Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Molecular Imaging and Biology 1/2010

01-02-2010 | Research Article

Intravital Imaging of Tumor Apoptosis with FRET Probes During Tumor Therapy

Authors: Feifan Zhou, Da Xing, Shengnan Wu, Wei R. Chen

Published in: Molecular Imaging and Biology | Issue 1/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the study is to dynamically and non-invasively monitor the apoptosis events in vivo during photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy.

Procedures

A FRET probe, SCAT3, was utilized to determine activation of caspase-3 during tumor cell apoptosis in mice, induced by PDT, and cisplatin treatments. Using this method, dynamics of caspase-3 activation was observed both in vitro and in vivo.

Results

Analysis of the fluorescent missions from tumor cells indicated that the caspase-3 activation started immediately after PDT treatment. In contrast, the caspase-3 activation started about 13 and 36 h after cisplatin treatment in vitro and in vivo, respectively.

Conclusions

FRET could be used effectively to monitor activation of caspase-3 in living organism. This method could be used to provide rapid assessment of apoptosis induced by anti-tumor therapies for improvement of treatment efficacy.
Literature
1.
3.
go back to reference Chinnaiyan AM, Prasad U, Shankar S, Hamstra DA, Shanaiah M, Chenevert TL, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A (2000) Combined effect of tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosis-inducing ligand and ionizing radiation in breast cancer therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:1754–1759CrossRefPubMed Chinnaiyan AM, Prasad U, Shankar S, Hamstra DA, Shanaiah M, Chenevert TL, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A (2000) Combined effect of tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosis-inducing ligand and ionizing radiation in breast cancer therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:1754–1759CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Blankenberg FG, Katsikis PD, Storrs RW, Beaulieu C, Spielman D, Chen JY, Naumovski L, Tait JF (1997) Quantitative analysis of apoptotic cell death using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Blood 89:3778–3786PubMed Blankenberg FG, Katsikis PD, Storrs RW, Beaulieu C, Spielman D, Chen JY, Naumovski L, Tait JF (1997) Quantitative analysis of apoptotic cell death using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Blood 89:3778–3786PubMed
5.
go back to reference Aboagye EO, Bhujwalla ZM, Shungu DC, Glickson JD (1998) Detection of tumor response to chemotherapy by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: effect of 5-fluorouracil on lactate levels in radiation-induced fibrosarcoma 1 tumors. Cancer Res 58:1063–1067PubMed Aboagye EO, Bhujwalla ZM, Shungu DC, Glickson JD (1998) Detection of tumor response to chemotherapy by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: effect of 5-fluorouracil on lactate levels in radiation-induced fibrosarcoma 1 tumors. Cancer Res 58:1063–1067PubMed
6.
go back to reference Evelhoch JL, Gillies RJ, Karczmar GS, Koutcher JA, Maxwell RJ, Nalcioglu O, Raghunand N, Ronen SM, Ross BD, Swartz HM (2000) Applications of magnetic resonance in model systems: cancer therapeutics. Neoplasia 2:152–165CrossRefPubMed Evelhoch JL, Gillies RJ, Karczmar GS, Koutcher JA, Maxwell RJ, Nalcioglu O, Raghunand N, Ronen SM, Ross BD, Swartz HM (2000) Applications of magnetic resonance in model systems: cancer therapeutics. Neoplasia 2:152–165CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Laxman B, Hall DE, Bhojani MS, Hamstra DA, Chenevert TL, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A (2002) Noninvasive real-time imaging of apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:16551–16555CrossRefPubMed Laxman B, Hall DE, Bhojani MS, Hamstra DA, Chenevert TL, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A (2002) Noninvasive real-time imaging of apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:16551–16555CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Kanno A, Ozawa T, Umezawa Y (2006) Genetically encoded optical probe for detecting release of proteins from mitochondria toward cytosol in living cells and mammals. Anal Chem 78:8076–8081CrossRefPubMed Kanno A, Ozawa T, Umezawa Y (2006) Genetically encoded optical probe for detecting release of proteins from mitochondria toward cytosol in living cells and mammals. Anal Chem 78:8076–8081CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Ntziachristos V, Schellenberger EA, Ripoll J, Yessayan D, Graves E, Bogdanov A, Josephson L, Weissleder R (2004) Visualization of antitumor treatment by means of fluorescence molecular tomography with an annexin V–Cy5.5 conjugate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:12294–12299CrossRefPubMed Ntziachristos V, Schellenberger EA, Ripoll J, Yessayan D, Graves E, Bogdanov A, Josephson L, Weissleder R (2004) Visualization of antitumor treatment by means of fluorescence molecular tomography with an annexin V–Cy5.5 conjugate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:12294–12299CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Petrovsky A, Schellenberger E, Josephson L, Weissleder R, Bogdanov A (2003) Near-infrared fluorescent imaging of tumor apoptosis. Cancer Res 63:1936–1942PubMed Petrovsky A, Schellenberger E, Josephson L, Weissleder R, Bogdanov A (2003) Near-infrared fluorescent imaging of tumor apoptosis. Cancer Res 63:1936–1942PubMed
11.
go back to reference Messerli S, Prabhakar S, Tang Y, Shah K, Cortes M, Murthy V, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO, Tung CH (2004) A novel method for imaging apoptosis using a caspase-1 near-infrared fluorescent probe. Neoplasia 6(2):95–105CrossRefPubMed Messerli S, Prabhakar S, Tang Y, Shah K, Cortes M, Murthy V, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO, Tung CH (2004) A novel method for imaging apoptosis using a caspase-1 near-infrared fluorescent probe. Neoplasia 6(2):95–105CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Bullok KE, Maxwell D, Kesarwala AH, Gammon S, Prior JL, Snow M, Stanley S, Piwnica-Worms D (2007) Biochemical and in vivo characterization of a small, membrane-permeant, caspase-activatable far-red fluorescent peptide for imaging apoptosis. Biochemistry 46(13):4055–4065CrossRefPubMed Bullok KE, Maxwell D, Kesarwala AH, Gammon S, Prior JL, Snow M, Stanley S, Piwnica-Worms D (2007) Biochemical and in vivo characterization of a small, membrane-permeant, caspase-activatable far-red fluorescent peptide for imaging apoptosis. Biochemistry 46(13):4055–4065CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Hara M, Bindokas V, Lopez JP, Kaihara K, Landa LR, Harbeck M, Roe MW (2004) Imaging endoplasmic reticulum calcium with a fluorescent biosensor in transgenic mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287:C932–C938CrossRefPubMed Hara M, Bindokas V, Lopez JP, Kaihara K, Landa LR, Harbeck M, Roe MW (2004) Imaging endoplasmic reticulum calcium with a fluorescent biosensor in transgenic mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287:C932–C938CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Bartoli M, Bourg N, Stockholm D, Raynaud F, Delevacque A, Han Y, Borel P, Seddik K, Armande N, Richard I (2006) A mouse model for monitoring calpain activity under physiological and pathological conditions. J Biol Chem 281:39672–39680CrossRefPubMed Bartoli M, Bourg N, Stockholm D, Raynaud F, Delevacque A, Han Y, Borel P, Seddik K, Armande N, Richard I (2006) A mouse model for monitoring calpain activity under physiological and pathological conditions. J Biol Chem 281:39672–39680CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Bins AD, van Rheenen J, Jalink K, Halstead JR, Divecha N, Spencer DM, Haanen JBAG, Schumacher TNM (2007) Intravital imaging of fluorescent markers and FRET probes by DNA tattooing. BMC Biotechnol 7:2CrossRefPubMed Bins AD, van Rheenen J, Jalink K, Halstead JR, Divecha N, Spencer DM, Haanen JBAG, Schumacher TNM (2007) Intravital imaging of fluorescent markers and FRET probes by DNA tattooing. BMC Biotechnol 7:2CrossRefPubMed
16.
17.
go back to reference Ting AY, Kain KH, Klemke RL, Tsien RY (2001) Genetically encoded fluorescent reporters of protein tyrosine kinase activities in living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:15003–15008CrossRefPubMed Ting AY, Kain KH, Klemke RL, Tsien RY (2001) Genetically encoded fluorescent reporters of protein tyrosine kinase activities in living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:15003–15008CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Zhang J, Campbell RE, Ting AY, Tsien RY (2002) Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:906–918CrossRefPubMed Zhang J, Campbell RE, Ting AY, Tsien RY (2002) Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:906–918CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Sekar RB, Periasamy A (2003) Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy imaging of live cell protein localizations. J Cell Biol 160:629–633CrossRefPubMed Sekar RB, Periasamy A (2003) Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy imaging of live cell protein localizations. J Cell Biol 160:629–633CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Gao XJ, Chen TS, Xing D, Wang F, Pei YH, Wei XB (2006) Single cell analysis of PKC activation during proliferation and apoptosis induced by laser irradiation. J Cell Phys 206:441–448CrossRef Gao XJ, Chen TS, Xing D, Wang F, Pei YH, Wei XB (2006) Single cell analysis of PKC activation during proliferation and apoptosis induced by laser irradiation. J Cell Phys 206:441–448CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Ward MW, Rehm M, Duessmann H, Kacmar S, Concannon CG, Prehn JHM (2006) Real time single cell analysis of bid cleavage and bid translocation during caspase-dependent and neuronal caspase-independent apoptosis. J Biol Chem 281:5837–5844CrossRefPubMed Ward MW, Rehm M, Duessmann H, Kacmar S, Concannon CG, Prehn JHM (2006) Real time single cell analysis of bid cleavage and bid translocation during caspase-dependent and neuronal caspase-independent apoptosis. J Biol Chem 281:5837–5844CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Rehm M, Dussmann H, Janicke RU, Tavare JM, Kogel D, Prehn JHM (2002) Single-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis demonstrates that caspase activation during apoptosis is a rapid process. J Biol Chem 227:24506–24514CrossRef Rehm M, Dussmann H, Janicke RU, Tavare JM, Kogel D, Prehn JHM (2002) Single-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis demonstrates that caspase activation during apoptosis is a rapid process. J Biol Chem 227:24506–24514CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Luo KQ, Yu VC, Pu Y, Chang DC (2001) Application of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer method for studying the dynamics of caspase-3 activation during UV-induced apoptosis in living HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 283:1054–1060CrossRefPubMed Luo KQ, Yu VC, Pu Y, Chang DC (2001) Application of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer method for studying the dynamics of caspase-3 activation during UV-induced apoptosis in living HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 283:1054–1060CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Thorburn J, Bender LM, Morgan MJ, Thorburn A (2003) Caspase- and serine protease-dependent apoptosis by the death domain of FADD in normal epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 14:67–77CrossRefPubMed Thorburn J, Bender LM, Morgan MJ, Thorburn A (2003) Caspase- and serine protease-dependent apoptosis by the death domain of FADD in normal epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 14:67–77CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Nagai T, Yamada S, Tominaga T, Ichikawa M, Miyawaki A (2004) Expanded dynamic range of fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ by circularly permuted yellow fluorescent proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:10554–10559CrossRefPubMed Nagai T, Yamada S, Tominaga T, Ichikawa M, Miyawaki A (2004) Expanded dynamic range of fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ by circularly permuted yellow fluorescent proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:10554–10559CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Miyawaki A, Llopis J, Heim R, McCaffery JM, Adams JA, Ikura M, Tsien RY (1997) Fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ based on green fluorescent proteins and calmodulin. Nature 388:882–887CrossRefPubMed Miyawaki A, Llopis J, Heim R, McCaffery JM, Adams JA, Ikura M, Tsien RY (1997) Fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ based on green fluorescent proteins and calmodulin. Nature 388:882–887CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Takemoto K, Nagai T, Miyawaki A, Miura M (2003) Spatiotemporal activation of caspase revealed by indicator that is insensitive to environmental effects. J Cell Biol 160:235–243CrossRefPubMed Takemoto K, Nagai T, Miyawaki A, Miura M (2003) Spatiotemporal activation of caspase revealed by indicator that is insensitive to environmental effects. J Cell Biol 160:235–243CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Tyas L, Brophy VA, Pope A, Rivett AJ, Tavare JM (2000) Rapid caspase-3 activation during apoptosis revealed using fluorescence-resonance energy transfer. Eur Mol Biol Org Rep 1:266–270 Tyas L, Brophy VA, Pope A, Rivett AJ, Tavare JM (2000) Rapid caspase-3 activation during apoptosis revealed using fluorescence-resonance energy transfer. Eur Mol Biol Org Rep 1:266–270
29.
go back to reference Wu YX, Xing D, Luo SM, Tang YH, Chen Q (2006) Detection of caspase-3 activation in single cells by fluorescenceresonance energy transfer during photodynamictherapy induced apoptosis. Cancer Lett 235:239–247CrossRefPubMed Wu YX, Xing D, Luo SM, Tang YH, Chen Q (2006) Detection of caspase-3 activation in single cells by fluorescenceresonance energy transfer during photodynamictherapy induced apoptosis. Cancer Lett 235:239–247CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Wang F, Chen TS, Xing D, Wang JJ, Wu YX (2005) Measuring dynamics of caspase-3 activity in living cells using FRET technique during apoptosis induced by high fluence low-power laser irradiation. Lasers Surg Med 36:2–7CrossRefPubMed Wang F, Chen TS, Xing D, Wang JJ, Wu YX (2005) Measuring dynamics of caspase-3 activity in living cells using FRET technique during apoptosis induced by high fluence low-power laser irradiation. Lasers Surg Med 36:2–7CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Xue L, Chiu S, Oleinick NL (2001) Photodynamic therapy induced death of MCF-70 human breast cancer cells: a role for caspase-3 in the late steps of apoptosis but not for the critical lethal event. Exp Cell Res 263:145–155CrossRefPubMed Xue L, Chiu S, Oleinick NL (2001) Photodynamic therapy induced death of MCF-70 human breast cancer cells: a role for caspase-3 in the late steps of apoptosis but not for the critical lethal event. Exp Cell Res 263:145–155CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Li Y, Xing D, Chen Q (2009) Dynamic monitoring of apoptosis in chemotherapies with multiple fluorescence reporters. Mol Imaging Biol 11:213–222CrossRefPubMed Li Y, Xing D, Chen Q (2009) Dynamic monitoring of apoptosis in chemotherapies with multiple fluorescence reporters. Mol Imaging Biol 11:213–222CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Intravital Imaging of Tumor Apoptosis with FRET Probes During Tumor Therapy
Authors
Feifan Zhou
Da Xing
Shengnan Wu
Wei R. Chen
Publication date
01-02-2010
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Molecular Imaging and Biology / Issue 1/2010
Print ISSN: 1536-1632
Electronic ISSN: 1860-2002
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-009-0235-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

Molecular Imaging and Biology 1/2010 Go to the issue