers diagnosed in women < 40 years old globally [ 1 ]. Premenopausal breast cancer represents ~ 25% of all BC cases in high-income countries …

Primary breast carcinomas are largely of ductal or lobular histology; however, there are a myriad of other subtypes less commonly seen. While most breast cancers do fit within these two primary groupings, patients may present with unique subtypes …

Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in the USA and is newly diagnosed in approximately 300,000 people annually [ 1 ]. The incidence of breast cancer has been increasing by approximately 0.5% per year for the past two decades …

Angiosarcoma of the breast encompasses a wide range of diseases, including primary/de novo angiosarcoma and secondary angiosarcoma typically linked to either previous radiation therapy or to chronic lymphedema [ 1 ]. Radiation-induced angiosarcoma …

Despite the equivalent survival rates of lumpectomy and radiation versus mastectomy, rates of mastectomy continue to increase. One of the reasons for this rise has been attributed to the improvements in breast reconstruction. Most patients who …

Breast conservation therapy is defined as a partial/segmental mastectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy. The idea that the addition of radiation therapy to a less invasive, lower-risk surgery would lead to equivalent oncologic outcomes was …

Lymphedema is a chronic limb swelling caused by lymphatic dysfunction. Skin thickening, protein-rich interstitial fluid retention, and fibroadipose subcutaneous deposition lead to progressive limb enlargement [ 1 ]. Lymphedema affects up to 250 …

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in the United States. In 2024, an estimated 313,510 new cases of breast cancer and 42,780 deaths due to the disease are …

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among women, with an annual incidence rate increasing by 0.5% [ 1 – 3 ]. In the last decade, mortality rates have continually decreased to around 1.3% per year, compared to a rate of 1.9% …

The focus on personalizing breast cancer care has come a long way with the development of genomic tests which consist of multi-gene signatures translating into a genomic risk category or score. These genomic tests have improved risk stratification …

Phyllodes tumors (PT) were first characterized by German physiologist, Johannes Müller, in 1838 as large mammary tumors with cystic appearance and leaf-like growth pattern, and coined as cystosarcoma phyllodes [ 1 ] . This term has undergone …

Breast cancer surgery has seen tremendous advances over the last several decades as research and innovation have revolutionized its management. For the first half of the twentieth century, patients underwent radical mastectomies with …

Approximately 80% of all breast cancers are categorized as estrogen receptor-positive (ER +). Historical epidemiologic studies sought to correlate reproductive factors influencing endogenous estrogen exposure with breast cancer risk. These risk …

Since the Halsted era of radical mastectomy, surgical management of breast cancer has evolved tremendously due to a better understanding of tumor biology and advancements in locoregional and systemic therapies [ 1 ]. As a result, breast cancer …

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, with approximately 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths per year [ 1 ]. Understanding breast cancer risk is critical to implementing early detection measures, which in turn can impact cure.